Ispitivanje karakteristika vršnjačkog nasilja u OISŠ „Žarko Zrenjanin“ u Subotici

Svakodnevna tendencija rasta problema vršnjačkog nasilja u školama ukazuje nam da ovom problemu treba ozbiljnije pristupiti kako bi se pronašle adekvatne metode i tehnike koje će doprineti njegovom suzbijanju. Radi boljeg razumevanja samog problema vršnjačkog nasilja u radu smo se bavili njegovim pojavnim oblicima, faktorima rizika koji doprinose njegovoj pojavi, ispitivali smo koliko je vršnjačko nasilje zastupljeno u školama, koje su karakteristike aktera vršnjačkog nasilja kao i koje se interventne i preventivne mere koriste za njegovo suzbijanje. Cilj ovog master rada bio je utvrđivanje karakteristika evidentiranih slučajeva vršnjačkog nasilja u OISŠ „Žarko Zrenjanin“ u Subotici putem kvalitativnih metoda istraživanja. Metodom teorijske analize došli smo do obrade problema vršnjačkog nasilja sa teorijskog i praktičnog aspekta, dok je deskriptivna metoda korišćena za prikaz oblika nasilja sa kojima se deca u OISŠ „Žarko Zrenjanin“ susreću kao i za prikaz interventnih i preventivnih mera koje se primenjuju u slučaju vršnjačkog nasilja. Tehnika koja je primenjena u istraživanju je intervju, a kao instrument korišćen je obrazac sa unapred definisanim redosledom pitanja koji je predstavljao osnovu za razgovor. Uzorak istraživanjaje obuhvatio sve učenike koji su bili akteri vršnjačkog nasilja u OISŠ „Žarko Zrenjanin“ u 2018. i 2019. godini. Rezultati istraživanja su nam pokazali da je u ovoj školi tokom 2019. godine zabeležen veći broj slučajeva vršnjačkog nasilja u odnosu na 2018. godinu, da su dečaci češće akteri vršnjačkog nasilja, da je fizičko nasilje dominantan oblik u zabeleženim slučajevima vršnjačkog nasilja u pomenutoj školi kao i da su pojačan vaspitni rad, individualni plan zaštite i vođenje evidencije nasilnog ponašanja interventne i preventivne mere koje se sprovode u ovoj školi kada govorimo o problemu vršnjačkog nasilja.Peer violence is showing growth every day, which tells us that we need to take this problem more seriously in order to find adequate methods and techniques that will contribute to its suppression. In order to better understand the problem of peer violence, we dealt with the manifestations of peer violence, risk factors, we examined how much peer violence is present in school, what are the characteristics of actors of peer violence, what intervention and preventive measures are used to combat it. The aim of this master thesis was to examine the characteristics of recorded cases of peer violence at school „Žarko Zrenjanin“ in Subotica through qualitative research methods. Using the method of theoretical analysis, we examined the problem of peer violence from a theoretical and practical aspect, while we used the descriptive method to show the form of violence that children encounter in school „Žarko Zrenjanin“, as well as to show interventional and preventive measures applied in cases of peer violence. The technique used in the research was an interview, and a form with a predefined sequence of questions was used as an instrument, which was the basis for the conversation. The research sample included all students who were involved in peer violence at school „Žarko Zrenjanin“ in 2018. and 2019. The results of the research showed us that in 2019 there was an increase in peer violence in this school compared to 2018, that boys are more often actors of peer violence, that physical violence is the dominant form in recorded cases of peer violence in the school and that the intensified educational work, individual protection plan and keeping records of violent behavior are intervention and preventive measures that are implemented in this school when we talk about the problem of peer violence

