How and Why lslamophobia is tied to English Nationalism but not to Scottish Nationalism

Muslim minorities throughout Europe are under threat of collateral damage from the Blair/Bush \u27War on Terror.\u27 In Scotland they also have to cope with the added possibility that Scottish nationalism might develop an \u27ethnic\u27 as well as a \u27civic\u27 dimension. But is Scottish nationalism part of the problem or part of the solution? Paradoxically, Muslims are under less pressure in Scotland than in England, despite Scotland\u27s move over recent decades--psychologically as well as institutionally--towards nationalism

Exploiting classical nucleation theory for reverse self-assembly

In this paper we introduce a new method to design interparticle interactions to target arbitrary crystal structures via the process of self-assembly. We show that it is possible to exploit the curvature of the crystal nucleation free-energy barrier to sample and select optimal interparticle interactions for self-assembly into a desired structure. We apply this method to find interactions to target two simple crystal structures: a crystal with simple cubic symmetry and a two-dimensional plane with square symmetry embedded in a three-dimensional space. Finally, we discuss the potential and limits of our method and propose a general model by which a functionally infinite number of different interaction geometries may be constructed and to which our reverse self-assembly method could in principle be applied.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures. Published in the Journal of Chemical Physic

Thermal barrier coatings for gas turbine and diesel engines

The present state of development of thin thermal barrier coatings for aircraft gas turbine engines and thick thermal barrier coatings for truck diesel engines is assessed. Although current thermal barrier coatings are flying in certain gas turbine engines, additional advances will be needed for future engines. Thick thermal barrier coatings for truck diesel engines have advanced to the point where they are being seriously considered for the next generation of engine. Since coatings for truck engines is a young field of inquiry, continued research and development efforts will be required to help bring this technology to commercialization

Giant Antiferromagnetically Coupled Moments in a Molecule-Based Magnet with Interpenetrating Lattices

The molecule-based magnet [Ru$_2$(O$_2$CMe)$_4$]$_3$[Cr(CN)$_6$] contains two weakly-coupled, interpenetrating sublattices in a body-centered cubic structure. Although the field-dependent magnetization indicates a metamagnetic transition from an antiferromagnet to a paramagnet, the hysteresis loop also exhibits a substantial magnetic remanance and coercive field uncharacteristic of a typical metamagnet. We demonstrate that this material behaves like two giant moments with a weak antiferromagnetic coupling and a large energy barrier between the orientations of each moment. Because the sublattice moments only weakly depend on field in the transition region, the magnetic correlation length can be directly estimated from the magnetization.Comment: 3 figure

Evaluating a gas-permeable culture surface for the generation of megakaryocytes for in-vitro platelet production

The ability to generate large numbers of platelets for transfusions is limited by the challenges of (1) efficiently generating platelet-like-particles (PLPs) from megakaryocytes (Mks) and (2) producing many Mks from each input CD34+ cell. Clinical-scale cell culture technologies for expanding CD34+ cells and differentiating them into Mks must be able to handle large media volumes and cell numbers. Recently, the G-Rex membrane system has been used to expand large numbers of T-cells within a scalable closed system. The gas-permeable membrane provides efficient gas transfer from the incubator atmosphere to the cells. CO2/O2 diffusion is no longer dictated by the media height, which restricts media usage in standard tissue culture flasks and wells. Additionally, the system allows the use of various of cell densities and larger volumes of media without the need for numerous media exchanges. Although the G-Rex membrane system has shown extensive benefits for expansion of different T-cell populations and cell lines, it has not been evaluated for its impact on the expansion and differentiation of CD34+ cells into Mks. In the bone marrow, megakaryopoiesis occurs over a gradient of oxygen tension – with hypoxic conditions near the bone and higher O2 concentrations at the vasculature. Our lab has previously published a three-phase Mk expansion protocol that mimics the O2 transition, as shown in Figure 1A. In this study we investigated the use of G-Rex membrane systems for Mk production from mobilized peripheral blood (mPB) CD34+ cells. High initial cell surface densities (0.1 x 106 cells/cm2 or greater) stunted the expansion and differentiation of cells through the first two phases of the process, whereas low surface densities (0.011 x 106 cells/cm2) led to expansion comparable to the standard protocol. However, a starting surface density of 0.04 x 106 cells/cm2 in the first phase of the culture resulted in a 2.3-fold increase in the number of Mks per input CD34+ cell compared to the standard process (Figure 1B). A media dilution scheme on Day 5 promoted not only expansion in the G-Rex system, but also for the control protocol. The G-Rex system with a media dilution scheme led to 3.6-fold increase in the number of Mks produced per mL of media used, thus potentially reducing the cost of a scaled-up process (Figure 1C). Finally, Mks produced using the G-Rex system demonstrated normal maturation aspects such as polyploidization, proplatelet formation, and PLP generation ex vivo. While this study primarily focused on the starting cell surface densities and a dilution scheme, other variables that could be optimized include starting media volumes, cytokine concentrations, transferring cells to larger G-Rex systems at later phases, and even potentially lowering the oxygen levels in phase one

