CONVERGENCE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOUTH SLAVONIC AND GREEK PRONOMINAL SYSTEMS

Section 1 introduces one of the salient Balkanisms - the 'proleptic use of pronouns', called crossindexing of the direct and indirect objects / clitic doubling constructions - in the context of other Balkanisms. The necessary diachronic background for the present study, case syncretism and the emergence of the postpositive article in South Slavonic languages, is provided in 2 and 3. The development of the Bulgaro-Macedonian pronominal system from that of Old Church Slavonic is outlined in 4, and the parallel development of the Greek system in 5. The current controversy regarding the synchronic status of Modern Greek and Bulgaro-Macedonian clitics is addressed in 6. It is demonstrated that pronominal clitics of Modern Greek cannot be considered to be bound morphemes and that Macedonian clitics stand a better chance to qualify for the status of bound morphemes / affixes vis-a-vis those of Greek but also those of closely related Bulgarian. Section 8 attempts to establish a causal nexus between the loss of case and the emergence of crossindexing of the recipient / beneficiary and the patient by means of clitic doubling constructions. Modern Greek went as far as Middle Bulgaro-Macedonian before the loss of case marking on the definite article; Macedon ian, however, converged with Greek in favouring the strategy of proclisis vs. Bulgarian enclisis: ton=vlepo, ton=j6 (Greek) and go=gledam sinot vs. gledam=go, sina (Bulgarian) '[ see the son'. Furthermore, only Macedonian demarked this construction in that the doubling is necessary outside pragmatic contexts. Morphological corollaries are the uninterruptibility of the clitic block recipient=patient and its immediate attachment to the verb in Macedonian (vs. Bulgarian). Some desiderata for further typological and functional research along the lines of the present study are outlined in 7 and 9

Cerebellar Cognitive Affective Syndrome Presented as Severe Borderline Personality Disorder

An increasing number of findings confirm the significance of cerebellum in affecting regulation and early learning. Most consistent findings refer to association of congenital vermis anomalies with deficits in nonmotor functions of cerebellum. In this paper we presented a young woman who was treated since sixteen years of age for polysubstance abuse, affective instability, and self-harming who was later diagnosed with borderline personality disorder. Since the neurological and neuropsychological reports pointed to signs of cerebellar dysfunction and dysexecutive syndrome, we performed magnetic resonance imaging of brain which demonstrated partially developed vermis and rhombencephalosynapsis. These findings match the description of cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome and show an overlap with clinical manifestations of borderline personality disorder

Uticaj soli natrijuma na klijanje semena i razvoj klijanca ječma (Hordeum Vulgare L.), jare sorte Jadran

Study examines the effect of different soil concentrations of NaCl, NaHCO3 Na2CO3 and Na2SO4 on germination of H. vulgare L. (spring cultivar Jadran). The results indicate that germination and growth of germs in stress conditions caused by the sodium salt depend on type of salt and it’s concentration. In terms of toxicity manifested on seed germination, on length of radicle and length of hypocotyls of germinated seeds, we can line up all salt in a series of NaCl < Na2SO4 < NaHCO3 < Na2CO3.U radu je ispitivan toksični efekat koji imaju različite koncentracije rastvora soli NaCl, NaHCO3 Na2SO4 i Na2CO3 na klijanje semena H. vulgare L. (jara sorta Jadran). Rezultati su pokazali da klijanje i porast klice u uslovima stresa izazvanog solima natrijuma zavise od vrste soli i koncentracije. U pogledu toksičnosti ispoljene na klijavost semena, na dužinu korenka i dužinu hipokotila klijalih semena, sve soli možemo da poređamo u niz NaCl< Na2SO4 < NaHCO3 < Na2CO

INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN GRAIN PROTEIN CONTENT AND INDICATORS OF NITROGEN STATUS OF WHEAT PLANT

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Catalitic effect of Co on hydrogen desorption form nanostucturated magnesium hydride