Left ventricular noncompaction: Clinical-echocardiographic study

Background/Aim. Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is a disorder in endomyocardial morphogenesis, seen either isolated (in the absence of other cardiac anomalies) or in association with congenital heart disease and some neuromuscular diseases. Intrauterine arrest of the compaction of myocardial fibers is postulated to be the reason of LVNC. Recognition of this condition is extremely important due to its high mortality and morbidity that lead to progressive heart failure, ventricular arrhythmias and thromboembolic events. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and clinical presentation of LVNC among consecutive outpatients according to clinical and echocardiographyic findings. Methode. A total of 3,854 consecutive patients examined at the Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases within a period January 2006 - January 2007 were included in the study. All the patients underwent echocardiographic examination using the same equipment (Vivid 7, GE Medical System). Echocardiographic parameters and clinical presentation in patients with echocardiographic criteria for LVNC were analyzed. Results. Analyzing 3,854 consecutive outpatients, using two-dimensional Color Doppler echocardiography from January 2006 to January 2007, 12 patients met the criteria for LVNC. Seven of them were male. The mean age at diagnosis was 45 ± 15 years. Analyzing clinical manifestation of LVNC it was found that seven patients had signs of heart failure, six had arrhythmias with no embolic events. Conclusion. Our results suggest that the real prevalence of LVNC may be higher than expected. New studies have to be done to solve this problem

Značaj vremena zalučivanja na telesnu masu i prirast jaradi

A group control system experiment was carried out to investigate the effect weaning time of kids on their health status and growth rate achieved up to 6 months of age. The experiment was done on kids obtained from crossbred domestic white x domestic Balkan goats and Alpino bucks. Investigations were done on a total of 120 kids, divided into 4 groups. Kids were weaned at 2 (Group 1), 20 (Group 2), 35 (Group 3), and 60 (Group 4), days. After weaning, kids in Group 1 and Group 2 were fed milk replacer containing 22% protein up to 35 days of age, while Group 3 and Group 4 were fed concentrates and hay. The lowest body weight, both by individual control periods, and at the end of the experiment, was established for kids in Group 2, weaned at 20 days of age. The also had the highest mortality. Highest body weight at this age (180 days) was found in kids in Group 4, weaned at 60 days. Established results permit the conclusion that kids can successfully be weaned as early as 35 days of age, and that weaning at an earlier age should not be done under our conditions, since it is not economically justified.Izveden je ogled po grupno-kontrolnom sistemu u cilju ispitivanja uticaja vremena odlučivanja jaradi na njihovo zdravstveno stanje kao i ostvarene priraste do uzrasta od 6 meseci. Za ogled su korišćena jarad dobijena ukrštanjem koza meleza domaće bele x domaća balkanska sa jarčevima alpino rase. Ispitivanja su izvedena na ukupno 120 jaradi, podeljenih u 4 grupe. Jarad su odlučivana u uzrastu od 2 (I grupa), 20 (II grupa), 35 (III grupa) i 60 (IV grupa) dana života. Posle odlučenja jarad I, i II grupe su napajana zamenama za mleko sa 22% proteina do uzrasta od 35 dana, dok su 3 i 4 grupa jaradi posle odlučenja hranjena koncentratom i senom. Najnižu telesnu masu, kako po pojedinim kontrolnim periodima tako i na kraju ogleda, imala su jarad II grupe koja su odlučena sa 20 dana starosti. Kod njih je istovremeno zabeležen i najveći mortalitet. Telesna masa u ovoj starosti (sa 180 dana) najveća je u jaradi IV grupe koja su odlučena u uzrastu od 60 dana. Rezultati ovih istraživanja pokazuju da je rano odlučivanje jaradi izazvalo stres praćen nižim prirastom koji je evidentiran kod prve dve grupe jaradi (a delimično i treće grupe) u prvih nekoliko dana posle odlučivanja. Kod jaradi četvrte grupe nije bilo nekih posebnih problema u periodu posle odlučenja, što je potvrđeno i rezultatima samih prirasta koji su u ovoj grupi bili najviši sve do uzrasta jaradi od 6 meseci. Mortalitet je bio izraženiji kod jaradi I i II grupe, u odnosu na druge dve, i to najčešće u periodima kada je kod oglednih grupa dolazilo do odvajanja od majki i početka napajanja zamenama za mleko

