4,426 research outputs found
Three-Body Dynamics with Gravitational Wave Emission
We present numerical three-body experiments that include the effects of
gravitational radiation reaction by using equations of motion that include the
2.5-order post-Newtonian force terms, which are the leading order terms of
energy loss from gravitational waves. We simulate binary-single interactions
and show that close approach cross sections for three 1 solar mass objects are
unchanged from the purely Newtonian dynamics except for close approaches
smaller than 1.0e-5 times the initial semimajor axis of the binary. We also
present cross sections for mergers resulting from gravitational radiation
during three-body encounters for a range of binary semimajor axes and mass
ratios including those of interest for intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs).
Building on previous work, we simulate sequences of high-mass-ratio three-body
encounters that include the effects of gravitational radiation. The simulations
show that the binaries merge with extremely high eccentricity such that when
the gravitational waves are detectable by LISA, most of the binaries will have
eccentricities e > 0.9 though all will have circularized by the time they are
detectable by LIGO. We also investigate the implications for the formation and
growth of IMBHs and find that the inclusion of gravitational waves during the
encounter results in roughly half as many black holes ejected from the host
cluster for each black hole accreted onto the growing IMBH.Comment: 34 pages, 14 figures, minor corrections to match version accepted by
Ap
Attitudes of Students in a Wildlife Damage Management Class Towards Nuisance Wildlife Control
Students majoring in wildlife management at the University of Georgia have the option of enrolling in our Wildlife Damage Management course. Students participate in a variety of field activities associated with the laboratory portion of the class while also attending twice-weekly lectures on wildlife damage topics. Each spring at the beginning of the semester, students participate in a short survey to assess their opinions on various topics related to wildlife damage management. The same students participate in the same survey at the end of the semester. We have been collecting pre-and post-course data since 1994. Significantly more students agreed with a variety of coyote (Canis latrans) control activities in the post-class survey except when asked about paying farmers and ranchers for livestock losses. They disagreed with this practice and did not change their view. Students generally agreed with the practice of using poison to control selected species except eagles but there were fewer significant attitude shifts pre-and post-class. As expected, students scored high on knowledge questions related to coyotes. The statement that producers had the right to protect property saw a significant change in attitude (\u3e percentage agreed post-class)
Hamster oocyte membrane potential and ion permeability vary with preantral cumulus cell attachment and developmental stage
BACKGROUND: In vitro maturation of mammalian oocytes is an area of great interest due to its potential application in the treatment of infertility. The morphological and physiological changes that occur during oocyte development are poorly understood, and further studies are needed investigating the physiological changes associated with oocyte maturation. In this study we evaluated the membrane potential and the sodium/potassium permeability ratio of oocytes acutely isolated, and cumulus-oocyte complexes in metaphase II and preantral follicle stages. RESULTS: Intracellular electrical recordings revealed that cumulus-enclosed oocytes have a membrane potential significantly more negative at the preantral follicle stage than at metaphase II stage (-38.4 versus -19.7 mV, p < 0.0005). The membrane potential of the cumulus-free oocytes was not different between the preantral and metaphase II stages. The membrane potential of the cumulus cells forming preantral stage follicles was shown to be significantly different from that of the oocyte within the follicle (-28.6 versus -38.4 mV, p < 0.05). The sodium/potassium permeability measured in cumulus-enclosed oocytes at the preantral stage equaled a mean value of 0.33. The ratio was significantly lower when measured in oocytes denuded of cumulus cells or cumulus-enclosed metaphase II oocytes, 0.76, 0.79, 0.77 respectively (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These data show a change in the membrane potential and Na(+)/K(+) permeability ratio during ooycte development from the preantral stage oocyte to the metaphase II stage. We have also demonstrated a change in the preantral oocyte membrane potential when surrounding cumulus cells are removed; either due to membrane changes or loss of cumulus cells
Implications of the PSR 1257+12 Planetary System for Isolated Millisecond Pulsars
The first extrasolar planets were discovered in 1992 around the millisecond
pulsar PSR 1257+12. We show that recent developments in the study of accretion
