196 research outputs found
School age bullying : the victim\u27s point of view
Bullying is a common problem in schools across the world including in the United States. This paper focuses on the problem of bullying from the victim\u27s point of view. Bullying can be defined in a variety of different ways and occurs in a variety of different situations. Victims of bullies suffer from a wide variety of academic, social, behavioral, and emotional problems. A comprehensive approach that includes school counselors, teachers, administrators, and parents is needed to combat bullying within the school. Bully prevention and intervention programs can help victims more effectively if they change their orientation from focusing on the bully to focusing on the bully and the victim
Nontrivial features in the speed of sound inside neutron stars
Measurements of neutron star masses, radii, and tidal deformability have
direct connections to nuclear physics via the equation of state (EoS), which
for the cold, catalyzed matter in neutron star cores is commonly represented as
the pressure as a function of energy density. Microscopic models with exotic
degrees of freedom display nontrivial structure in the speed of sound ()
in the form of first-order phase transitions and bumps, oscillations, and
plateaus in the case of crossovers and higher-order phase transitions. We
present a procedure based on Gaussian processes to generate an ensemble of EoSs
that include nontrivial features. Using a Bayesian analysis incorporating
measurements from X-ray sources, gravitational wave observations, and
perturbative QCD results, we show that these features are compatible with
current constraints. We investigate the possibility of a global maximum in
that occurs within the densities realized in neutron stars -- implying a
softening of the EoS and possibly an exotic phase in the core of massive stars
-- and find that such a global maximum is consistent with, but not required by,
current constraints.Comment: 31 pages, 9 figure
Searching for phase transitions in neutron stars with modified Gaussian processes
Gaussian processes provide a promising framework by which to extrapolate the
equation of state (EoS) of cold, catalyzed matter beyond times nuclear
saturation density. Here we discuss how to extend Gaussian processes to include
nontrivial features in the speed of sound, such as bumps, kinks, and plateaus,
which are predicted by nuclear models with exotic degrees of freedom. Using a
fully Bayesian analysis incorporating measurements from X-ray sources,
gravitational wave observations, and perturbative QCD results, we show that
these features are compatible with current constraints and report on how the
features affect the EoS posteriors.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, CSQCD IX proceeding
Parentsâ Pandemic NICU Experience in the United States: A Qualitative Study
Background
Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, parents of infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) frequently reported high levels of stress, uncertainty, and decreased parenting confidence. Early research has demonstrated that parents have had less access to their infants in the hospital due to restrictions on parental presence secondary to the pandemic. It is unknown how parents have perceived their experiences in the NICU since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to describe the lived experience of parents who had an infant in the NICU in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic to inform healthcare providers and policy makers for future development of policies and care planning. Methods
The study design was a qualitative description of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on parentsâ experiences of having an infant in the NICU. Free-text responses to open-ended questions were collected as part of a multi-method study of parentsâ experiences of the NICU during the first six months of the pandemic. Participants from the United States were recruited using social media platforms between the months of May and July of 2020. Data were analyzed using a reflexive thematic approach. Findings
Free-text responses came from 169 parents from 38 different states in the United States. Three broad themes emerged from the analysis: (1) parentsâ NICU experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic were emotionally isolating and overwhelming, (2) policy changes restricting parental presence created disruptions to the family unit and limited family-centered care, and (3) interactions with NICU providers intensified or alleviated emotional distress felt by parents. A unifying theme of experiences of emotional distress attributed to COVID-19 circumstances ran through all three themes. Conclusions
Parents of infants in the NICU during the first six months of the COVID-19 pandemic experienced emotional struggles, feelings of isolation, lack of family-centered care, and deep disappointment with system-level decisions. Moving forward, parents need to be considered essential partners in the development of policies concerning care of and access to their infants. Background
The COVID-19 pandemic created unprecedented conditions for administrators and clinicians working in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) and greatly affected parents of infants requiring hospitalization. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, parents of infants admitted to a NICU reported high levels of stress, anxiety, uncertainty, and decreased parenting confidence when compared to parents of healthy full-term infants [1,2,3,4,5,6]. Approximately 28â40% of mothers of infants admitted to a NICU were diagnosed with a new mental illness, such as depression or perinatal post-traumatic stress disorder [7]. Fathers of infants requiring NICU hospitalization also reported significant stress and need for reassurance and support [8, 9]
Inside TENT
A prototype zine researched and designed for the Toronto Fringe Festival that showcases the impact of the Theatre Entrepreneurs\u27 Networking and Training program. The zine is a major output from âMobilizing Social Innovation to Train the Next Generation of Theatre Entrepreneurs,â a multi-year collaboration funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada via the College and Community Social Innovation Fund.https://source.sheridancollege.ca/fhass_creativehumanities/1003/thumbnail.jp
Additional conference abstracts
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/43490/1/11111_2005_Article_BF02208413.pd
Transforming the Healthcare Response to Intimate Partner Violence and Taking Best Practices to Scale
BACKGROUND: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is prevalent among adolescent and adult women, with significant physical, sexual, and mental health consequences. In 2011, the Institute of Medicine\u27s Clinical Preventive Services for Women consensus report recommended universal screening for violence as a component of women\u27s preventive services; this policy has been adopted by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA). These policy developments require that effective clinic-based interventions be identified, easily implemented, and taken to scale.