Klanični rezultati jaradi domaće balkanske koze

The paper presents the investigation of slaugher results, i.e. meat production results, in 96 kids of the domestic Balkan goat (4 herds, 24 animals per herd, 50:50 sex ratio), slaughtered at 90 days of age to determine the differences between the herds investigated and sexes (male kids vs. female ones), pertaining to the quantitative characteristics of meat. The average warm carcass dressing percentage including the head and offal for kids from all the herds investigated was 58.19%. The differences established for dressing percentage, warm, cold, and cold with and without head and offal, between the herds investigated and sexes were not statistically significant (P>0,05). Established differences between linear measurements for kid carcass halves, were statistically significant (P (lt) 0,01) between herds, whereas pertaining to the sex of kids, they were significant on both levels((P (lt) 0,01and P (lt) 0,05).Proizvodnja kozjeg mesa u svetu, iako je četiri puta manja od proizvodnje mesa ovaca, ima veliki značaj za mnoge zemlje, a naročito za zemlje Azije, Afrike i Južne Amerike. U zemljama Evropske zajednice je proizvodnja kozjeg mesa od znatno manjeg značaja i obima, a naročito u zemljama gde se gaje mlečne rase koza i u kojima je meso prateći proizvod. Mada će i u našim uslovima osnovni proizvod koza biti, uglavnom, mleko, proizvodnja mesa se ne sme zanemariti . Treba pravilno iskoristiti visoku potencijalnu mogućnost koza za dobru plodnost. Ova sposobnost koza može jako dobro da se iskoristi pri dvokratnom jarenju, i to tamo gde je proizvodnja jarećeg mesa rentabilnija od proizvodnje mleka i gde je iz bilo kojih razloga smanjen interes za proizvodnju mleka, ili pak nema uslova za organizovano unovčavanje većih količina mleka, niti za njegovu preradu. U radu su prikazani rezultati ispitivanja uticaja ishrane na klanične rezultate tj. proizvodnju mesa kod 96 jaradi domaće balkanske koze (4 stada, po 24 jaradi u svakom stadu i odnosom polova 50:50), koja su zaklana u uzrastu od 90 dana u cilju utvrdjivanja razlika između ispitivanih stada koza i polne pripadnosti jaradi (muška i ženska grla). Prosečan randman toplog trupa sa glavom i iznutricama kod jaradi svih ispitivanih stada iznosi 58,19%. Razlike koje su utvrdjene u masi toplog i hladnog trupa sa i bez glave i iznutrica, bile su statistički značajne (P (lt) 0,01) između ispitivanih stada, dok su te razlike u odnosu na polnu pripadnost (muška i ženska grla) bile izražene na nivou P (lt) 0,05. Rezultati analize varijante pokazuju da su evidentirane razlike između utvrdjenih linearnih mera na polutkama jaradi, bile statistički signifikantne (P (lt) 0,01) među stadima, dok su u odnosu na polnu pripadnost jaradi one bile značajne na oba nivoa (P (lt) 0,01 i P (lt) 0,05)

Uticaj laktacije po redu i telesne mase na prinos mleka i osobine plodnosti domaće balkanske koze

The goal of investigation in the domestic Balkan goat was to establish the effect of body weight and lactation number on milk yield and fertility. Research was done in herds belonging to private farmers, during a one-year period, on a total of 578 goats. Investigated herds were monitored also by lactation number, i.e. kidding number (lactations 1,2 and 3 individually, lactation 4 and following lactations investigated together). Body weight and milk yield were measured, while fertility was determined as the number of live born kids per 100 goats. Goats were also sorted into groups by age and body weight, while the interval within groups and between groups was 5 kg. Average total milk yield in the investigated population of the domestic Balkan goat was 177.5 kg. A statististically significant difference (P (lt) 0,01) was established for milk yield depending on body weight and age, except for goats in lactation 1 (P (lt) 0,05). In lactation 3 and 4, goats with body weights over 45 kg, comprising 30.23% of the total number in these groups, had the highest milk yields (over 200 kg). Pertaining to lactation number, i.e. kidding number, as well as body weight in both years of investigation, lowest fertility was found in lactations 1 and 2 (112%), and in goats with lowest body weight (25-30 kg), while this considerably increased lactation 4 and later lactations (136%), and body weights of over 40 kg (140%).Cilj ovih ispitivanja je bio da se utvrdi uticaj telesne mase, kao i uzrasta tj. laktacije po redu u domaće balkanske koze na njenu proizvodnju mleka i plodnost. Istraživanja su izvedena u stadima balkanskih koza privatnih odgajivača, u toku jednogodišnjeg perioda kod ukupno 578 grla koza. Kontrola mlečnosti je izvođena dvokratno u jednakim vremenskim intervalima pri čemu su sva grla bila u A kontroli. Plodnost je determinisana kao broj živorođene jaradi na 100 koza. Koze su, takođe, podeljene u grupe prema uzrastu i telesnoj masi, pri čemu je interval unutar i između grupa bio 5 kg. Prosečna vrednost za ukupnu količinu mleka kod ispitivane populacije koza iznosi 177,56 kg,. Statistički značajna razlika (P (lt) 0,01) je utvrđena za prinos mleka u zavisnosti od telesne mase i uzrasta kod svih ispitivanih grupa, izuzev za koze u prvoj laktaciji (P (lt) 0,05). U 3 i 4 laktaciji po redu, koze sa telesnom masom preko 45 kg, koje učestvuju sa 30.23% od ukupnog broja grla u ovoj grupi, imale su najveći prinos mleka (preko 200 kg). U zavisnosti od laktacije po redu tj., jarenja po redu, kao i telesne mase u obe godine istraživanja, najniža plodnost je ustanovljena u 1 i 2 laktaciji po redu (112%) i to kod koza sa najnižom telesnom masom (od 25-30 kg), dok se ona idući ka četvrtoj i kasnijim laktacijama po redu (136%) i telesnoj masi preko 40 kg (140%) znatno povećava. Statistički značajna razlika na nivou P (lt) 0,01, kada je u pitanju plodnost koza u zavisnosti od uzrasta tj. laktacije po redu i telesne mase utvrđena je kod svih ispitivanih grupa, izuzev kod koza u drugoj laktaciji (P (lt) 0,05)

