Brahmi rasayana Improves Learning and Memory in Mice

Cure of cognitive disorders such as amnesia, attention deficit and Alzheimer's disease is still a nightmare in the field of medicine. Nootropic agents such as piracetam, aniracetam and choline esterase inhibitors like Donepezil(®) are being used to improve memory, mood and behavior, but the resulting side effects associated with these agents have made their use limited. The present study was undertaken to assess the potential of Brahmi rasayana (BR) as a memory enhancer. BR (100 and 200 mg kg(−1) p.o.) was administered for eight successive days to both young and aged mice. Elevated plus maze and passive-avoidance paradigm were employed to evaluate learning and memory parameters. Scopolamine (0.4 mg kg(−1) i.p.) was used to induce amnesia in mice. The effect of BR on whole brain AChE activity was also assessed. Piracetam (200 mg kg(−1) i.p.) was used as a standard nootropic agent. BR significantly improved learning and memory in young mice and reversed the amnesia induced by both scopolamine (0.4 mg kg(−1) i.p.) and natural aging. BR significantly decreased whole brain acetyl cholinesterase activity. BR might prove to be a useful memory restorative agent in the treatment of dementia seen in elderly

Generalizing Greenwald-Khanna Streaming Quantile Summaries for Weighted Inputs

Estimating quantiles, like the median or percentiles, is a fundamental task in data mining and data science. A (streaming) quantile summary is a data structure that can process a set S of n elements in a streaming fashion and at the end, for any phi in (0,1], return a phi-quantile of S up to an eps error, i.e., return a phi'-quantile with phi'=phi +- eps. We are particularly interested in comparison-based summaries that only compare elements of the universe under a total ordering and are otherwise completely oblivious of the universe. The best known deterministic quantile summary is the 20-year old Greenwald-Khanna (GK) summary that uses O((1/eps) log(eps n)) space [SIGMOD'01]. This bound was recently proved to be optimal for all deterministic comparison-based summaries by Cormode and Vesle\'y [PODS'20]. In this paper, we study weighted quantiles, a generalization of the quantiles problem, where each element arrives with a positive integer weight which denotes the number of copies of that element being inserted. The only known method of handling weighted inputs via GK summaries is the naive approach of breaking each weighted element into multiple unweighted items and feeding them one by one to the summary, which results in a prohibitively large update time (proportional to the maximum weight of input elements). We give the first non-trivial extension of GK summaries for weighted inputs and show that it takes O((1/eps) log(eps n)) space and O(log(1/eps)+ log log(eps n)) update time per element to process a stream of length n (under some quite mild assumptions on the range of weights and eps). En route to this, we also simplify the original GK summaries for unweighted quantiles.Comment: 33 pages, 7 figures, International Conference on Database Theory 202

IS THERE ANY SIGNIFICANT CORRELATION BETWEEN AGE, SEX, BMI, CLINICAL AND ENDOSCOPIC FINDINGS IN DYSPEPSIA?

Introduction: Dyspepsia is a common complaint in clinical practice and is present in various clinical dilemmas. Though dyspeptic patient show wide spectrum of symptoms, some are found to have structural cause and others have functional cause. Aim: The aim of the study was to correlate clinical and endoscopic findings in patient with dyspepsia: and also assess correlation of H. Pylori infection with endoscopic findings. Method: The prospective observational study was conducted at tertiary care centre from July 2015 to September 2017 on total 114 cases presented with dyspepsia after considering specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. A detailed history was taken and clinical examination was carried out. All patients underwent oesophagogastroduodeno (OGD) scopy. Two endoscopic mucosal biopsies were taken from the antrum and body of the stomach for rapid urease test (RUT). Results: No correlation was observed between prevalence of dyspepsia and age, sex or body mass index (BMI). In majority of patients clinically suspected findings were confirmed on endoscopy. Majority of patients were found to have structural findings on endoscopy. In most of the subjects with positive endoscopy findings in stomach and/or duodenum had H. pylori infection. Demographic factors like smoking, alcohol, excessive consumption of coffee or tea, NSAIDs or aspirin use were found to have influencing effects on prevalence of dyspepsia. Conclusion: Structural dyspepsia is more common in our study than functional dyspepsia. Significant correlation was observed between clinical and endoscopic findings in patient with dyspepsia. Keywords: Dyspepsia; Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy; H. pylori; Gastroesophageal reflux disease

