Asociación entre Trastornos Óseos Degenerativos y Acumulación de Líquido en los Recesos de la Articulación Temporomandibular

ResumenEl Objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la asociación entre presencia de líquido intra-articular y alteraciones degenerativas en las ATM de pacientes adultos con diagnóstico clínico de Trastornos Temporomandibulares, por medio de diagnóstico imagenológico, antes de iniciar su tratamiento.Material y MétodoSe reclutaron 135 pacientes consecutivos (promedio de edad = 33,3 años) que clínicamente presentan disfunciones de las ATM y que fueron examinados por medio de Resonancia Magnética (RM) y Tomografía Computada (TC). Los criterios de exclusión fueron: pacientes menores de 16 años, pacientes mayores de 65 años, pacientes portadores de prótesis dentarias removibles, con enfermedades sistémicas como gota, Osteoartrosis sistémica, hiperlaxitud ligamentaria, malformaciones anatómicas, enfermedades quísticas, tumorales, historia de trauma o cirugía de las ATM. Todos los pacientes fueron examinados utilizando el resonador magnético [Phillips Intera 1,5 T, bobina Sense Flex S Dual] en las secuencias; sagital DP-T2-Spir, coronal DP y dinámico ECHO gradiente y también fueron examinados por medio de Tomografía Computada (TC), con cortes de volúmenes-axiales y volúmenes-coronales de 625um de espesor [BrightSpeed®ELITE, General Electric, Milwaukee, USA)] tanto a boca abierta como cerrada, bajo los siguientes parámetros: FOV: 16.0cms, Algoritmo Hueso, Filtro Edge A2 y Matriz 512x512 pxs]. Los estudios imagenológicos de las ATMs formaron los siguientes ocho grupos: Grupo A: Ausencia de líquido (L) en ATM Derecha con Alteración Degenerativa (AD); Grupo B: Presencia de Líquido en ATM Derecha con AD; Grupo C: Ausencia de Líquido en ATM Izquierda con AD; Grupo D: Presencia de L en ATM Izquierda con AD; Grupo E: Ausencia de AD y Ausencia de L en ATM Derecha; Grupo F: Ausencia de AD y Presencia de L en ATM Derecha; Grupo G: Ausencia de L en ATM Izquierda; Grupo H: Presencia de L y ausencia de AD en ATM Izquierda. Los datos fueron analizados estadísticamente con la prueba Chi2 (Systat v12.0).ResultadoGrupo A: n= 61; Grupo B: n= 64; Grupo C: n= 54; Grupo D: n= 53; Grupo E; n=12; Grupo F; n=13; Grupo G: n=8 y Grupo H: n=5.ConclusiónNo existe asociación entre la presencia de líquido intra-articular y Alteraciones Degenerativas de las superficies articulares en la ATM.AbstractThe Objective of the present study was to determine the association between articular space effusion and degenerative bone disease in adult TMJ with internal derangement, previous any treatment, by images diagnosis.Materials y MethodsWere recruited 135 consecutives patients (X=33.3 years) that presented TMJ dysfunction were examined using Magnetic Resonance (MRI) [Phillips Intera 1,5 T, Sense Flex S Dual Coil] in sequences; sagital DP-T2-Spir, coronal DP and dynamic ECHO gradient and using Computed Tomography (TC) by axial-volumes slices and coronal-volumes slices of 625um of width [BrightSpeed®ELITE, General Electric, Milwaukee, USA], with the patient in open mouth and closed mouth under the next parameters: FOV: 16.0cms, Bone Algorithm, Edge Filter A2 and Matrix 512x512 pxs. The exclusion criteria was: patients below 16 years and above 65 years of age, patients using removable dental prosthetics, patients that presented systemic disease such as Gout Disease, Osteoarthrosis and hipermobility, anatomic structural alterations, Quistic or Tumor disease and TMJ surgery. The TMJ images studies formed the following eight groups: Group A: Absence of effusion (L) in right TMJ with Degenerative Disease (AD); Group B: Presence of L in right TMJ with AD; Grupo C: Absence of L in left TMJ with AD; Group D: Presence of L in left TMJ with AD; Group E: Absence of AD and absence of L in right TMJ; Group F: Absence of AD and presence of L in right TMJ; Group G: Absence of L in left TMJ; Group H: Presence of L and absence of AD in left TMJ. Data were statistically analyzed by Chi2 (Systat v12.0).ResultsGroup A: n= 61; Group B: n= 64; Group C: n= 54; Group D: n= 53; Group E; n=12; Group F; n=13; Group G: n=8 y Group H: n=5.ConclusionNo association was found between Degenerative Bone Disease and Temporo mandibular Joint Articular Space Effusion in TMJ

Performing identity: the case of the (Greek) Cypriot National Guard

Students of International Relations are taught that the modern nation-state has a monopoly on the (legitimate) use of violence. However, in the case of the Republic of Cyprus this does not seem to be the case, since its armed forces, the Cypriot National Guard (CNG), are intimately embedded within Greece’s military structure, and half the island remains under Turkish occupation. The colonization of Cyprus (1571–1960) and subsequent decolonization has led to the gradual construction of two rigid identities, Greek and Turkish, that have been institutionalized legally and imposed constitutionally. This paper seeks to answer two questions. First, how does the CNG perform and therefore constitute a ‘Greek identity’? Second, is this performance epistemically violent, hindering the formation of hybrid identities? We use autoethnography, interviews, and insights from Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of the habitus and Judith Butler’s performativity theory to explore these two questions. We argue that the CNG performs a Greek identity in three key configurations: 1) the operational link between the Greek Army and the CNG; 2) the explicit connection to both ancient and modern Greece through various CNG insignia and practices, including parades and marching songs; and 3) the entrenchment of the Greek Orthodox Church within its practices

