The Effects of Quantum Entropy on the Bag Constant

The effects of quantum entropy on the bag constant are studied at low temperatures and small chemical potentials. The inclusion of the quantum entropy of the quarks in the equation of state provides the hadronic bag with an additional heat which causes a decrease in the effective latent heat inside the bag. We have considered two types of baryonic bags, $\Delta$ and $\Omega^-$. In both cases we have found that the bag constant without the quantum entropy almost does not change with the temperature and the quark chemical potential. The contribution from the quantum entropy to the equation of state clearly decreases the value of the bag constant.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures (two parts each

Exercise-induced respiratory muscle work: Effects on blood flow, fatigue and performance

This is the post print version of this article. The official published version can be obtained from the link below.In healthy subjects, heavy intensity endurance exercise places substantial demands on the respiratory muscles as breathing frequency, ventilation and the work of breathing rise over time. In the highly trained subject working at high absolute work rates, the ventilatory demand often causes varying degrees of expiratory flow limitation, sometimes accompanied by lung hyperinflation and, therefore, increased elastic work of breathing. Time-dependant increases in effort perceptions for both dyspnea and limb discomfort accompany these increased ventilatory demands. Similar responses to endurance exercise but at much lower exercise intensities also occur in patients with COPD and CHF. Note that these responses significantly influence exercise performance times in both health and disease. This effect was demonstrated by the marked reductions in the rate of rise of effort perceptions and the enhanced exercise performance times elicited by unloading the respiratory muscles using pressure support ventilation or proportional assist mechanical ventilation. In healthy fit subjects, unloading the inspiratory work of breathing by about one half increased performance by an average of 14% (Harms et al. 2000), and in CHF and COPD patients performance time more than doubled with respiratory muscle unloading (O’Donnell et al. 2001). Why are effort perceptions of limb discomfort markedly reduced and exercise performance increased when the respiratory muscles are unloaded? Our hypothesis is shown in Fig. 1

Spectral Measures and Generating Series for Nimrep Graphs in Subfactor Theory II: SU(3)

We complete the computation of spectral measures for SU(3) nimrep graphs arising in subfactor theory, namely the SU(3) ADE graphs associated with SU(3) modular invariants and the McKay graphs of finite subgroups of SU(3). For the SU(2) graphs the spectral measures distill onto very special subsets of the semicircle/circle, whilst for the SU(3) graphs the spectral measures distill onto very special subsets of the discoid/torus. The theory of nimreps allows us to compute these measures precisely. We have previously determined spectral measures for some nimrep graphs arising in subfactor theory, particularly those associated with all SU(2) modular invariants, all subgroups of SU(2), the torus, SU(3), and some SU(3) graphs.Comment: 38 pages, 21 figure

Furrow irrigation erosion and its control

Furrow erosion was recognized as a serious problem damaging cropland 40 years ago (Israelson et al., 1946), and attempts to quantify soil loss in relation to furrow stream size and slope were made then and in the following few years (Gardner and Lauritzen, 1946; Mech, 1959). However, little attention was given to these studies, and the furrow erosion problem continued without much effort to correct it for another 25 years. In the early 1970's water quality legislation was directed towards reducing sediment, nutrients and biocides in irrigation return flows. As scientists began to develop methods to improve the quality of irrigation return flows in response to this legislation, some questions were raised about the sources of these pollutants. Brown et el., (1974), and Carter at al., (1974) reported sediment and phosphorus inflows, outflows, and balances for two large irrigation tracts in south central Idaho. They found large quantities of sediment and associated phosphorus were being lost from many irrigated fields. Research has progressed during the life of the STEEP project, and much new information about erosion and sediment loss has been reported both at Kimberly, Idaho, and Prosser, Washington. This paper is a summary of the progress made towards understanding and controlling irrigation erosion and sediment loss

Furrow Irrigation Erosion and Its Control

Furrow erosion was recognized as a serious problem damaging cropland 40 years ago (Israelson et al., 1946), and attempts to quantify soil loss in relation to furrow stream size and slope were made then and in the following few years (Gardner and Lauritzen, 1946; Mach, 1959). However, little attention was given to these studies, and the furrow erosion problem continued without much effort to correct it for another 25 years. In the early 1970's water quality legislation was directed towards reducing sediment, nutrients and biocides in irrigation return flows. As scientists began to develop methods to improve the quality of irrigation return flows in response to this legislation, some questions were raised about the sources of these pollutants. Brown et al., (1974), and Carter et al., (1974) reported sediment and phosphorus inflows, outflows, and balances for two large irrigation tracts in south central Idaho. They found large quantities of sediment and associated phosphorus were being lost from many irrigated fields. Research has progressed during the life of the STEEP project, and much new information about erosion and sediment loss has been reported both at Kimberly, Idaho, and Prosser, Washington. This paper is a summary of the progress made towards understanding and controlling irrigation erosion and sediment loss

Spacelike Wilson Loops at Finite Temperature

In the high temperature phase of Yang-Mills theories, large spatial Wilson loops show area law behaviour with a string tension that grows with increasing temperature. Within the framework of the commonly used string picture we use a large scale expansion, which allows us to determine the string tension from measurements of intermediate and symmetric Wilson loops.Comment: Tex file. No figures included. Obtainable from P. Lacock at email address: [email protected]

Measurement of Furrow Infiltration Rates Made Easy

An irrigation system was developed for infiltration studies that utilized overflow controls to maintain nearly constant inflow into irrigation furrows. Furrow outflow was measured with HS flumes equipped with water-level recorders. Data were easily and rapidly converted to infiltration rates and cumulative infiltration by a computer

Canine Aortofemoral Bypass: a New Technique for the Evaluation of Prosthetic Implants

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/67957/2/10.1177_000331977402500901.pd

The screen representation of vector coupling coefficients or Wigner 3j symbols: exact computation and illustration of the asymptotic behavior

The Wigner $3j$ symbols of the quantum angular momentum theory are related to the vector coupling or Clebsch-Gordan coefficients and to the Hahn and dual Hahn polynomials of the discrete orthogonal hyperspherical family, of use in discretization approximations. We point out the important role of the Regge symmetries for defining the screen where images of the coefficients are projected, and for discussing their asymptotic properties and semiclassical behavior. Recursion relationships are formulated as eigenvalue equations, and exploited both for computational purposes and for physical interpretations.Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures, presented at ICCSA 2014, 14th International Conference on Computational Science and Application