Current status of cosmological MDM model

An analysis of cosmological models in spatially flat Friedmann Universe with cosmic gravitational wave background and zero $\Lambda$-term is presented. The number of free parameters is equal to 5, they are $\sigma_8$, $n$, $\Omega_\nu$, $\Omega_b$, and $h$. The normalization of the spectrum of density perturbations on galaxy cluster abundance ($\sigma_8 = 0.52\pm 0.04$) has been used to calculate numerically the value of the large scale CMB anisotropy ($\ell\simeq 10$) and the relative contribution of cosmological gravitational waves T/S. Increasing $\Omega_\nu$ weaken the requirements to the value of T/S, however even for $\Omega_\nu\le 0.4$ the models with $h+n\ge 1.5$ suggest considerable abundance of gravitational waves: T/S${}^>_\sim 0.3$. In models with $\Omega_\nu\le 0.4$ and scale-invariant spectrum of density perturbations ($n=1$): T/S${}^>_\sim 10(h-0.47)$. Minimization of the value T/S is possible only in the range of the red spectra ($n<1$) and small $h$ ($<0.6$). It is shown that the models with T/S$\in [0, 3]$ admit both moderate red and blue spectra of density perturbations, $n\in[0.9,1.2]$, with rather high abundance hot dark matter, $\Omega_\nu\in [0.2,0.4]$. Any condition, $n<0.9$ or $\Omega_\nu<0.2$, decreases the relative amplitude of the first acoustic peak for more than 30% in comparison with its hight in the standard CDM normalized by COBE data.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures included; contribution to the Proceedings of Moriond 2000 "Energy Densities in the Universe", Les Arcs, France, January 22-29 200

СОВРЕМЕННАЯ ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ И ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА КОКЛЮША В МОСКВЕ

The goal of the study was the identification of epidemiological features of whooping cough and assessment of economic losses due to this disease in Moscow.Materials and methods. The retrospective descriptive epidemiological research is conducted. The statistical data on incidence of whooping cough in the Russian Federation and in Moscow from 2009 to June, 2018, the reports on registration of whooping cough cases as well as the results of laboratory testing on whooping cough in Moscow in 2017 have been studied. The general losses from whooping cough in Moscow in 2017 have been calculated.Results. The whooping cough incidence in Moscow considerably influences a situation on this infection in the country in general as more than 20% of all cases of whooping cough in Russia are registered in the capital, where the incidence exceed by 1.5–2.5 times the average country level. The incidence of whooping cough among children of 7–14 years and the share of this group of population in the structure of the whooping cough cases have increased in Moscow, and outbreaks of pertussis at schools are observed. In Moscow the general losses due to whooping cough in children of 7–14 years in 2017 were estimated as 19.72 million rubles. High performance of vaccinal prevention of whooping cough is confirmed: in Moscow in 2017 the coefficient of epidemiological efficiency of vaccination among children of 6-12 months was 97.7%, among children at the age of 1 year – 82.6%, 2 years -79.9%, 3 years – 74.9%. Weighted average of direct loss from a case of whooping cough was estimated as 31182.2 rubles. The general losses due to whooping cough in Moscow in 2017 were 67.88 million rubles.Conclusion. It is necessary to take additional measures for vaccinal prevention of whooping cough at children of school age and to support the high level of coverage by timely immunization of children of the first year of life. For assessment of economic feasibility of vaccinal prevention of whooping cough it is necessary to consider the size of economic losses due to this disease.Цель: выявление эпидемиологических особенностей коклюша и оценка экономического ущерба от этой болезни в Москве.Материалы и методы. Проведено ретроспективное описательное эпидемиологическое исследование. Изучены статистические данные о заболеваемости коклю- шем в Российской Федерации и в г. Москве за 2009 г. – июнь 2018 г., донесения о регистрации случаев заболе- вания коклюшем, а также результаты лабораторных исследований на коклюш в г. Москве в 2017 г. Рассчитан общий ущерб от коклюша в Москве в 2017 г.Результаты. Состояние заболеваемости коклюшем в Москве значительно влияет на ситуацию по этой инфекции в стране в целом, поскольку в столице регистрируется более 20% всех случаев коклюша в России, а показатели заболеваемости в 1,5–2,5 раза превышают среднероссийский уровень. В Москве наблюдается рост заболеваемости коклюшем и увеличение доли детей 7–14 лет в структуре заболевших, а также формирование вспышек коклюша в школах. Общий ущерб вследствие заболевания коклюшем детей в возрасте 7–14 лет в 2017 г. в Москве составил 19,72 млн руб. Подтверждена высокая эффективность вакцинопрофилактики коклю- ша: в Москве в 2017 г. коэффициент эпидемиологической эффективности вакцинации составил среди детей 6–12 мес. 97,7%, среди детей в возрасте 1 года – 82,6%, 2 лет – 79,9%, 3 лет – 74,9%. Средневзвешенная вели- чина прямого ущерба от случая заболевания коклюшем составила 31182,2 руб. Ущерб от коклюша в Москве в 2017 г. составил 67,88 млн руб.Заключение. Необходимо принять дополнительные меры по вакцинопрофилактике коклюша у детей школьного возраста и поддерживать высокий уровень охвата своевременными прививками детей первого года жизни. При оценке экономической целесообразности вакцинопрофилактики коклюша следует учитывать величину экономического ущерба от этой инфекции

