347 research outputs found
High luminosity interaction region design for collisions inside high field detector solenoid
An innovatory interaction region has been recently conceived and realized on
the Frascati DA{\Phi}NE lepton collider. The concept of tight focusing and
small crossing angle adopted to achieve high luminosity in multibunch
collisions has evolved towards enhanced beam focusing at the interaction point
with large horizontal crossing angle, thanks to a new compensation mechanism
for the beam-beam resonances. The novel configuration has been tested with a
small detector without solenoidal field yielding a remarkable improvement in
terms of peak as well as integrated luminosity. The high luminosity interaction
region has now been modified to host a large detector with a strong solenoidal
field which significantly perturbs the beam optics introducing new design
challenges in terms of interaction region optics design, beam transverse
coupling control and beam stay clear requirements. Interaction region design
criteria as well as the luminosity results relevant to the structure test are
presented and discussed.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures, submitted to JINS
High luminosity interaction region design for collisions with detector solenoid
An innovatory interaction region has been recently conceived and realized on
the Frascati DA{\Phi}NE lepton collider. The concept of tight focusing and
small crossing angle adopted until now to achieve high luminosity in multibunch
collisions has evolved towards enhanced beam focusing at the interaction point
with large horizontal crossing angle, thanks to a new compensation mechanism
for the beam-beam resonances. The novel configuration has been tested with a
small detector without solenoidal field yielding a remarkable improvement in
terms of peak as well as integrated luminosity. The high luminosity interaction
region has now been modified to host a large detector with a strong solenoidal
field which significantly perturbs the beam optics introducing new design
challenges in terms of interaction region optics design, beam transverse
coupling control and beam stay clear requirementsComment: 3 pages, 4 figures, presented to the IPAC10 conferenc
Aplication of Frequency Map Analysis to Beam-Beam Effects Study in Crab Waist Collision Scheme
We applied Frequency Map Analysis (FMA) - a method that is widely used to
explore dynamics of Hamiltonian systems - to beam-beam effects study. The
method turned out to be rather informative and illustrative in the case of a
novel Crab Waist collision approach, when "crab" focusing of colliding beams
results in significant suppression of betatron coupling resonances. Application
of FMA provides visible information about all working resonances, their widths
and locations in the planes of betatron tunes and betatron amplitudes, so the
process of resonances suppression due to the beams crabbing is clearly seen.Comment: 11 pages, 10 figure
A regional fish inventory of inland waters in Northern Italy reveals the presence of fully exotic fish communities
The aim of the study is to present a complete and updated fish inventory of inland waters of the Emilia-Romagna region, Northern Italy, and to highlight the presence of fully exotic fish communities. Overall, based on 208 sampling locations, the observed fish fauna consisted of 45 species, 22 native and 23 exotics. A significant element of the inventory is the identification of xenodiversity hotspots (spatially clustered sites, one lowland and one upland region), where a complete substitution of native species by exotic species was observed (in total seven sites in the lowland and two sites in the upland with no native species presence). These xenodiversity hotspots were found to host specific combinations of exotic species, which may be able to constitute balanced exotic communities. The hotspots of the lowland region are located in the northeast lowland part of the territory, hosting exotic species combinations mainly composed by wels catfish (Silurus glanis Linnaeus, 1758, a large predator), common carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758, a large benthivore), crucian carp (Carassius spp., a small-bodied generalist) and other less dominant exotic species. The hotspots in the upland region were located in the southwest part of the territory and were dominated by only one exotic species (rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792)). A difference between these xenodiversity hotspots is that in the lowland the introductions were mostly unintentional and are not continued, while in the upland the introduction of rainbow trout is intentional and currently carried out by local fishermen
Da\phi ne gamma-rays factory
Gamma sources with high flux and spectral densities are the main requirements
for new nuclear physics experiments to be performed in several worldwide
laboratories and envisaged in the ELI-NP (Extreme Light Infrastructure-Nuclear
Physics) project or in the IRIDE (Interdisciplinary Research Infrastructure
with Dual Electron Linacs) proposals. The paper is focalized on an experiment
of gamma photons production using Compton collisions between the DA\Phi NE
electron beam and a high average power laser pulse, amplified in a
Fabry-P\'erot optical resonator. The calculations show that the resulting gamma
beam source has extremely interesting properties in terms of spectral density,
energy spread and gamma flux comparable (and even better) with the last
generation gamma sources. The energy of the gamma beam depends on the adopted
laser wavelength and can be tuned changing the energy of the electron ring. In
particular we have analyzed the case of a gamma factory tunable in the 2-9 MeV
range. The main parameters of this new facility are presented and the
perturbation on the transverse and longitudinal electron beam dynamics is
discussed. A preliminary accelerator layout to allow experiments with the gamma
beam is presented with a first design of the accelerator optics.Comment: 26 pages, 15 figure
Folding mechanisms steer the amyloid fibril formation propensity of highly homologous proteins
Significant advances in the understanding of the molecular determinants of fibrillogenesis can be expected from comparative studies of the aggregation propensities of proteins with highly homologous structures but different folding pathways. Here, we fully characterize, by means of stopped-flow, T-jump, CD and DSC experiments, the unfolding mechanisms of three highly homologous proteins, zinc binding Ros87 and Ml153-149 and zinc-lacking Ml452-151. The results indicate that the three proteins significantly differ in terms of stability and (un)folding mechanisms. Particularly, Ros87 and Ml153-149 appear to be much more stable to guanidine denaturation and are characterized by folding mechanisms including the presence of an intermediate. On the other hand, metal lacking Ml452-151 folds according to a classic two-state model. Successively, we have monitored the capabilities of Ros87, Ml452-151 and Ml153-149 to form amyloid fibrils under native conditions. Particularly, we show, by CD, fluorescence, DLS, TEM and SEM experiments, that after 168 hours, amyloid formation of Ros87 has started, while Ml153-149 has formed only amorphous aggregates and Ml452-151 is still monomeric in solution. This study shows how metal binding can influence protein folding pathways and thereby control conformational accessibility to aggregation-prone states, which in turn changes aggregation kinetics, shedding light on the role of metal ions in the development of protein deposition diseases
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