Tehnologija i kvaliteta skorupa - tradicionalnog crnogorskog mliječnog proizvoda

Skorup is Montenegrin traditional dairy product. Its main characteristics are extremely high content of milk fat and centuries-old technology. Due to the specific technology, high nutritional value and its historical heritage, Skorup deserves to be labelled as product with protected designation of origin (PDO) or protected geographical indication (PGI). The purpose of this study was to collect the most important data about Skorup technology and quality and to launch the process of protection. The chemical quality of raw milk was analysed using IR spectrophotometry, the number of somatic cells and total bacteria count by flow cytometry, and Skorup composition by FTIR spectrophotometry. The presence of Escherichia coli, coagulase positive staphylococci and aerobic mesophilic bacteria in Skorup was detected by standard broth base methods. All Skorup samples contained more than 80 % of fat in dry matter, more than 70 % dry matter, approximately 60 % milk fat and 6 % proteins. The sensory characteristics of all samples were excellent, and according to sensory classification, they belong to the highest classes (I and IA). However, five out of twenty samples did not meet requirements for hygienic quality, which implies the urgent need for improvement of hygiene conditions during its production.Skorup je crnogorski tradicionalni mliječni proizvod. Njegove glavne karakteristike su izuzetno visok udjel mliječne masti i stoljećima stara tehnologija. Zbog specifične tehnologije, visoke hranjive vrijednosti i povijesne baštine, skorup zaslužuje da bude zaštićen kao PDO ili PGI. Svrha ovog istraživanja je prikupiti najvažnije podatke o tehnologiji skorupa i njegovoj kvaliteti kako bi se inicirao postupak zaštite. Kemijska kvaliteta sirovog mlijeka analizirana je pomoću IR spektrometrije, broj somatskih stanica i broj mikroorganizama protočnom citometrijom, a sastav skorupa FTIR spektrofotometrijom. Prisutnost Escherichia coli, koagulaza pozitivne stafilokoke i aerobnih mezofilnih bakterija u skorupu određena je standardnim mikrobiološkim metodama. Svi uzorci skorupa su sadržavali više od 80 % masti u suhoj tvari, više od 70 % suhe tvari, i oko 60 % mliječne masti i 6 % proteina. Prema senzorskoj ocjeni i klasifikaciji, svi uzorci su odlične kvalitete i pripadaju I i IA klasi. No, pet od dvadeset uzoraka nije zadovoljilo uvjete higijenske kvalitete, što ukazuje da je neophodno raditi na poboljšanju higijenskih uvjeta tijekom njegove proizvodnje

Uticaj zastupljenosti kadmijuma i arsena u obroku na proizvodne i reproduktivne osobine koza