The Dynamics of Abell 2125

We present 371 galaxy velocities in the field of the very rich cluster Abell 2125 (z~0.25). These were determined using optical spectroscopy collected over several years from both the WIYN 3.5m telescope and NOAO Mayall 4m telescope. Prior studies at a variety of wavelengths (radio, optical, and X-ray) have indicated that A2125 is a likely cluster-cluster merger, a scenario which we are able to test using our large velocity database. We identified 224 cluster galaxies, which were subjected to a broad range of statistical tests using both positional and velocity information to evaluate the cluster dynamics and substructure. The tests confirmed the presence of substructures within the Abell 2125 system at high significance, demonstrating that A2125 is a complex dynamical system. Comparison of the test results with existing simulations strengthens the merger hypothesis, and provides clues about the merger geometry and stage. The merger model for the system can reconcile A2125's low X-ray temperature and luminosity with its apparently high richness, and might also explain A2125's high fraction of active galaxies identified in prior radio and optical studies.Comment: 34 pages, including tables and 3 color figures; to appear in Ap

Level density and level-spacing distributions of random, self-adjoint, non-Hermitian matrices

We investigate the level-density $\sigma(x)$ and level-spacing distribution $p(s)$ of random matrices $M=AF\neq M^{\dagger}$ where $F$ is a (diagonal) inner-product and $A$ is a random, real symmetric or complex Hermitian matrix with independent entries drawn from a probability distribution $q(x)$ with zero mean and finite higher moments. Although not Hermitian, the matrix $M$ is self-adjoint with respect to $F$ and thus has purely real eigenvalues. We find that the level density $\sigma_F(x)$ is independent of the underlying distribution $q(x)$, is solely characterized by $F$, and therefore generalizes Wigner's semicircle distribution $\sigma_W(x)$. We find that the level-spacing distributions $p(s)$ are independent of $q(x)$, are dependent upon the inner-product $F$ and whether $A$ is real or complex, and therefore generalize the Wigner's surmise for level spacing. Our results suggest $F$-dependent generalizations of the well-known Gaussian Orthogonal Ensemble (GOE) and Gaussian Unitary Ensemble (GUE) classes.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, revised tex

Relationship of soil dispersibility to infiltration and erosion of southeastern soils

Fifteen agricultural topsoils from Georgia were subjected to simulated rainfall at high intensity in runoff pan studies. Infiltration over time and total soil loss were not related to soil texture, but were correlated with each other. Both infiltration and soil loss were highly correlated with several measures of soil dispersibility. Dispersible clay measured after 36 h of shaking at an 8:1 water:soil ratio and a dispersible clay index weighting clay dispersion by time were significantly related to both soil loss (r = 0.88 to 0.89) and infiltration (r = -0.5 to -0.6). Dispersion expressions derived from plots of log (undispersed clay) versus time had lower correlation coefficients, as did dispersion variables that included both silt and clay. The high percentage of clay that is dispersible in these soils appears to seal water transmission pores and reduce infiltration, as observed in sodic soils. Therefore, dispersion may be a fundamental soil property to be considered in erosion prediction and control

Linear chain ferromagnetic charge transfer compounds

Journal ArticleCharge transfer complexes possessing a ... DADA ... structure with both the donor, D, and acceptor, A, being S = 1/2 radicals may exhibit cooperative magnetic phenomena. The complex [Fe(C5Me5)2]+ [TCNQ]-. exhibits metamagnetic behavior. The similarly structured [TCNE]-. and [C4(CN)6]-. complexes are ferromagnets, whereas the [DDQ]-. salt is a paramagnet. The high temperature magnetic susceptibility obeys the Curie-Weiss expression with 0 = + 30, + 30, and + 3 for the [TCNE]-., [C4(CN)6]-., and [TCNQ]-. salts, respectively. The ferromagnetic [TCNE]-. salt exhibits zero field Zeeman split 57Fe Mossbauer spectra with an internal field of 425.6 kOe at 4.23 K. After reviewing the current papers discussing ferromagnetism in molecular (organic) compounds, a qualitative model consistent with the necessary bulk spin alignment required for a ferromagnet is presented