Vztah biochemickych markeru, nutricnich faktoru a psychosocialni zateze k etiopatogenezi kolorektalniho karcinomu

Available from STL Prague, CZ / NTK - National Technical LibrarySIGLECZCzech Republi

The community clanning and security policies on municipal level

Práce se zabývá komunitním plánováním sociálních služeb a bezpečnostní politikou v obci. Na problematiku komunitního plánování sociálních služeb nahlíží z teoretického i praktického hlediska, které se pak týká samotného města Pardubice. Součástí práce je i empirická část, kde se pomocí dotazníkového šetření mapuje spokojenost obyvatel města Pardubice s ohledem na bezpečnost a sociální služby.The diploma thesis is concerned with community planning of social services and security policy in the municipality. Community planning of social services is described from a theoretical and practical point of view, which covers to the city Pardubice. The work also includes empirical part where using a questionnaire survey maps the satisfaction of the city's inhabitants Pardubice with regard to safety and social services.Ústav správních a sociálních vědStudentovi byly položeny otázky od vedoucího diplomové práce: Jaké oblasti autor doporučuje veřejné správě konkrétně sledovat v oblasti bezpečnosti a spokojenosti sledovat u občanů své obce? A část druhé otázky: Jaké jsou bariéry soustavného sběru dat? Dále byla studentovi položena jedna z otázek oponenta práce: Rozveďte podrobněji, co je to "stálá prevence negativních aspektů" vzhledem k výsledkům Vašeho výzkumu. V rámci diskuse byl student tázán na využití kamerového systému obecní policie v Pardubicích. Dále byl tázán na působnost složek IZS v~pedagogické oblasti a na problematiku cizinců a národnostních menšin. Dále byl tázán na komparaci výzkumu s tvrdými daty o výskytu kriminality a jejich návaznost na doporučení, která v práci vyvozuje

The Energetic and Metabolic Effect of Ringerfundin (B. Braun) Infusion and Comparison with Plasma-Lyte (Baxter) in Healthy Volunteers

Measurement of parameters of energy requirement, respiratory quotient (RQ), rate of oxygen consumption (VO2) and rate of carbon dioxide production (VCO2) reveal Ringerfundin as an excellent and metabolically stable-acting balanced ionic solution, which does not increase the consumption of O2 or the total energy requirement. In conclusion, Ringerfundin was very well tolerated and in no case were observed undesirable effects

The Relationship of Nutritional Energy and Macronutrient Intake with Pregnancy Outcomes in Czech Pregnant Women

Maternal nutrition and metabolism play important roles for the well-being of both mother and fetus during pregnancy. This longitudinal study brings an original evaluation of the relationship between the nutritional energy and macronutrients intake (NEMI) and pregnancy outcomes and an assessment of the changes in such intake over the previous ten years. Sixty-five healthy Czech pregnant women were examined in three pregnancy periods (1st: 17th–27th; 2nd: 28th–35th; 3rd: 36th–38th gestational weeks). Results of 7-day dietary records were analyzed using NutriDan software. Energy intake decreased from 30.0 kcal/kg to 25.0 kcal/kg during pregnancy. The data also showed a decrease in macronutrients intake (p < 0.0001) with the advancing stage of pregnancy. Positive correlations were demonstrated between NEMI and birth weight (r = 0.410, p < 0.001). In the second pregnancy period, NEMI (excluding carbohydrates) positively associated with neonatal birth length (p < 0.01) and negatively with duration of birth (p < 0.05). An increased NEMI in the last period of pregnancy shortened the length of pregnancy

Critical evaluation of muscle mass loss as a prognostic marker of morbidity in critically ill patients and methods for its determination

Objective: Loss of muscle mass in critically ill patients is associated with serious consequences, such as prolonged mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit confinement, and higher mortality. Thus, monitoring muscle mass, and especially its decline, should provide a useful indicator of morbidity and mortality. Performing evaluations according only to body mass index is imperfect, therefore the aim of this article was to evaluate appropriate methods for muscle mass loss determination in ICU patients. Methods: For this review, the literature searches were conducted through Embase and Medline, PubMed and Google Scholar databases up to February 2018 for the following Medical Subject Headings terms muscle atrophy, protein catabolism, ICU-aquaired weakness, muscle muss loss, myolysis, critical illness, stress metabolism, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, neutron activation analysis, anthropometric examination, determination of endogenous metabolites of the skeletal muscles, bioimpedance spectroscopy, ultrasound. Result: It appears that ultrasound, which is widely available in hospitals, is the most advantageous method. Muscle ultrasound is non-invasive, relatively inexpensive, and is a bedside method that is free of ionizing radiation. Furthermore, muscle ultrasound also seems to be valid in patients with severe fluid retention, which is a typical complication with other conventional methods. Conclusion: Early detection of critical illness neuromyo-pathy could be beneficial for improving the standards of intensive care, and thus reducing the risk of mortality in these patients

