Perceived organizational support and organizational identification : joint moderating effects of employee exchange ideology and employee investment

Organizational identification (OID) can be developed out of social exchange practices within an organizational setting. Drawing on social exchange theory, we propose that the effect of perceived organizational support (POS) on OID is stronger for employees with stronger exchange ideology. We further argue that employee investment in an organization may also create a social exchange process that positively influences OID. We expect that employee investment moderates not only the effect of POS on OID, but also the enhancing effect of exchange ideology on the effect of POS on OID. Specifically, POS has a stronger positive effect on OID when exchange ideology is high and when employee investment is low. When employee investment is high, POS has a weaker effect on OID regardless of employees’ exchange ideology. These effects were empirically supported by a survey. Theoretical and practical implications are also discussed

From Predicting Solar Activity to Forecasting Space Weather: Practical Examples of Research-to-Operations and Operations-to-Research

The successful transition of research to operations (R2O) and operations to research (O2R) requires, above all, interaction between the two communities. We explore the role that close interaction and ongoing communication played in the successful fielding of three separate developments: an observation platform, a numerical model, and a visualization and specification tool. Additionally, we will examine how these three pieces came together to revolutionize interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) arrival forecasts. A discussion of the importance of education and training in ensuring a positive outcome from R2O activity follows. We describe efforts by the meteorological community to make research results more accessible to forecasters and the applicability of these efforts to the transfer of space-weather research.We end with a forecaster "wish list" for R2O transitions. Ongoing, two-way communication between the research and operations communities is the thread connecting it all.Comment: 18 pages, 3 figures, Solar Physics in pres

Whole-genome sequencing reveals host factors underlying critical COVID-19

Critical COVID-19 is caused by immune-mediated inflammatory lung injury. Host genetic variation influences the development of illness requiring critical care1 or hospitalization2,3,4 after infection with SARS-CoV-2. The GenOMICC (Genetics of Mortality in Critical Care) study enables the comparison of genomes from individuals who are critically ill with those of population controls to find underlying disease mechanisms. Here we use whole-genome sequencing in 7,491 critically ill individuals compared with 48,400 controls to discover and replicate 23 independent variants that significantly predispose to critical COVID-19. We identify 16 new independent associations, including variants within genes that are involved in interferon signalling (IL10RB and PLSCR1), leucocyte differentiation (BCL11A) and blood-type antigen secretor status (FUT2). Using transcriptome-wide association and colocalization to infer the effect of gene expression on disease severity, we find evidence that implicates multiple genes—including reduced expression of a membrane flippase (ATP11A), and increased expression of a mucin (MUC1)—in critical disease. Mendelian randomization provides evidence in support of causal roles for myeloid cell adhesion molecules (SELE, ICAM5 and CD209) and the coagulation factor F8, all of which are potentially druggable targets. Our results are broadly consistent with a multi-component model of COVID-19 pathophysiology, in which at least two distinct mechanisms can predispose to life-threatening disease: failure to control viral replication; or an enhanced tendency towards pulmonary inflammation and intravascular coagulation. We show that comparison between cases of critical illness and population controls is highly efficient for the detection of therapeutically relevant mechanisms of disease

Social and development psychology in work and organisations

Book synopsis: For a significant portion of psychology students, their reason for choosing an undergraduate degree in psychology is their interest in applied psychology and a desire to use psychological knowledge to help solve personal and social problems. With this in mind, this textbook has been designed to satisfy these needs for applied psychology teaching at all undergraduate levels. Applied Psychology is designed to introduce students to the main areas of applied psychology (Clinical Psychology, Health Psychology, Educational Psychology, Occupational Psychology, Forensic Psychology, Sports & Exercise Psychology, Counselling Psychology and Teaching Psychology) from UK, European and international perspectives. It also introduces the core psychological knowledge that underpins these applied and professional areas. As a result, students learn core knowledge from the five main areas of psychology, as well as acquiring a thorough grounding in how this knowledge is applied, and the professional issues associated with that application. Highlights include a broad range of teaching and learning features designed to help the student learn and the teacher teach. These include: Focus Points, Colour Illustrations, Activity Boxes, Research Methods, Case Histories, Self-Test and Essay Questions, Learning Outcomes and Section Summaries, a Glossary as well as Links to Journal Articles and Further Reading

Occupational psychology in practice: the individual

Book synopsis: For a significant portion of psychology students, their reason for choosing an undergraduate degree in psychology is their interest in applied psychology and a desire to use psychological knowledge to help solve personal and social problems. With this in mind, this textbook has been designed to satisfy these needs for applied psychology teaching at all undergraduate levels. Applied Psychology is designed to introduce students to the main areas of applied psychology (Clinical Psychology, Health Psychology, Educational Psychology, Occupational Psychology, Forensic Psychology, Sports & Exercise Psychology, Counselling Psychology and Teaching Psychology) from UK, European and international perspectives. It also introduces the core psychological knowledge that underpins these applied and professional areas. As a result, students learn core knowledge from the five main areas of psychology, as well as acquiring a thorough grounding in how this knowledge is applied, and the professional issues associated with that application. Highlights include a broad range of teaching and learning features designed to help the student learn and the teacher teach. These include: Focus Points, Colour Illustrations, Activity Boxes, Research Methods, Case Histories, Self-Test and Essay Questions, Learning Outcomes and Section Summaries, a Glossary as well as Links to Journal Articles and Further Reading