The Effects of BeetElite on Physical Endurance Measured Through Lactic Acid Levels

BeetElite is a beet root extract product from the Human-n brand that has become widely popular among endurance athletes over the past few years. Dietary nitrates and nitrites are the active ingredients in the supplemental drink mix. Although there is research cited on the company\u27s website, it is limited to one study that conducted a HIIT test on stationary bikes. To further test the company\u27s claims on improved endurance and began proving its effectiveness with running, we created a treadmill test. Our testing is intended to supplement other testing that has been done and provide a basis for future tests to build from. This supplement can be tested over a huge array of different activities and in different populations.https://scholarworks.moreheadstate.edu/celebration_posters_2024/1024/thumbnail.jp

Global stability of vortex solutions of the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equation

Both experimental and numerical studies of fluid motion indicate that initially localized regions of vorticity tend to evolve into isolated vortices and that these vortices then serve as organizing centers for the flow. In this paper we prove that in two dimensions localized regions of vorticity do evolve toward a vortex. More precisely we prove that any solution of the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equation whose initial vorticity distribution is integrable converges to an explicit self-similar solution called ``Oseen's vortex''. This implies that the Oseen vortices are dynamically stable for all values of the circulation Reynolds number, and our approach also shows that these vortices are the only solutions of the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equation with a Dirac mass as initial vorticity. Finally, under slightly stronger assumptions on the vorticity distribution, we also give precise estimates on the rate of convergence toward the vortex.Comment: 35 pages, no figur

Ages of the Whitewater and Fairhaven tills in southwestern Ohio and southeastern Indiana

Alloisoleucine/isoleucine (aIle/Ile) ratios obtained from fossil mollusc shells collected at localities in southwestern Ohio and southeastern Indiana, where they occur in silt beds associated with the Whitewater and Fairhaven tills, indicate a pre-Wisconsinan age for these tills, which had previously been thought to be early or middle Wisconsinan. The aIle/Ile ratios in shells from beneath the buried soil (Sidney soil) and till exposed near Sidney, Ohio, are most similar to values in shells obtained from Illinoian sediments at Clough Creek in Hamilton County, Ohio; Mechanicsburg southwest, Illinois; and Trousdale Mine in Vermillion Co., Indiana. The first well-developed weathering profile in the sequence above the implied Illinoian age silt at the Sidney cut, therefore, probably represents Sangamonian, early and middle Wisconsinan weathering. Molluscs from an organic silt, exposed near the base of the Bantas Fork cutbank section, also have aIle/Ile ratios that are similar to those measured in shell recovered from the silt at the Sidney cut and from the silt inclusion in inferred Illinoian till at Clough Creek. These data indicate that the organic silt is pre-Wisconsinan. Therefore, the Fairhaven Till, which overlies the silt at the Bantas Fork locality, could be pre-Wisconsinan and the weathering profile developed in the Fairhaven Till may be correlative with the Sangamon Soil of Illinois. The New Paris Interstade silt overlies Whitewater Till at the American Aggregates quarry at Richmond, Indiana. Shells from the silt have aIle/Ile ratios that are intermediate between those obtained from inferred Illinoian age sediments at Bantas Fork, Sidney cut, and Clough Creek, and magnetically reversed sediments at Handley Farm, near Connersville, Fayette County, Indiana. These data suggest a pre-Illinoian age for the silt unit and the underlying Whitewater Till

Self-rated health in rural Appalachia: health perceptions are incongruent with health status and health behaviors

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Appalachia is characterized by poor health behaviors, poor health status, and health disparities. Recent interventions have not demonstrated much success in improving health status or reducing health disparities in the Appalachian region. Since one's perception of personal health precedes his or her health behaviors, the purpose of this project was to evaluate the self-rated health of Appalachian adults in relation to objective health status and current health behaviors.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Appalachian adults (n = 1,576) were surveyed regarding health behaviors - soda consumer (drink ≥ 355 ml/d), or non-consumer (drink < 355 ml/d), fast food consumer (eating fast food ≥ 3 times/wk) or healthy food consumer (eating fast food < 3 times/wk), smoking (smoker or non-smoker), exercise (exerciser > 30 min > 1 d/wk) and sedentary (exercise < 30 min 1 d/wk), blood pressure medication (yes, no), and self-rated health. Blood pressure was measured through auscultation and serum cholesterol measured via needle prick. Weight status was based on BMI: normal weight (NW ≥ 18.5 and < 25.0), overweight (OW ≥ 25.0 and < 30.0), and obese (OB ≥ 30.0). Jaccard Binary Similarity coefficients, odds ratios, chi-square, and prevalence ratios were calculated to evaluate the relationships among self-rated health, objective health status, and health behaviors. Significance was set at p < 0.05.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Respondents reported being healthy, while being sedentary (65%), hypertensive (76%), overweight (73%), or hyperlipidemic (79%). Between 57% and 66% of the respondents who considered themselves healthy had at least two disease conditions or poor health behaviors. Jaccard Binary Similarity coefficients and odds ratios showed the probability of reporting being healthy when having a disease condition or poor health behavior was high.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The association between self-rated health and poor health indicators in Appalachian adults is distorted. The public health challenge is to formulate messages and programs about health and health needs which take into account the current distortion about health in Appalachia and the cultural context in which this distortion was shaped.</p

