Brazilian solar saltworks - ancient uses and future possibilities

Coastal solar saltworks of Brazil are exploited for sea salt, which becomes progressively concentrated by evaporation. This study aimed to review the current and new potential uses of these systems, in order to provide more dynamic for this activity. The first evaporation ponds are also used for artisanal fisheries, ensuring the livelihood of many families. All the brine rich in secondary salts (bittern) can be widely used by the chemical industry, while the Brazil shows an incipient production of "flower of salt", a salt with distinct characteristics with higher market value than sodium chloride. On the other hand, the saltponds have a high potential for management and obtaining of large populations of Artemia spp., purifying the brine through the action as biological filter. This microcrustacean occurs naturally in intermediate salinity ponds, being commonly used in aquaculture. Species of microalgae and halobacteria found in the saltworks are employed for extraction of beta-carotene and glycerol, used in an extensive list of products with high commercial value. These ecosystems represent refuge zones for many species of migratory birds, becoming imperative to promote the conservation of these hypersaline wetlands

Recuperação de Áreas Degradadas em um Sistema Fluvial Urbano do Seminário (Mossoró/RN) com Auxílio da Ferramenta SIG

The use of geotechnologies in projects and activities becomes increasingly necessary in view of the requirements of the environmental field for more satisfactory results and clearer, and less costly in terms of finance and time. Geotechnologies through GIS is a tool that presents the possibility of analysis and management of degraded areas. The results were based upon the information set forth in the project “Live Edge” and the use of Arcgis 10.2.2 software for data entry and analysis and generation of information. Identified 56 areas for recovery, and the classes of land cover and land use: farming, building, exposed soil, vegetation and wetland. Presented the possibility of entering alphanumeric information for each area by the attribute table. This work aimed to present the applicability of using a geographic information system (GIS) in the management of reclamation in the study stretch of the River Apodi-Mossley in the town of Mossley / RN environment.A utilização das geotecnologias em projetos e atividades torna-se cada vez mais necessária, tendo em vista as exigências da área ambiental por resultados mais satisfatórios e mais precisos, bem como menos onerosos. No campo das geotecnologias, o SIG constitui-se como ferramenta que apresenta a possibilidade de uma análise e gestão integrada de áreas degradadas. Este trabalho teve o objetivo de apresentar a aplicabilidade da utilização de um SIG na gestão de áreas degradadas em processo de recuperação nas margens do Rio Apodi/Mossoró, na cidade de Mossoró/RN. Os resultados foram pautados de informações dispostas no projeto “Margem Viva” e no uso do software Arcgis 10 para inserção dos dados e análises e geração das informações. Identificou-se 51 áreas para recuperação, as quais apresentaram uma cobertura do solo predominantemente com cultivo, edificação, solo exposto, vegetação, rio e área alagada. Apresentou-se do a possibilidade de inserção de informações alfanuméricas para cada área através da tabela de atributos.  Com base nesta estratégia de gestão, verificou-se a extrema importância da implantação do SIG para otimizar as tarefas e dar maior confiabilidade técnica e científica, onde os resultados apresentaram maior consistência a partir da integração da base de dados com o suporte cartográfico

Breve revisão sobre a evolução histórica da atividade salineira no estado do Rio Grande do Norte (Brasil) / Brief characterization about the historical evolution of the salt production activities in Rio Grande do Norte State’s (Brazil)

A presente pesquisa se trata de uma tentativa de elencar alguns dos principais eventos históricos que marcaram a evolução da atividade salineira a partir da colonização da América portuguesa, com enfoque direcionado ao espaço que hoje corresponde ao Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Essa atividade teve início com a descoberta e exploração das reservas naturais e a posterior produção de sal marinho nas salinas artesanais. Ao longo do tempo, a atividade salineira passou a impulsionar o desenvolvimento de outras atividades a ela relacionadas, configurando-se como uma das principais atividades econômicas desenvolvidas nas margens das desembocaduras dos principais rios da Capitania do Rio Grande (do Norte). Com o aumento da demanda nacional (séc. XVIII), várias salinas de pequeno porte passaram a ser construídas ao longo do litoral nordeste do Brasil. Todavia, o advento, no Brasil, da política desenvolvimentista baseada na industrialização (segunda metade do século XX) refletiu profundamente nesta atividade, com a implementação de uma indústria salineira de grande porte, com processos de produção e de engenharia baseados no modelo dos Estados Unidos, com a modernização e dinamização de setores industriais para atender às elevadas demandas da indústria química em expansão no país

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data