Practical guidelines on the application of migration modelling for the estimation of specific migration

The aim of this practical guidance document is to assist the users of the described diffusion models to predict conservative, upper bound specific migration values from plastic food contact materials for compliance purposes. Explanatory guidance tables and practical examples of migration modelling are provided. This document is an updated version of the report "Estimation of specific migration by generally recognised diffusion models in support of EU Directive 2002/72/EC" (Simoneau, 2010) concerning the current legal basis (Regulation (EU) No 10/2011) and the use of migration models for the estimation of specific migration from plastic multi-layers. This document represents the current validity of the models based on constant periodical evaluations of new experimental migration data performed by the Task Force on Migration Modelling chaired by the Directorate General Joint Research Centre of the European Commission on behalf of Directorate General Health and Consumers. The members of the Task Force are R. Brandsch, C. Dequatre, E.J. Hoekstra, P. Mercea, M.R. Milana, A. Schäfer, C. Simoneau, A. Störmer, X. Trier and O. Vitrac.JRC.I.1-Chemical Assessment and Testin

Evaluation of liquefaction potential in an intermountain Quaternary lacustrine basin (Fucino basin, central Italy)

In this study, we analyse the susceptibility to liquefaction of the Pozzone site, which is located on the northern side of the Fucino lacustrine basin in central Italy. In 1915, this region was struck by a M 7.0 earthquake, which produced widespread coseismic surface effects that were interpreted to be liquefaction-related. However, the interpretation of these phenomena at the Pozzone site is not straightforward. Furthermore, the site is characterized by an abundance of fine-grained sediments, which are not typically found in liquefiable soils. Therefore, in this study, we perform a number of detailed stratigraphic and geotechnical investigations (including continuous-coring borehole, CPTu, SDMT, SPT, and geotechnical laboratory tests) to better interpret these 1915 phenomena and to evaluate the liquefaction potential of a lacustrine environment dominated by fine-grained sedimentation. The upper 18.5 m of the stratigraphic succession comprises fine-grained sediments, including four strata of coarser sediments formed by interbedded layers of sand, silty sand and sandy silt. These strata, which are interpreted to represent the frontal lobes of an alluvial fan system within a lacustrine succession, are highly susceptible to liquefaction. We also find evidence of paleo-liquefaction, dated between 12.1–10.8 and 9.43–9.13 kyrs ago, occurring at depths of 2.1–2.3 m. These data, along with the aforementioned geotechnical analyses, indicate that this site would indeed be liquefiable in a 1915-like earthquake. Although we found a broad agreement among CPTu, DMT and shear wave velocity ‘‘simplified procedures’’ in detecting the liquefaction potential of the Pozzone soil, our results suggest that the use and comparison of different in situ techniques are highly recommended for reliable estimates of the cyclic liquefaction resistance in lacustrine sites characterized by high content of fine-grained soils. In geologic environments similar to the one analysed in this work, where it is difficult to detect liquefiable layers, one can identify sites that are susceptible to liquefaction only by using detailed stratigraphic reconstructions, in situ characterization, and laboratory analyses. This has implications for basic (Level 1) seismic microzonation mapping, which typically relies on the use of empirical evaluations based on geologic maps and pre-existing sub-surface data (i.e., age and type of deposits, prevailing grain size, with particular attention paid to clean sands, and depth of the water table).Published91-1115T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismicaJCR Journa

Technical guidelines on testing the migration of primary aromatic amines from polyamide kitchenware and of formaldehyde from melamine kitchenware - 1st edition 2011

Comparability of results is an important feature of the measurements carried out for official controls purposes. In the area of food contact materials and articles comparability of results is dependent on the availability of samples representative of the consignment, the type of exposure and the test conditions used as well as on the performance of the method of analysis. These guidelines contain practical information on sampling, migration testing and methodologies for the analytical determination of primary aromatic amines and of formaldehyde. These guidelines were developed specifically in the context of the Regulation 284/2011 laying down specific conditions and detailed procedures for the import of polyamide and melamine plastic kitchenware originating in or consigned from [the] People's Republic of China and Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China. These guidelines have been prepared by the European Union Reference Laboratory in collaboration with its EU official Network of National Reference Laboratories and have been endorsed by the European Commission competent service DG Health and Consumers (DG SANCO) and its network of Member State Competent Authorities. They are primarily addressed to official control laboratories, national reference laboratories and third party laboratories for providing certificates of compliance. The sampling strategy is addressed to the points of first introduction of import goods in the EU.JRC.I.1-Chemical Assessment and Testin

Safety assessment of the substance (butadiene, styrene, methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate) copolymer cross-linked with divinylbenzene or 1,3-butanediol dimethacrylate for use in food contact materials

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Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 57, Revision 1 (FGE.57Rev1): consideration of isopulegone and three flavouring substances evaluated by JECFA (55th meeting)

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Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 302 (FGE.302): N-(2-methylcyclohexyl)-2,3,4,5,6-pentafluoro-benzamide from Chemical Group 30

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Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 7, Revision 5 (FGE.07Rev5) : saturated and unsaturated aliphatic secondary alcohols, ketones and esters of secondary alcohols and saturated linear or branched‐chain carboxylic acids from chemical group 5

Acknowledgements: The Panel wishes to thank the members of the Working Group on Flavourings: Ulla Beckman Sundh, Leon Brimer, Karl-Heinz Engel, Paul Fowler, Rainer Gürtler, Trine Husøy, Wim Mennes and Gerard Mulder for the preparatory work on this scientific opinion and the Working Group on Genotoxicity: Mona-Lise Binderup, Claudia Bolognesi, Riccardo Crebelli, Rainer Gürtler, Francesca Marcon, Daniel Marzin and Pasquale Mosesso for the preparatory work on this scientific opinion and the hearing experts: Vibe Beltoft and Karin Nørby, and EFSA staff: Maria Anastassiadou, Maria Carfi and Annamaria Rossi for the support provided to this scientific opinion.Publisher PD

Safety assessment of the mixture of methyl-branched and linear C14–C18 alkanamides, derived from fatty acids, for use in food contact materials

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Safety assessment of the process ‘EREMA Recycling (MPR, Basic and Advanced technologies)’, used to recycle post-consumer PET into food contact materials

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Safety assessment of the process ‘PEGRA-V’, based on Starlinger IV+® technology, used to recycle post-consumer PET into food contact materials

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