The Journal of the Friends' Historical Society vol. 2 No. 4

1. Notices. 2. Notes and Queries. 3. Pennsylvania History Club. 4. Editors' Notes. 5. William Miller at the King's Gardens II. 6. An Appeal to George Fox. 7. Friends' Libraries in Maryland. 8. Occurrences for the Progress of Truth II. 9. Extracts from the Bishop of Chester's Visitation, 1665 II. 10. Friends on the Atlantic II. 11. Friends in Current Literature. 12. List of Members. 13. Obituary. 14. Index to Volume II

The Key Role of Heavy Precipitation Events in Climate Model Disagreements of Future Annual Precipitation Changes in California

Climate model simulations disagree on whether future precipitation will increase or decrease over California, which has impeded efforts to anticipate and adapt to human-induced climate change. This disagreement is explored in terms of daily precipitation frequency and intensity. It is found that divergent model projections of changes in the incidence of rare heavy (\u3e60 mm day−1) daily precipitation events explain much of the model disagreement on annual time scales, yet represent only 0.3% of precipitating days and 9% of annual precipitation volume. Of the 25 downscaled model projections examined here, 21 agree that precipitation frequency will decrease by the 2060s, with a mean reduction of 6–14 days yr−1. This reduces California\u27s mean annual precipitation by about 5.7%. Partly offsetting this, 16 of the 25 projections agree that daily precipitation intensity will increase, which accounts for a model average 5.3% increase in annual precipitation. Between these conflicting tendencies, 12 projections show drier annual conditions by the 2060s and 13 show wetter. These results are obtained from 16 global general circulation models downscaled with different combinations of dynamical methods [Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF), Regional Spectral Model (RSM), and version 3 of the Regional Climate Model (RegCM3)] and statistical methods [bias correction with spatial disaggregation (BCSD) and bias correction with constructed analogs (BCCA)], although not all downscaling methods were applied to each global model. Model disagreements in the projected change in occurrence of the heaviest precipitation days (\u3e60 mm day−1) account for the majority of disagreement in the projected change in annual precipitation, and occur preferentially over the Sierra Nevada and Northern California. When such events are excluded, nearly twice as many projections show drier future conditions

Probabilistic estimates of future changes in California temperature and precipitation usingstatistical and dynamical downscaling

Sixteen global general circulation models were used to develop probabilistic projections of temperature (T) and precipitation (P) changes over California by the 2060s. The global models were downscaled with two statistical techniques and three nested dynamical regional climate models, although not all global models were downscaled with all techniques. Both monthly and daily timescale changes in T and P are addressed, the latter being important for a range of applications in energy use, water management, and agriculture. The T changes tend to agree more across downscaling techniques than the P changes. Year-to-year natural internal climate variability is roughly of similar magnitude to the projected T changes. In the monthly average, July temperatures shift enough that that the hottest July found in any simulation over the historical period becomes a modestly cool July in the future period. Januarys as cold as any found in the historical period are still found in the 2060s, but the median and maximum monthly average temperatures increase notably. Annual and seasonal P changes are small compared to interannual or intermodel variability. However, the annual change is composed of seasonally varying changes that are themselves much larger, but tend to cancel in the annual mean. Winters show modestly wetter conditions in the North of the state, while spring and autumn show less precipitation. The dynamical downscaling techniques project increasing precipitation in the Southeastern part of the state, which is influenced by the North American monsoon, a feature that is not captured by the statistical downscaling

Construction and characterization of a BAC library from a gynogenetic channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus

A bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library was constructed by cloning HindIII-digested high molecular weight DNA from a gynogenetic channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, into the vector pBeloBAC11. Approximately 53 500 clones were arrayed in 384-well plates and stored at -80°C (CCBL1), while clones from a smaller insert size fraction were stored at -80°C without arraying (CCBL2). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of 100 clones after NotI digestion revealed an average insert size of 165 kb for CCBL1 and 113 kb for CCBL2. Further characterization of CCBL1 demonstrated that 10% of the clones did not contain an insert. CCBL1 provides a 7.2-fold coverage of the channel catfish haploid genome. PCR-based screening demonstrated that 68 out of 74 unique loci were present in the library. This represents a 92% chance to find a unique sequence. These libraries will be useful for physical mapping of the channel catfish genome, and identification of genes controlling major traits in this economically important species

Characterization of an Oct1 orthologue in the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus: A negative regulator of immunoglobulin gene transcription?