To study the influence of 3d transition metal addition on desorption kinetics of MgH2 ball milling of MgH2-Co blends was performed under Ar. Microstructural and morphological characterization, performed by XRD and SEM, show a huge correlation with thermal stability and hydrogen desorption properties investigated by DSC. A complex desorption behavior is correlated with the dispersion of the metal additive particles on hydride matrix. The activation energy for H-2 desorption from MgH2-Co composite was calculated from both non-isothermal and isothermal methods to be 130 kJ/mol which means that mutually diffusion and nucleation and growth of new phase control the dehydration process.6th Conference of Young Researchers, Dec 24-26, 2007, Belgrade, Serbi

Uticaj sezone i genotipa na prinos i kvalitet zrna kod ozimih sorti pšenice

The small-scale trials over two years (2011/12th and 2012/13th), examined the six varieties of winter wheat (Vizija, Takovčanka, Planeta, Kruna and Perfekta). Studied grain yield (t ha-1), weight of 1000 grains (g) and test weight (kg hl-1). Estimates were statistically significant differences for grain yield between varieties and years. Cultivars Vizija, Takovčanka and the Planeta have conducted surveys have shown a high degree of adaptability conditions of production of wheat and had a satisfactory yield in the examined vegetation seasons.U mikroogledima tokom dve godine (2011/12.-2012/13.), ispitivano je šest sorti ozime pšenice (Vizija, Takovčanka, Planeta, Kruna i Perfekta). Istraživan je prinos zrna (t ha-1), masa 1000 zrna (gr) i hektolitarska masa (kg hl-1). Procenjene su statistički signifikantne razlike za prinos zrna između sorti i godina. Sorte Vizija, Takovčanka i Planeta su u sprovedenim ispitivanjima pokazale visok stepen adaptabilnosti uslovima proizvodnje pšenice i imale su zadovoljavajući prinos u ispitivanim godinama

Uticaj godine na prinos i kvalitet zrna ozimih sorti pšenice

The small-scale trials over two years (2009/10th and 2010/11th), examined the six varieties of winter wheat (Vizija, Takovčanka, Kg 56 S, Kruna, Aleksandra and Planeta). Studied grain yield (t ha-1), weight of 1000 grains (g) and test weight (kg hl-1). Estimates were statistically significant differences for grain yield between varieties and years. Cultivars Vizija, Kg 56 S, Takovčanka and the Kruna have conducted surveys have shown a high degree of adaptability conditions of production of wheat and had a satisfactory yield in the examined vegetation seasons.U mikroogledima tokom dve godine (2009/10.-2010/11.), ispitivano je šest sorti ozime pšenice (Vizija, Takovčanka, Kg 56 S, Kruna, Aleksandra i Planeta). Istraživan je prinos zrna (t ha-1), masa 1000 zrna (gr) i hektolitarska masa (kg hl-1). Procenjene su statistički signifikantne razlike za prinos zrna između sorti i godina. Sorte Vizija, Kg 56 S, Takovčanka i Kruna su u sprovedenim ispitivanjima pokazale visok stepen adaptabilnosti uslovima proizvodnje pšenice i imale su zadovoljavajući prinos u ispitivanim godinama

FIVE-FACTOR MODEL PERSONALITY PROFILES: THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ALCOHOL AND OPIATE ADDICTION AMONG FEMALES