The compressibility of the Jovian magnetosphere

The effect of the solar activity on a magnetosphere, as an external driver, can be studied via the compressibility index; this index is calculated via changes in the magnetopause due to variations in the external pressure and quantifies the overall response of the magnetosphere. The system size, composition and morphology of the magnetospheres of Jupiter and Saturn make them ideal targets for such studies. We report on a numerical study of the compressibility of the Jovian magnetosphere, using an implementation of Caudal’s iterative scheme to create an axisymmetric magnetodisc structure. We create an ensemble of models, treated as virtual observations or “crossings”, using a different system size (parametrized by the magnetopause distance) and hot plasma content (parametrized by the hot plasma index) for each case. We evaluate different methods to obtain the compressibility index and discuss the effects of the system size, compare the results with observations of the Jovian magnetosphere and with similar studies focused on the magnetosphere of Saturn. Furthermore, as a complementary step, we implement Pontius’ algorithm to update the plasma angular velocity using the equatorial magnetodisc structure in a consistent way and examine the major differences with a simple dipole model

Modelling magnetic fields and plasma flows in the magnetosphere of Jupiter

The magnetic fields of the giant planets, Jupiter and Saturn, deviate significantly from a pure magnetic dipole and the cold plasma is mostly centrifugally confined near the equator. The additional contribution of the azimuthal currents leads to the stretching of the magnetic field and the formation of a characteristic, disc-type structure known as a magnetodisc. We present here an updated version of a numerical implementation of Caudal's iterative scheme, used to create models of the magnetosphere. In particular, we include newer equatorial density, temperature and hot plasma profiles obtained from Galileo data. Finally, we describe and use an algorithm to update the angular velocity profile after the end of the iterative process, using information from the magnetodisc. We also present comparisons between the azimuthal current and plasma flow predicted by our model and those derived from spacecraft observations

The compressibility of the Jovian magnetosphere

The magnetospheres of giant planets, such as Jupiter and Saturn, are a unique type of space laboratories for magnetized plasma. Their rapid rotation, composition and size result in major differences compared to the terrestrial magnetosphere, the most prominent being the presence of a disc-type magnetic structure. Each magnetosphere responds to external or internal drivers; the most important external driver is the solar activity. The response of the magnetosphere is quantified by the ompressibility index, calculated from the magnetopause radius as a function of the total pressure. We present results of a numerical study of the compressibility of the Jovian magnetosphere, using first an numerical implementation of Caudal’s iterative scheme to create an axisymmetric magnetodisc structure. A large ensemble of models is produced and treated as virtual observations (or “crossings”). The models are created using a different system size (parametrized by the magnetopause distance) and hot plasma content (parametrized by the hot plasma index) for each case. We evaluate methods of different order to obtain the compressibility index and discuss the effects of the system size. We compare the results with observations of the Jovian magnetosphere and with similar studies focused on the magnetosphere of Saturn. A complementary step of our work is the implementation of an angular velocity correction algorithm (Pontius scheme), using the equatorial magnetodisc structure in a consistent way and examine the major differences with a simple dipole model

MANIFESTACIONES ÓSEAS DE LAS ENFERMEDADES DEGENERATIVAS DE LA ARTICULACIÓN TEMPOROMANDIBULAR DISFUNCIONADA. ESTUDIO TOMOGRÁFICO

El objetivo del presente estudio retrospectivo fue determinar el tipo y frecuencia de las alteraciones óseas degenerativas en la Articulaciones Temporo-Mandibulares (ATM) de pacientes con diagnóstico clínico de Trastorno Temporomandibular (TTM) por medio de Tomografía Computarizada (TAC)

Relationship between disk position and degenerative bone changes in temporomandibular joints of young subjects with TMD. An MRI study

This study determines the frequency and relationship between disk position and degenerative bone changes in temporomandibular joints in children and adolescent patients with internal derangement. Study design: TMJ, MRI of 88 patients were analyzed (average age: 14.7 years-old, range age: 10-18 years-old), female n=65 (73.9%) and male n=23 (26.1%). Images obtained were used to determine the frequency of disk position, joint effusion (JE) and degenerative bone changes (OA). Images were assessed by a calibrated radiologist (Kappa=0.82). Results: No significant association was found between disk displacement with reduction and degenerative bone changes (Chi2=9.894; OR= 0.375; p=0.0017), nor disk without displacement (Chi2=9.448; OR= 0.223; p=0.0021). A significant association was found between disk displacement without reduction and degenerative bone changes (Chi2=30.951; OR=6.304; p=0.0001). Conclusions: There is a significant association between disk displacement without reduction and degenerative bone changes (p=0.0001) in children and adolescent patients with TMD

Model-reduction techniques for Bayesian finite element model updating using dynamic response data

This work presents a strategy for integrating a class of model reduction techniques into a finite element model updating formulation. In particular a Bayesian model updating approach based on a stochastic simulation method is considered in the present formulation. Stochastic simulation techniques require a large number of finite element model re-analyses to be performed over the space of model parameters during the updating process. Substructure coupling techniques for dynamic analysis are proposed to reduce the computational cost involved in the dynamic re-analyses. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is demonstrated with identification and model updating applications for finite element building models using simulated seismic response data. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved