287 research outputs found
An Emerging Model for a Farmer Information and Advisory Service for Russia
The breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 resulted in the collapse of the centralized βcommand and controlβ agricultural information system that told farmers what to plant, when to plant it, and where to deliver the harvest. During the 1990s, a new βFarmer Information and Advisory Serviceβ was launched as part of World Bank and other donor projects. This resulted in the creation of a number of different regional services, some connected with universities, some with agricultural administrations, and some with training institutes. These really constitute βfragmentsβ created to suit regional needs rather than potential models for a future national agricultural communication and extension system. However, important lessons have been learned from these experiments. Using experiences from other countries and Russiaβs recent experiences, a model for a new agricultural communication and extension system is proposed that would fit Russiaβs unique agricultural structure and extensive geography
The temporal evolution of the kinetic drift-Alfven instability of plasma shear flow
The linear non-modal kinetic theory of the kinetic drift-Alfven instability
of plasma shear flows reveals the temporal non-modal growth with growing with
time growth rate. The turbulent scattering of the sheared modes on ions
accelerates this growth. The instability ceases its growth when the coupling of
the drift and Alfven waves violates due to the changing with time frequencies
of the drift and Alfven waves in shear flow.Comment: 18 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1208.618
Ion-temperature-gradient sensitivity of the hydrodynamic instability caused by shear in the magnetic-field-aligned plasma flow
Bioenergetic status and hypoxia in Lewis lung carcinoma assessed by 31P NMR spectroscopy: correlation with tumor progression
Aim: Π’o evaluate the hypoxia level and some indices of Lewis lung carcinoma energy metabolism by means of 31Π NMR spectroscopy in perchloric acid (PCA) tissue extracts during growth of primary tumor and metastasis. Πaterials and Methods: C57Bl/6 mice-bearing Lewis lung carcinoma were used in this study. Tumor energy metabolism was studied by 31P NMR spectroscopy and the metabolic NMR ratios were used as parameters for metabolic status and hypoxia level. Results: It was shown that growth of primary tumor is accompanied with increase of Pi/PCr, Pi/bNΠ’P and PME/bNΠ’P ratios that reflect drop of tumor energy status and oxygenation level in tumor tissue. These changes in relevant metabolic ratios correlate with enlargement of primary tumor volume (r = 0.87, p = 0.0045; r = 0.90, p = 0.0012; r = 0.764, p = 0.05, respectively) as well as with the number of lung metastases (rs = 0.761, p = 0.028; rs = 0.86, p = 0.0049; rs = 0.77, p = 0.040, respectively). Conclusion: In present study it was shown that 31Π NMR spectroscopy of PCA tumor tissue extracts may be used as reliable method for the assessment of the level of oxygenation as well as changes in energy metabolism in the experimental tumors. It may be helpful to evaluate the energy status of human tumors by investigation both of biopsy and surgical specimens. Hypoxia and hypoxia-associated metabolic events in primary tumor are linked with malignant progression, in particular metastasis.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ: ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΡΡΠΈΡ
Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ 31Π Π―ΠΠ -ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡ
Π»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
(Π Π‘Π) ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈ Π΅Π΅
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ. ΠaΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ: ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π² ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ C57Bl/6 Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
ΠΡΡΠΈΡ. ΠΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π―ΠΠ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ, oΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ: ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ,
ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Pi/PCr, Pi/Ξ²NΠ’P and PME/Ξ²NΠ’P Π² ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ
ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ³Π΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ
Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ (r = 0,87, p = 0,0045; r =
0,90, p = 0,0012; r = 0,764, p = 0,05 ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ) ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ² Π² Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ
(rs
= 0,761, p = 0,028; rs
= 0,86,
p = 0,0049; rs
= 0,77, p = 0,040 ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ). ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ: ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ 31Π Π―ΠΠ -ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ PCA ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ Π½Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ³Π΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ° ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ. ΠΡΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°, Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π°. ΠΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡ-Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°
Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠΎ Π·Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, Π² ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ
Mechanochemistry and solubilization of drugs
The results on solubilization of poorly water-soluble drugs,
indomethacin, piroxicam, and meloxicam, with the help of
mechanochemical methods are presented. The mechanocomposites
of the drugs with various excipients, including soluble
polymers and non-soluble fine porous inorganic oxides, were
obtained by co-grinding using vibrational and planetary
centrifugal mills. The samples obtained revealed higher release rate and apparent solubility of the drugs with respect to the initial ones. Nevertheless, in some cases, e.g. for composites of piroxicam with alumina and ferric oxide, decreasing the release rate and solubility of the drug was observed suggesting the formation of poorly soluble strong drug - carrier associates
Influence of reagents mixture density on the radiation-thermal synthesis of lithium-zinc ferrites
Influence of Li[2]CO[3]-ZnO-Fe[2]O[3] powder reagents mixture density on the synthesis efficiency of lithium-zinc ferrites in the conditions of thermal heating or pulsed electron beam heating was studied by X-Ray diffraction and magnetization analysis. The results showed that the including a compaction of powder reagents mixture in ferrite synthesis leads to an increase in concentration of the spinel phase and decrease in initial components content in lithium-substituted ferrites synthesized by thermal or radiation-thermal heating
Effect of powder compaction on radiation-thermal synthesis of lithium-titanium ferrites
Effect of powder compaction on the efficiency of thermal and radiation-thermal synthesis of lithium-substituted ferrites was investigated by X-Ray diffraction and specific magnetization analysis. It was shown that the radiation-thermal heating of compacted powder reagents mixture leads to an increase in efficiency of lithium-titanium ferrites synthesis
Effect of waste materials on acoustical properties of semi-dense asphalt mixtures
Among the urban societal burdens rolling noise generation from tire pavement interaction and urban waste stand apart. Many urban waste materials can be used in pavements with comparable mechanical performance. Noise-related pavement characteristics such as porosity, sound absorption and surface texture, were measured for semi-dense low noise pavement mixtures using urban waste materials namely: recycled concrete aggregates, crumb rubber, polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene. The results show that the use of these materials is a viable sustainable option for low noise pavements, however that may affect the noise reduction properties. With values around 0.2 at 1000 Hz, the sound absorption of all the mixtures is relatively low and the use of mean profile depth (MPD) alone is not enough to characterize the noise reduction properties. Surface texture was altered in different degrees depending on the waste material used. The results presented can aid in policy pertaining to noise abatement and waste reduction
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