BACKGROUND: The enhancer (Eμ3') of the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus (IGH) of the channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) has been well characterized. The functional core region consists of two variant Oct transcription factor binding octamer motifs and one E-protein binding μE5 site. An orthologue to the Oct2 transcription factor has previously been cloned in catfish and is a functionally active transcription factor. This study was undertaken to clone and characterize the Oct1 transcription factor, which has also been shown to be important in driving immunoglobulin gene transcription in mammals. RESULTS: An orthologue of Oct1, a POU family transcription factor, was cloned from a catfish macrophage cDNA library. The inferred amino acid sequence of the catfish Oct1, when aligned with other vertebrate Oct1 sequences, revealed clear conservation of structure, with the POU specific subdomain of catfish Oct1 showing 96% identity to that of mouse Oct1. Expression of Oct1 was observed in clonal T and B cell lines and in all tissues examined. Catfish Oct1, when transfected into both mammalian (mouse) and catfish B cell lines, unexpectedly failed to drive transcription from three different octamer-containing reporter constructs. These contained a trimer of octamer motifs, a fish V(H )promoter, and the core region of the catfish Eμ3' IGH enhancer, respectively. This failure of catfish Oct1 to drive transcription was not rescued by human BOB.1, a co-activator of Oct transcription factors that stimulates transcription driven by catfish Oct2. When co-transfected with catfish Oct2, Oct1 reduced Oct2 driven transcriptional activation. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that catfish Oct1 (native or expressed in vitro) bound both consensus and variant octamer motifs. Putative N- and C-terminal activation domains of Oct1, when fused to a Gal4 DNA binding domain and co-transfected with Gal4-dependent reporter constructs were transcriptionally inactive, which may be due in part to a lack of residues associated with activation domain function. CONCLUSION: An orthologue to mammalian Oct1 has been found in the catfish. It is similar to mammalian Oct1 in structure and expression. However, these results indicate that the physiological functions of catfish Oct1 differ from those of mammalian Oct1 and include negative regulation of transcription

The Journal of the Friends' Historical Society vol. 2 No. 3

1. Notices. 2. Notes and Queries. 3. The First Publishers of Truth III. 4. Edmund Peckover, ex-soldier and Quaker. 5. County Tipperary Friends' Records II. 6. Bevan and Naish Library, Birmingham. 7. Decline Literature II. 8. The Price of Candles. 9. Friends on the Atlantic I. 10. Extracts from the Bishop of Chester's Visitation, 1665 I. 11. Meetings in Yorkshire, 1668 III. 12. The Will of Margaret Fox. 13. William Keynell, of Dorsetshire. 14. William Miller at the King's Gardens I. 15. Springett Penn to James Logan. 16. Occurrences for the Progress of Truth I. 17. Friends' in Current Literature. 18. Friends' Reference Library, Devonshire House. 19. Sixth List of Members. 20. Editors' Notes

Self-Control in Cyberspace: Applying Dual Systems Theory to a Review of Digital Self-Control Tools

Many people struggle to control their use of digital devices. However, our understanding of the design mechanisms that support user self-control remains limited. In this paper, we make two contributions to HCI research in this space: first, we analyse 367 apps and browser extensions from the Google Play, Chrome Web, and Apple App stores to identify common core design features and intervention strategies afforded by current tools for digital self-control. Second, we adapt and apply an integrative dual systems model of self-regulation as a framework for organising and evaluating the design features found. Our analysis aims to help the design of better tools in two ways: (i) by identifying how, through a well-established model of self-regulation, current tools overlap and differ in how they support self-control; and (ii) by using the model to reveal underexplored cognitive mechanisms that could aid the design of new tools.Comment: 11.5 pages (excl. references), 6 figures, 1 tabl

Developing & Testing Components For More Reliable Linear Reciprocating Compression Of Hydrogen

LectureSouthwest Research Institute® (SwRI®), ACI Services, Inc. (ACI), and Libertine FPE Limited collaborated to design and build a Linear Motor Reciprocating Compressor (LMRC) via a DOE-funded project with ACI cost share. The advanced compression system utilizes a novel concept of driving a permanent magnet piston assembly inside a hermetically sealed compressor cylinder through electromagnetic windings. The LMRC design minimizes the mechanical part count and has no process gas leakage to atmosphere. The LMRC has no “rod,� rod packing, crankshaft, coupling, or separate motor/driver. In addition, the LMRC is able to improve the efficiency of the compression process by eliminating bearing losses and optimizing the piston speed profile to reduce fluid dynamic losses. The primary project objective was to meet the DOE goal of increasing the compression efficiency and reducing the cost of forecourt hydrogen compression; however, most of the associated technology developments can be applied to high-pressure natural gas, process gas, air, and other compressors. High pressures, electromagnetic fields, and a hydrogen environment (for the specific DOE vehicle refueling application) are the main design obstacles that had to be overcome to design a linear motor reciprocating compressor that can ultimately achieve a 12,700-psi final discharge pressure in the third stage. Manufacturing of the first stage LMRC (first of three stages) was completed and tested in early-to-mid 2020. Solid model images and a photo of the LMRC that was built and tested is presented in Figure 1. The first stage LMRC has design suction and discharge pressures of 290 and 1,035 psi, respectively. After a failure caused the testing to end prematurely, SwRI internal research and development (IR&D) funding was sought to rebuild the LMRC using the lessons-learned from the 2020 testing to improve some of the key components of the design. The key components that were the focus of the IR&D project are as follows: • Metal Coatings – Specifically, coatings for magnets. A new coating and process method was developed to protect magnets from hydrogen incursion. • Valve Design – Based on the identified design improvements, a new valve design with minimal leakage for hydrogen service was developed and built. • Motion Profile – Motion profile optimization efforts were performed with the rebuilt LMRC. Testing of the above-noted components of the LMRC was completed in early-to-mid 2022; therefore, test data is included in this lecture. In addition to those component developments, further advances in the hermetic actuator platform technology are expected to yield efficiency and durability benefits for subsequent phases of development ahead of commercial product launch. The paper will include discussions of design, manufacturing, and testing aspects of some of the individual components and of the entire LMRC. In addition to being highly relevant to the hydrogen gas economy, the LMRC is considered relevant and applicable to most gas compression industries