METHODS: To foster dialogue about implementing effective interventions, we convened a symposium entitled Responding to Violence Against Women: Emerging Evidence, Implementation Science, and Innovative Interventions, on May 21, 2012. Drawing on multidisciplinary expertise, the agenda integrated data on the prevalence and health impact of IPV violence, with an overview of the implementation science framework, and a panel of innovative IPV screening interventions. Recommendations were generated for developing, testing, and implementing clinic-based interventions to reduce violence and mitigate its health impact.
RESULTS: The strength of evidence supporting specific IPV screening interventions has improved, but the optimal implementation and dissemination strategies are not clear. Implementation science, which seeks to close the evidence to program gap, is a useful framework for improving screening and intervention uptake and ensuring the translation of research findings into routine practice.
CONCLUSIONS: Findings have substantial relevance to the broader research, clinical, and practitioner community. Our conference proceedings fill a timely gap in knowledge by informing practitioners as they strive to implement universal IPV screening and guiding researchers as they evaluate the success of implementing IPV interventions to improve women\u27s health and well-being
Measuring the HIV Care Continuum Using Public Health Surveillance Data in the United States
The HIV care continuum is a critical framework for situational awareness of the HIV epidemic, yet challenges to accurate enumeration of continuum components hamper continuum estimation in practice. We describe local, surveillance-based estimation of the HIV continuum in the United States, reviewing common practices as recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Furthermore, we review some challenges and biases likely to threaten existing continuum estimates. Current estimates rely heavily on the use of CD4 cell count and HIV viral load laboratory results reported to surveillance programs as a proxy for receipt of HIV-related outpatient care. As such, continuum estimates are susceptible to bias due to incomplete laboratory reporting and imperfect sensitivity and specificity of laboratory tests as a proxy for routine HIV care. Migration of HIV-infected persons between jurisdictions also threatens the validity of continuum estimates. Data triangulation may improve but not fully alleviate biases
âGet yourself some nice, neat, matching box filesâ: research administrators and occupational identity work
To date, qualitative research into occupational groups and cultures within academia has been relatively scarce, with an almost exclusive concentration upon teaching staff within universities and colleges. This article seeks to address this lacuna and applies the interactionist concept of âidentity workâ in order to examine one specific group to date under-researched: graduate research administrators.
This occupational group is of sociological interest as many of its members appear to span the putative divide between âacademicâ and âadministrativeâ occupational worlds within higher education. An exploratory, qualitative research project was undertaken, based upon interviews with
27 research administrators. The study analyses how research administrators utilise various forms of identity work to sustain credible occupational identities, often in the face of considerable challenge from their academic colleagues
Risky bodies, risky spaces, maternal âinstinctsâ: swimming and motherhood
Swimming and aquatic activity are fields in which gendered, embodied identities are brought to the fore, and the co-presence of other bodies can have a significant impact upon lived experiences. To date, however, there has been little research on sport and physical cultures that investigates how meanings associated with space impact upon womenâs embodied experiences of participating in swimming, specifically in the presence of their young children. Using semi-structured interviews and non-participant observations, this qualitative study employed a Foucauldian-feminist framework to explore self-perceptions and embodied experiences of aquatic activity amongst 20 women, who were swimming with children aged under 4. Results highlight that through âfeltâ maternal responsibilities, the co-presence of babiesâ and childrenâs bodies shifted womenâs intentionality away from the self towards their child. Mothersâ embodied experiences were grounded in perceptions of space-specific âmaternal instinctsâ and focused upon disciplining their childrenâs bodies in the lived-space of the swimming pool. Key findings cohere around mothersâ felt concerns about hygiene, water temperature and safety, and elements of intercorporeality and âsomatic empathyâ
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