Animals require microelements in small quantities, and they play a role in virtually all physiological and biochemical processes. The role of microelements is important role from bone structure to maintaining the structure of proteins and lipids. Microelements are provided to animals in food, by special supplementation (premixes), or in water. In addition to essential minerals, which are regularly used in goat nutrition, there are 10 other elements present in traces (mg/kg or ppm) which are also indispensable for the goat's organism, as follows: Fe, J, Cu, Zn, Mn, Co, Mo, Se, Cr, F. In addition to these, following elements have also been identified in goats' tissues: Al, B, Ge, Cd, As, Pb, Hg, Ru, and Nb, however their significance for the organism of goats has still not been established. Their lack in goat nutrition may to a large extent contribute to lower yields and bad health.Mikroelementi su životinjama potrebni u malim količinama i učestvuju u skoro svim fiziološkim i biohemijskim procesima. Počev od strukture kostiju pa do održavanja strukture proteina i lipida, mikroelementi igraju važnu ulogu. Obezbeđenje životinja sa mikroelementima obavlja se putem hrane, posebnim dodavanjem (putem predsmeša) ili putem vode. U intenzivnoj proizvodnji njihovo dodavanje je obavezno, jer se samo tako mogu obezbediti u dovoljnim količinama za optimalno zdravstveno stanje i proizvodne rezultate. Osim esencijalnih minerala, koji se redovno koriste u ishrani koza, postoji još 10 elemenata prisutnih u tragovima (mg/kg ili ppm) koji su takođe, neophodni za organizam koza, a to su: Fe, J, Cu, Zn, Mn, Co, Mo, Se, Cr, F. Pored navedenih, u tkivima koza identifikovani su još i: Al, B, Ge, Cd, As, Pb, Hg, Ru, i Nb, za koje još nije utvrđeno u kojoj su meri neophodni u organizmu koza. Njihov nedostatak u ishrani koza u velikoj meri može doprineti nižoj proizvodnji i lošem zdravstvenom stanju

Sadržaj teških metala i bioakumulacijski potencijal nekih samoniklih jestivih gljiva

The concentration of Fe, Zn and Cu in ten edible mushrooms in Medvednica Nature Park was determined. The similarity between the studied species was deterimend by cluster analysis based on concentrations of the aforementioned metals in the fruit bodies. The analyses of heavy metals were carried out by X – ray fluorescence spectormetry. The highest concentration of Fe (153.96 mg kg–1) was determined in Tricholoma portentosum, and the highest concentration of Zn (90.60 mg kg–1) was determined in Tricholoma terreum. The highest concentration of Cu was determined in Macrolepiota procera (78.18 mg kg–1). The concentrations of Zn and Cu significantly differed (p<0.05; p<0.001) between examined saprophytic and ectomycorrhizal mushrooms. A considerably higher concentration of the analysed elements was found in the cap than in the stipe for all mushroom species. All mushrooms species were bio-exclusors of Fe in relation to the underlying soils. Cluster analysis performed on the basis of the bioaccumulation of the studied metals revealed great similarity of mushroom species belonging to the same genus and partial similarity of species of the same ecological affiliation.Predmetnim istraživanjem utvrđivana je koncentracija Fe, Zn i Cu u deset samoniklih jestivih vrsta gljiva Parka prirode Medvednica. Sličnost između ispitivnih vrsta gljiva ustanovljena je klaster analizom na temelju koncentracije navedenih metala u plodnom tijelu gljiva. Analiza teških metala provedena je metodom XRF – rentgenske fluoroscentne spektrometrije. Najveća koncentracija Fe od 153.96 mg kg–1 utvrđena je u Tricholoma portentosum, dok je najveća koncentracija Zn od 90.60 mg kg–1 ustanovljena u vrsti Tricholoma terreum. Najveća koncentracija Cu utvrđena je u vrsti Macrolepiota procera (78.8 mg kg–1). Analizom teških metala u gljivama ustanovljene su značajne razlike (p<0.05; p<0.001) u koncentraciji Zn i Cu između saprofitskih i ektomikoriznih vrsta gljiva. Utvrđena je znatno veća koncentracija ispitivanih metala u klobuku u odnosu na stručak. Sve istraživane vrste gljiva isključene su kao mogući bioindikatori onečišćenja okoliša željezom. Klaster analiza provedena na temlju koncentracije teških metala u gljivama otkrila je veliku sličnost vrsta gljiva koje pripadaju istom rodu i djelomične sličnosti vrsta iste ekološke pripadnosti