IS THERE ANY SIGNIFICANT CORRELATION BETWEEN AGE, SEX, BMI, CLINICAL AND ENDOSCOPIC FINDINGS IN DYSPEPSIA?

Introduction: Dyspepsia is a common complaint in clinical practice and is present in various clinical dilemmas. Though dyspeptic patient show wide spectrum of symptoms, some are found to have structural cause and others have functional cause. Aim: The aim of the study was to correlate clinical and endoscopic findings in patient with dyspepsia: and also assess correlation of H. Pylori infection with endoscopic findings. Method: The prospective observational study was conducted at tertiary care centre from July 2015 to September 2017 on total 114 cases presented with dyspepsia after considering specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. A detailed history was taken and clinical examination was carried out. All patients underwent oesophagogastroduodeno (OGD) scopy. Two endoscopic mucosal biopsies were taken from the antrum and body of the stomach for rapid urease test (RUT). Results: No correlation was observed between prevalence of dyspepsia and age, sex or body mass index (BMI). In majority of patients clinically suspected findings were confirmed on endoscopy. Majority of patients were found to have structural findings on endoscopy. In most of the subjects with positive endoscopy findings in stomach and/or duodenum had H. pylori infection. Demographic factors like smoking, alcohol, excessive consumption of coffee or tea, NSAIDs or aspirin use were found to have influencing effects on prevalence of dyspepsia. Conclusion: Structural dyspepsia is more common in our study than functional dyspepsia. Significant correlation was observed between clinical and endoscopic findings in patient with dyspepsia. Keywords: Dyspepsia; Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy; H. pylori; Gastroesophageal reflux disease

Survey on Wireless Intelligent Video Surveillance System Using Moving Object Recognition Technology

Video cameras are becoming a ubiquitous feature of modern life, useful for surveillance, crime prevention, and forensic evidence. We cannot solely rely upon human efforts to watch and shift through hundreds and thousands of video frames for crime alerts and forensic analysis. That is a non scalable task. We need a semi automated video analysis and event recognition system that can provide timely warnings to alert security personnel, and that can substantially reduce the search space for forensic analysis tasks. This survey describes the approach of wireless intelligent video surveillance system using moving object recognition technique. Keywords: Wireless, Video surveillance, moving object recognitio

An epidemiological study of health and morbidity profile among geriatric population in field practice area of a Medical College in Navi Mumbai

Background: Geriatric population is a very vulnerable group, potentially can suffer many kinds of illnesses “ALL AT ONCE”. There is a need for proper planning to tackle the social, financial, psychological and physical problems encountered during old age. In India, proportion of old age population is estimated to rise up to 19% by 2050.[1] Objectives: To study the socio demographic and health profile, morbidity prevalence and patterns of various diseases seen in the geriatric age group. To assess the health seeking behavior and the demand for healthcare services in geriatric population. Methodology: This is an epidemiological community based cross-sectional descriptive study on 240 participants aged 60 years and above. Study subjects were interviewed using a questionnaire followed by taking thorough health and morbidity history. General physical examination and Systemic examination was done. Morbidity pattern was analyzed and associations with various determinants were derived. Results: Out of the total 240 subjects, 208 (86.67%) had at least one morbidity and 32 (13.33%) of them dint have any. Association of different parameters with presence or absence of “presenting symptoms, morbidity and multi system morbidity” was analyzed. Variables significantly positive (P <0.25) in univariate analysis were included in multivariate analysis and binary logistic regression model was applied. Lack of sleep, reduced appetite, nutritional deficiency, low literacy, reduced physical activity and history of addictions all have significant association (P <0.05) with either physical symptoms or systemic morbidity. Conclusion: These risk factors worsen the natural aging process and hamper the process of healthy ageing. Measures must be taken to reduce these modifiable risk factors at younger age in order to prevent multi-factorial causation of chronic diseases in old age as we’re heading towards a demographic shift soon