onto magnetized stars, plus the existence of the innermost, moon-sized planet
in the PSR 1257+12 system, suggest that the pulsar was born with approximately
its current rotation frequency and magnetic moment. If so, this has important
implications for the formation and evolution of neutron star magnetic fields as
well as for the formation of planets around pulsars. In particular, it suggests
that some and perhaps all isolated millisecond pulsars may have been born with
high spin rates and low magnetic fields instead of having been recycled by
accretion.Comment: 17 pages including one figure, uses aaspp4, accepted by Ap
Recommended from our members
Integrating Smart Ceiling Fans and Communicating Thermostats to Provide Energy-Efficient Comfort
The project goal was to identify and test the integration of smart ceiling fans and communicating thermostats. These highly efficient ceiling fans use as much power as an LED light bulb and have onboard temperature and occupancy sensors for automatic operationbased on space conditions. The Center for the Environment (CBE) at UC Berkeley led the research team including TRC, Association for Energy Affordability (AEA), and Big Ass Fans (BAF). The research team conducted laboratory tests, installed99 ceiling fans and 12 thermostats in four affordable multifamily housing sites in Californiaâs Central Valley, interviewed stakeholders to develop a case study, developed an online design tool and design guide, outlined codes and standards outreach, and published several papers.The project team raised indoor cooling temperature setpoints and used ceiling fans as the first stage of cooling; this sequencing of ceiling fans and air conditioningreducesenergy consumption, especially during peak periods, while providing thermal comfort.The field demonstration resulted in 39% measured compressor energy savings during the AprilâOctober cooling seasoncompared to baseline conditions, normalized for floor area. Weather-normalized energy use varied from a 36% increase to 71% savings, withmedian savings of 15%.This variability reflects the diversity in buildings, mechanical systems, prior operation settings, space types, andoccupantsâ schedules,preferences, and motivations. All commercial spaces with regular occupancy schedules (and twoof the irregularly-occupied commercial spaces and one of the homes) showed energy savings on an absolute basis before normalizing for warmer intervention temperatures,and 10 of 13 sites showed energy savings on a weather-normalized basis. The ceiling fans provided cooling for one site for months during hot weather when the coolingequipment failed.Occupants reported high satisfaction with the ceiling fans and improved thermal comfort. This technology can apply to new and retrofit residential and commercial buildings
Stationarity-conservation laws for certain linear fractional differential equations
The Leibniz rule for fractional Riemann-Liouville derivative is studied in
algebra of functions defined by Laplace convolution. This algebra and the
derived Leibniz rule are used in construction of explicit form of
stationary-conserved currents for linear fractional differential equations. The
examples of the fractional diffusion in 1+1 and the fractional diffusion in d+1
dimensions are discussed in detail. The results are generalized to the mixed
fractional-differential and mixed sequential fractional-differential systems
for which the stationarity-conservation laws are obtained. The derived currents
are used in construction of stationary nonlocal charges.Comment: 28 page
Semiclassical theory of magnetotransport through a chaotic quantum well
We develop a quantitative semiclassical formula for the resonant tunneling
current through a quantum well in a tilted magnetic field. It is shown that the
current depends only on periodic orbits within the quantum well. The theory
explains the puzzling evolution of the tunneling spectra near a tilt angle of
as arising from an exchange bifurcation of the relevant periodic
orbits.Comment: 4 pages, RevTeX, epsf, 2 PostScript Figures (1 with color
The instanton contributions to Yang-Mills theory on the torus: localization, Wilson loops and the perturbative expansion
The instanton contributions to the partition function and to homologically
trivial Wilson loops for a U(N) Yang-Mills theory on a torus are
analyzed. An exact expression for the partition function is obtained as a sum
of contributions localized around the classical solutions of Yang-Mills
equations, that appear according to the general classification of Atiyah and
Bott. Explicit expressions for the exact Wilson loop averages are obtained when
N=2, N=3. For general the contribution of the zero-instanton sector has
been carefully derived in the decompactification limit, reproducing the sum of
the perturbative series on the plane, in which the light-cone gauge Yang-Mills
propagator is prescribed according to Wu-Mandelstam-Leibbrandt (WML). Agreement
with the results coming from is therefore obtained, confirming the truly
perturbative nature of the WML computations.Comment: 28 pages, revtex, no figure
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