An experimental comparison of methods for somatic cell count determination in milk of various species of mammals

Somatic cell count (SCC) is important foodstuff, hygienic and health indicator of milk and animal mammary gland. The goal of this paper was to evaluate an ability of chosen methods to reach the SCC reliable results in various biological kinds (species) of milk. The various methods of SCC determination were compared in cow (CM), goat (GM), sheep (SM) and human (HM) milk: direct microscopy (DM); fluoro-opto-electronic (Fossomatic 90; Foss); fluorescent (DCC; De Laval). Used methods had cow milk calibration basically. The DM, Foss and DCC result relations about SCC were very close, mostly > 0.92 (P < 0.001) for CM, GM and SM. In CM the regression equations between methods were near ideal form y = 1x + 0. The mean differences SCC data sets between mentioned methods were small for CM, larger for SM and HM and the largest for GM. It is possible to convert all DCC results in SM, HM and GM to DM or Foss method. The conversion equations were stated from DCC: to DM in cow milk y = 1.1293x − 5.5029; to Foss in goat milk y = 3.603x − 3171.4; to Foss in sheep milk y = 1.3805x − 18.149; to Foss in human milk y = 2.6246x + 158.63. Assesment of conversion equations should be individual laboratory event. Results had relatively good correspondence among DM, Foss and DCC for SCC determination in CM, GM, SM and HM for milk quality control. DCC had lower results in small ruminants as compared to Foss calibrated on CM using DM. DCC in HM had lower results as Foss adjusted by CM at good correlation (0.84; P < 0.001)

Relationship between somatic cell count and lactose content in milk of various species of mammals

Somatic cell count (SCC) is an indicator of mammary gland health state. Lactose (L) can be reduced with mastitis and SCC increase. Mammary gland health is an essential factor of milk quality. Monitoring of mammary gland health is important for prevention and treatment of milk secretion disorders. The goal of this work was to analyse the relationship between SCC and L in various biological species. 7 sets of individual and bulk milk samples (MSs) were analysed (n = 479, 479, 345, 80, 90 and 102) for SCC and L content. 3 sets were with cow (C) milk and 1 set with goat (G), 1 with sheep (S) and 1 with human (H) MSs. The relations in C milk were used as reference. SCC geometric means were markedly lower in C milk (62, 99 and 81 103 . ml−1) and H milk (103 103 . ml−1) as compared to small ruminants (G 3 509 and S 609 103 . ml−1). The mean L values were lower in small ruminants (G 4.36% and S 4.42%) as compared to C milk (4.95%, 4.97% and in 1st lactation 5.10%) and higher in H milk (5.77%). L contents in Czech Fleckvieh and Holstein correlated negatively to SCC (log SCC)) in all lactations (−0.36 P < 0.001 and −0.33 P < 0.001). L content in 1st lactation correlated with SCC markedly narrower than in cows for all lactations (−0.49 P < 0.001). The SCC×L relationship in G (White short–haired) milk (−0.35 P < 0.01) was in good relation to C milk and in S (Tsigai) milk (−0.51 P < 0.001) was markedly narrower as in C and G milk. Lower mean SCC in H milk as compared to G and S milk and comparable to C milk did not show significant negative relationship to L which was 0.08 (P > 0.05) for original SCC values. Surprisingly there was not found the SCC×L relationship in H milk which could be comparable to other mammal species milk. It could be caused by bacteriologically negative results in MSs with higher SCC (> 300 103 . ml−1). As well as at C milk also at G and S milk and in contrast to H milk it is possible to use the SCC×L relationship for improvement of result interpretation and prevention control in occurrence of milk secretion production disorders in routine monitoring systems such as milk recording with individual MSs and milk quality control with bulk MSs. The quality of decision-making schemes in algorithms for practical monitoring of mammary gland health could be improved