Effect of letrozole on masculinization of Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of letrozole (a non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor) on masculinization of Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens). Different doses of letrozole 50, 100, 150 and 200 ppm (mg/kg feed) were incorporated into diet and fed for periods of 30, 40 or 50 days. Immersion treatment of letrozole at selected doses (250, 500, 750 and 1,000?g/l) for 3 h each on third, fifth and eighth day-post-hatching (dph) (Trial 1) and fourth, sixth and eighth dph (Trial 2) was given.The oral administration of letrozole for 30, 40 or 50 days did not have any significant effect on the sex ratio of B. splendens. The immersion treatment of letrozole induced 100% masculinization at 500 and 1000?g/l in trial 1, while it yielded only 66.66 and 90% male population at 500 and 1000 ?g/l in Trial 2. The dietary administration of letrozole for 30 and 50 days caused tail deformities and/or rudimentary and absence of dorsal fin. The progeny testing of males from letrozole treated (both oral and immersion) groups indicate that the sex ratio of progenies of each of the males tested did not differ significantly from that of control, indicating that all those males carried XY genotype. Letrozole treatments suppressed ovarian development (atretic oocytes were common). However, the testicular development was unaffected. The study revealed that immersion treatment of letrozole was more effective in inducing masculinization of B. splendens than the oral administration of letrozole

Intrusion Detection System using the Hybrid Model of Classification Algorithm and Rule-Based Algorithm

Intrusion detection system ID is necessary to secure the system from various intrusions. Analysis of the communication to categorize the data as useful or malicious data is crucial. The cyber security employed using intrusion detection systems should not also cause the extra time to perform the categorization. Nowadays machine learning techniques are used to make the identification of malicious data or an intrusion with the help of classification algorithms. The data set used for experimenting is KDD cup 99. The effect of individual classification algorithms can be improvised with the help of hybrid classification models. This model combines classification algorithms with rule-based algorithms. The blend of classification using machine and human intelligence adds an extra layer of security. An algorithm is validated using precision, recall, F-Measure, and Mean age Precision. The accuracy of the algorithm is 92.35 percent. The accuracy of the model is satisfactory even after the results are acquired by combining our rules inwritten by humans with conventional machine learning classification algorithms. Still, there is scope for improving and accurately classifying the attack precisely

The microbiological profile of lacrimal abscess: two decades of experience from a tertiary eye care center

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to exclusively report the microbiological spectrum of lacrimal abscess and the antibiotic sensitivity patterns of the organisms. Retrospective interventional study on 112 eyes of 112 patients who presented to the ophthalmic plastic clinic of a tertiary eye care center over a period of 23 years from January 1990 to February 2013 with lacrimal abscess were reviewed for demographic and microbiological profile. The culture results, organisms isolated, and their antibiotic sensitivity were studied. RESULTS: The mean age at presentation was 37 years. The female to male ratio was 2:1. There was no significant difference in the laterality between the right and left eyes. Gram-positive organisms were the most commonly isolated accounting for 56.3% (63/112), and the commonest species isolated was Staphylococcus aureus in 25% (28/112) of the patients. Hemophilus influenzae was the commonest gram-negative isolate accounting for 30.2% of all the gram-negative isolates. Of the patients, 10.7% (12/112) showed no organisms on smear as well as sterile cultures. Gram-positive organisms were commonly sensitive to penicillins and vancomycin whereas gram-negative organisms were sensitive to quinolones and aminoglycosides. CONCLUSIONS: Gram-positive organisms are quite common as compared to gram-negative ones in cases of lacrimal abscess. The results of this study have significant bearing on the treatment of patients with lacrimal abscess