2,905 research outputs found
Shapes of the Proton
A model proton wave function, constructed using Poincare invariance, and
constrained by recent electromagnetic form factor data, is used to study the
shape of the proton. Spin-dependent quark densities are defined as matrix
elements of density operators in proton states of definite spin-polarization,
and shown to have an infinite variety of non-spherical shapes. For high
momentum quarks with spin parallel to that of the proton, the shape resembles
that of a peanut, but for quarks with anti-parallel spin the shape is that of a
bagel.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, to be submitted to Phys. Rev. C This corrects a
few typos and explains some further connections with experiment
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Higher measured than modeled ozone production at increased NOx levels in the Colorado Front Range
Abstract. Chemical models must correctly calculate the ozone formation rate, P(O3), to accurately predict ozone levels and to test mitigation strategies. However, air quality models can have large uncertainties in P(O3) calculations, which can create uncertainties in ozone forecasts, especially during the summertime when P(O3) is high. One way to test mechanisms is to compare modeled P(O3) to direct measurements. During summer 2014, the Measurement of Ozone Production Sensor (MOPS) directly measured net P(O3) in Golden, CO, approximately 25âŻkm west of Denver along the Colorado Front Range. Net P(O3) was compared to rates calculated by a photochemical box model that was constrained by measurements of other chemical species and that used a lumped chemical mechanism and a more explicit one. Median observed P(O3) was up to a factor of 2 higher than that modeled during early morning hours when nitric oxide (NO) levels were high and was similar to modeled P(O3) for the rest of the day. While all interferences and offsets in this new method are not fully understood, simulations of these possible uncertainties cannot explain the observed P(O3) behavior. Modeled and measured P(O3) and peroxy radical (HO2 and RO2) discrepancies observed here are similar to those presented in prior studies. While a missing atmospheric organic peroxy radical source from volatile organic compounds co-emitted with NO could be one plausible solution to the P(O3) discrepancy, such a source has not been identified and does not fully explain the peroxy radical modelâdata mismatch. If the MOPS accurately depicts atmospheric P(O3), then these results would imply that P(O3) in Golden, CO, would be NOx-sensitive for more of the day than what is calculated by models, extending the NOx-sensitive P(O3) regime from the afternoon further into the morning. These results could affect ozone reduction strategies for the region surrounding Golden and possibly other areas that do not comply with national ozone regulations. Thus, it is important to continue the development of this direct ozone measurement technique to understand P(O3), especially under high-NOx regimes
4. The School Develops
Between 1947 and 1953, when M.P. Catherwood left the deanship to become New Yorkâs industrial commissioner, the ILR School developed into a full fledged enterprise. These pages attempt to capture some of the excitement of this period of the schoolâs history, which was characterized by vigor, growth, and innovation. Includes: Alumni Recall Their Lives as Students; The Faculty Were Giants; Alice Cook: Lifelong Scholar, Consummate Teacher; Frances Perkins; Visits and Visitors; Tenth Anniversary: Reflection and Change; The Emergence of Departments at ILR; Development of International Programs and Outreach
Effect of gluon-exchange pair-currents on the ratio G(E(P))/G(M(P))
The effect of one-gluon-exchange (OGE) pair-currents on the ratio for the proton is investigated within a nonrelativistic
constituent quark model (CQM) starting from nucleon wave
functions, but with relativistic corrections. We found that the OGE
pair-currents are important to reproduce well the ratio .
With the assumption that the OGE pair-currents are the driving mechanism for
the violation of the scaling law we give a prediction for the ratio of the neutron.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Shearing of loose granular materials: A statistical mesoscopic model
A two-dimensional lattice model for the formation and evolution of shear
bands in granular media is proposed. Each lattice site is assigned a random
variable which reflects the local density. At every time step, the strain is
localized along a single shear-band which is a spanning path on the lattice
chosen through an extremum condition. The dynamics consists of randomly
changing the `density' of the sites only along the shear band, and then
repeating the procedure of locating the extremal path and changing it. Starting
from an initially uncorrelated density field, it is found that this dynamics
leads to a slow compaction along with a non-trivial patterning of the system,
with high density regions forming which shelter long-lived low-density valleys.