Ablation of silicate particles in high-speed continuum and transition flow with application to the collection of interplanetary dust particles

A model for the ablation and deceleration of spheres in continuum and slip flow is presented. Experiments were conducted in which initially spherical 7.1 micron diameter soda-lime glass particles were launched from vacuum at ~4500 m s^(-1) through a 0.5 mil (13 micron) plastic film into a capture chamber containing xenon at 0.1 and 0.2 atm and 295 K. Samples of ablated particles were collected and inspected using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that the ratio of the ablated particle radius (R_f) to the initial radius (R_0) depends on the gas pressure such that at 0.1 atm, R_f/R_0 = 0.67 ± 0.08, and at 0.2 atm, R_f/R_0 = 0.88 ± 0.08. The model agrees with these results if the heat of ablation Q is set to 1.5 ± 0.2 MJ kg^(-1). This value of Q approximately corresponds to the energy needed to raise the particle temperature from 295 to 1300 K, the working point of soda-lime glass. This indicates that the mechanism of ablation is melting and blowing of material from the particle's surface

4-Phenylbutyrate Attenuates the ER Stress Response and Cyclic AMP Accumulation in DYT1 Dystonia Cell Models

Dystonia is a neurological disorder in which sustained muscle contractions induce twisting and repetitive movements or abnormal posturing. DYT1 early-onset primary dystonia is the most common form of hereditary dystonia and is caused by deletion of a glutamic acid residue (302/303) near the carboxyl-terminus of encoded torsinA. TorsinA is localized primarily within the contiguous lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and nuclear envelope (NE), and is hypothesized to function as a molecular chaperone and an important regulator of the ER stress-signaling pathway, but how the mutation in torsinA causes disease remains unclear. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that the clinical symptoms of dystonia result from abnormalities in dopamine (DA) signaling, and possibly involving its down-stream effector adenylate cyclase that produces the second messenger cyclic adenosine-3′, 5′-monophosphate (cAMP). Here we find that mutation in torsinA induces ER stress, and inhibits the cyclic adenosine-3′, 5′-monophosphate (cAMP) response to the adenylate cyclase agonist forskolin. Both defective mechanins are corrected by the small molecule 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) that alleviates ER stress. Our results link torsinA, the ER-stress-response, and cAMP-dependent signaling, and suggest 4-PBA could also be used in dystonia treatment. Other pharmacological agents known to modulate the cAMP cascade, and ER stress may also be therapeutic in dystonia patients and can be tested in the models described here, thus supplementing current efforts centered on the dopamine pathway

Getters for improved technetium containment in cementitious waste forms.

A cementitious waste form, Cast Stone, is a possible candidate technology for the immobilization of low activity nuclear waste (LAW) at the Hanford site. This work focuses on the addition of getter materials to Cast Stone that can sequester Tc from the LAW, and in turn, lower Tc release from the Cast Stone. Two getters which produce different products upon sequestering Tc from LAW were tested: Sn(II) apatite (Sn-A) that removes Tc as a Tc(IV)-oxide and potassium metal sulfide (KMS-2) that removes Tc as a Tc(IV)-sulfide species, allowing for a comparison of stability of the form of Tc upon entering the waste form. The Cast Stone with KMS-2 getter had the best performance with addition equivalent to ∼0.08wt% of the total waste form mass. The observed diffusion (Dobs) of Tc decreased from 4.6±0.2×10-12cm2/s for Cast Stone that did not contain a getter to 5.4±0.4×10-13cm2/s for KMS-2 containing Cast Stone. It was found that Tc-sulfide species are more stable against re-oxidation within getter containing Cast Stone compared with Tc-oxide and is the origin of the decrease in Tc Dobs when using the KMS-2

Shoujo versus Seinen? Address and reception in Puella Magi Madoka Magica (2011)

This article uses the Japanese television anime series Puella Magi Madoka Magica (2011) as a case study through which to problematise the relationship between two prominent traditions within children’s literature criticism: narratology, with its vocabulary of implied readers and textual address; and reception studies, which typically gather data through empirical work with children. The figure of the “child reader” is claimed by both traditions, although in one case that reader is a textual construct and in the other a human being; yet this ambiguity is not typically addressed within studies of individual texts. Puella Magi Madoka Magica, a complex work that disrupts viewer expectations and genre assumptions, both destabilises its implied viewership and challenges conventional beliefs about the tastes and capacities of actual viewers, especially the extent to which those viewers can be categorised by age or gender. I argue that, by taking a sideways step from page to screen, and especially by analysing a non-Western work, it is possible to highlight the contingent and arbitrary nature of some of the assumptions that permeate literary critical discussion, and to help bring narratalogical and reception studies into a more productive relationship