Lambda-inflation and CMB anisotropy

We explore a broad class of three-parameter inflationary models, called the $\Lambda$-inflation, and its observational predictions: high abundance of cosmic gravitational waves consistent with the Harrison-Zel'dovich spectrum of primordial cosmological perturbations, the non-power-law wing-like spectrum of matter density perturbations, high efficiency of these models to meet current observational tests, and others. We show that a parity contribution of the gravitational waves and adiabatic density perturbations into the large-scale temperature anisotropy, T/S $\sim 1$, is a common feature of $\Lambda$-inflation; the maximum values of T/S (basically not larger than 10) are reached in models where (i) the local spectrum shape of density perturbations is flat or slightly red ($n_S{}_\sim^< 1$), and (ii) the residual potential energy of the inflaton is near the GUT scale ($V_0^{{1/4}} \sim 10^{16} GeV$). The conditions to find large T/S in the paradigm of cosmic inflation and the relationship of T/S to the ratio of the power spectra, $r$, and to the inflationary $\gamma$ and Hubble parameters, are discussed. We argue that a simple estimate, T/S$\simeq 3r\simeq 12\gamma \simeq (\frac{H}{6\times 10^{13}{\rm GeV}})^2$, is true for most known inflationary solutions and allows to relate straightforwardly the important parameters of observational and physical cosmology.Comment: 29 pages, 3 figures include

Review of scientific topics for Millimetron space observatory

This paper describes outstanding issues in astrophysics and cosmology that can be solved by astronomical observations in a broad spectral range from far infrared to millimeter wavelengths. The discussed problems related to the formation of stars and planets, galaxies and the interstellar medium, studies of black holes and the development of the cosmological model can be addressed by the planned space observatory Millimetron (the "Spectr-M" project) equipped with a cooled 10-m mirror. Millimetron can operate both as a single-dish telescope and as a part of a space-ground interferometer with very long baseline.Comment: The translation of the original article in Physics Uspekhi http://ufn.ru/ru/articles/2014/12/c

On creating mass/matter by extra dimensions in the Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity

Kaluza-Klein (KK) black hole solutions in the Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet (EGB) gravity in $D$ dimensions obtained in the current series of the works by Maeda, Dadhich and Molina are examined. Interpreting their solutions, the authors claim that the mass/matter is created by the extra dimensions. To support this claim, one needs to show that such objects have classically defined masses. We calculate the mass and mass flux for 3D KK black holes in 6D EGB gravity whose properties are sufficiently physically interesting. Superpotentials for arbitrary types of perturbations on arbitrary curved backgrounds, recently obtained by the author, are used, and acceptable mass and mass flux are obtained. A possibility of considering the KK created matter as dark matter in the Universe is discussed.Comment: 15 pages, no figures, minor changes related to the Journal publication with adding two references in footnote