Further, as a result of these large density fluctuations, the shear band which
was initially equally likely to be found anywhere on the lattice, gets
progressively trapped for longer and longer periods of time. This state is
however meta-stable, and the system continues to evolve slowly in a manner
reminiscent of glassy dynamics. Several quantities have been studied
numerically which support this picture and elucidate the unusual system-size
effects at play.Comment: 11 pages, 15 figures revtex, submitted to PRE, See also:
cond-mat/020921
The Vehicle, October 1959, Vol. 1 no. 4
Vol. 1, No. 4
Table of Contents
To the Reader and Acknowledgmentspage 2
SuccessFrank Pialorsipage 3
SeawardRobert C. Millerpage 7
High Precision SpeechNeil O. Parkerpage 8
ConvalescenceBarbara Wilson Dautpage 8
Has Anyone Seen Vinzetti?Robert Mills Frenchpage 9
WarR.M.F.page 10
Ode to My Math ProfessorsBud Bromleypage 11
Bird of PrayThe Skepticpage 11
DiscoveryRhonda McGowanpage 13
Solace For My DaughterAl Brookspage 14
Ownershippage 14
A Poetic GemGladys C. Winkleblackpage 14
I\u27ve Forgotten YouKathleen Ferreepage 15
Loading ZoneBert Bowderpage 15
Ode to An English Professorpage 15
To Be Read to a Driver Doing EightyA.B. Carterpage 16https://thekeep.eiu.edu/vehicle/1004/thumbnail.jp
QCD Form Factors and Hadron Helicity Non-Conservation
Recent data for the ratio shocked the
community by disobeying expectations held for 50 years. We examine the status
of perturbative QCD predictions for helicity-flip form factors. Contrary to
common belief, we find there is no rule of hadron helicity conservation for
form factors. Instead the analysis yields an inequality that the leading power
of helicity-flip processes may equal or exceed the power of helicity conserving
processes. Numerical calculations support the rule, and extend the result to
the regime of laboratory momentum transfer . Quark orbital angular
momentum, an important feature of the helicity flip processes, may play a role
in all form factors at large , depending on the quark wave functions.Comment: 25 pages, 5 figure
Consumer credit in comparative perspective
We review the literature in sociology and related fields on the fast global growth of consumer credit and debt and the possible explanations for this expansion. We describe the ways people interact with the strongly segmented consumer credit system around the worldâmore specifically, the way they access credit and the way they are held accountable for their debt. We then report on research on two areas in which consumer credit is consequential: its effects on social relations and on physical and mental health. Throughout the article, we point out national variations and discuss explanations for these differences. We conclude with a brief discussion of the future tasks and challenges of comparative research on consumer credit.Accepted manuscrip
Robust Bounds on Choosing from Large Tournaments
Tournament solutions provide methods for selecting the "best" alternatives
from a tournament and have found applications in a wide range of areas.
Previous work has shown that several well-known tournament solutions almost
never rule out any alternative in large random tournaments. Nevertheless, all
analytical results thus far have assumed a rigid probabilistic model, in which
either a tournament is chosen uniformly at random, or there is a linear order
of alternatives and the orientation of all edges in the tournament is chosen
with the same probabilities according to the linear order. In this work, we
consider a significantly more general model where the orientation of different
edges can be chosen with different probabilities. We show that a number of
common tournament solutions, including the top cycle and the uncovered set, are
still unlikely to rule out any alternative under this model. This corresponds
to natural graph-theoretic conditions such as irreducibility of the tournament.
In addition, we provide tight asymptotic bounds on the boundary of the
probability range for which the tournament solutions select all alternatives
with high probability.Comment: Appears in the 14th Conference on Web and Internet Economics (WINE),
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