Background: The prevalence of female alcohol and substance abusers has markedly increased. The main objective of this research was to explore personality profiles among females who had alcohol and opiate dependence. Aim: The aim of the study is to analyse if there is differences in personality profiles of females addicted to alcohol and opiates. We hypothesized that there might be significant differences in personality profiles among subgroups of women who present with alcohol and opiate use disorders. Subjects and methods: Of 157 consecutive women with diagnosis of alcohol/opiate addiction, 62 fulfilled following inclusion criteria: age 19-45 years, abstinence from alcohol and opiates for at least 10 days prior to enrollment. Alcohol-dependent group consisted of 30 females, while opiate-dependent group consisted of 32 females. The control group involved 30 age-matched randomly chosen healthy women. The data were collected using the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R). The multiple stepwise discriminant analysis was used to determine relations between personality traits and the probability of belonging to one of the study groups. Results: Significant differences in the NEO-PI-R scores were observed between groups for all main personality traits except for Openness to Experience. Compared with controls, substance-dependent women scored significantly higher on Neuroticism and lower on Conscientiousness. Opiate-dependent females scored the highest on Neuroticism and on Extraversion and lowest on Agreeableness and on Conscientiousness. Alcohol-dependent females scored higher on Conscientiousness and lower on Neuroticism compared to opiate-dependent women. Conclusions: The results of our study confirmed significant characteristics in personality profiles among females with alcohol and opiate dependence, as well as the difference between these two groups of substance abusers and their healthy controls. The distinct personality characteristics among different groups of substance addicted women should be taken into account when creating the most effective program of prevention and therapeutic approaches in this specific cohort

Expression of multiple water channel activities in Xenopus oocytes injected with mRNA from rat kidney

To test the hypothesis that renal tissue contains multiple distinct water channels, mRNA prepared from either cortex, medulla, or papilla of rat kidney was injected into Xenopus oocytes. The osmotic water permeability (Pf) of oocytes injected with either 50 nl of water or 50 nl of renal mRNA (1 microgram/microliter) was measured 4 d after the injection. Pf was calculated from the rate of volume increase on exposure to hyposmotic medium. Injection of each renal mRNA preparation increased the oocyte Pf. This expressed water permeability was inhibited by p-chloromercuriphenylsulfonate and had a low energy of activation, consistent with the expression of water channels. The coinjection of an antisense oligonucleotide for CHIP28 protein, at an assumed > 100-fold molar excess, with either cortex, medulla, or papilla mRNA reduced the expression of the water permeability by approximately 70, 100, and 30%, respectively. Exposure of the oocyte to cAMP for 1 h resulted in a further increase in Pf only in oocytes injected with medulla mRNA. This cAMP activation was not altered by the CHIP28 antisense oligonucleotide. These results suggest that multiple distinct water channels were expressed in oocytes injected with mRNA obtained from sections of rat kidney: (a) CHIP28 water channels in cortex and medulla, (b) cAMP-activated water channels in medulla, and (c) cAMP-insensitive water channels in papilla

Grammaticalization of aktionsart in ancient Slavic : a comparison with aspect in ancient Greek and Latin

This thesis represents a historical-comparative analysis of two major types of grammatical aspect. The morphological means of expressing aspect in Ancient Greek and Latin, inherited from late PIE, is compared with the grammaticalized Aktionsart, i.e. lexical aspect, of Ancient Slavic. The verb systems of Ancient Greek and Latin are analyzed with reference to the origin and development of verb category functions from late PIE. Grammatical aspectual functions, which are morphologically expressed in Ancient Greek and Latin, are contrasted with Aktionsart or lexical aspectual functions. Interrelations between tense and aspect within the verb system established by the Cognitive-Functional analysis represent a diagnostic criterion in distinguishing grammatical from lexical aspectual functions. -- The verb system of Ancient Slavic undergoes a major change of grammaticalizing Aktionsart. One of the major goals of this thesis is to determine the causal factors for this recategorization of giammatical aspectual function. Grammaticalization of Aktionsart also carries a number of consequences for certain grammatical formations of modem Slavic languages to be examined. -- The choice of these three languages is related to a major theme of this thesis, i.e. to represent two types of grammatical aspectual functions and to explain grammaticalization change from morphological to lexical aspect. Ancient Greek and Latin are chosen as examples of the old Indo-European languages that preserve late PIE morphological means of expressing aspect. Specifically, the verb system of Ancient Greek resembles that of late PIE, while Latin underwent major restructuring of the verb system from a three-way to a two-way aspectual contrast among verb categories. Ancient Slavic is chosen to exemplify and explain grammaticalization of Aktionsart which represents a change from the inherited to a new type of grammatical aspect. The choice of Ancient Slavic is also related to typological similarity of a three-way aspectual contrast with that in Ancient Greek