Potencijalna korist meteoroloških informacija u prometu

U uvodu se ukazuje na ulogu i značaj meteorološke službe u valorizaciji prometa Republike Hrvatske. U drugom poglavlju daju se ciljevi i nabrajaju korisnici meteoroloških informacija u prometu, objašnjava priroda korisničkih zahtjeva i njihova identifikacija, vrste i sadržaj meteoroloških informacija, odnos korisnika prema ovim informacijama, te načini ostvarenja potencijalnih koristi u prometu. U trećem poglavlju obrazlaže se potreba upoznavanja meteorologa s djelatnostima korisnika informacija te osposobljavanje korisnika, i svih onih koji po prirodi posla dolaze u dodir s meteorološkim informacijama na putu od meteorologa do korisnika, kako bi se one optimalno koristile. U četvrtom poglavlju prikazan je sastav simulacijskog modela za istraživanje i primjenu potencijalnih koristi meteoroloških informacija u prometu, te se ukratko opisuje metodologija za njihovo efikasno korištenje od strane korisnika primjenom cost/benefit analize na jednostavnom primjeru

Low Exercise Capacity Increases the Risk of Low Cognitive Function in Healthy Young Men Born Preterm: A Population-Based Cohort Study

<div><p>Background</p><p>Preterm birth is a risk factor for decreased exercise capacity and impaired cognitive functions in later life. The objective of this study was to disentangle the associations between preterm birth, physical fitness and cognitive performance in young adulthood.</p><p>Methods</p><p>This population-based cohort study included 218,802 young men born in Sweden 1973–1983. Data on birth characteristics was obtained from the Medical Birth Register and linked to exercise capacity assessed by ergometer cycling and cognitive tests performed at conscription for military service in 1993–2001. Cognitive performance was assessed using stanine (STAndard NINE) scores. The results were adjusted for socioeconomic factors.</p><p>Results</p><p>Exercise capacity was positively associated with cognitive performance across all gestational ages. The sub-group of men who were born extremely preterm (gestational age <28 weeks) and had low exercise capacity exhibited the lowest odds ratio (OR = 0.26, 95%CI:0.09–0.82) of having a cognitive function above the mean stanine score (2.9) for men born at term with normal birth weight. Men born extremely preterm with a high exercise capacity had similar or even higher ORs for cognitive function (OR = 0.59; 95% CI:0.35–0.99) than men born at term with low W_max (OR = 0.57; 95% CI:0.55–0.59).</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Physical fitness is associated with higher cognitive function at all gestational ages, also in young men born extremely preterm. Targeting early physical exercise may be a possible intervention to enhance cognitive performance and educational achievements in populations at risk, such as childhood and adult survivors of preterm birth.</p></div

Description of perinatal and adult characteristics of the study cohort and of those excluded because of missing register data.

<p>Description of perinatal and adult characteristics of the study cohort and of those excluded because of missing register data.</p

Formation of the study cohort.

<p>All men who were registered in both the Medical Birth Register (MBR) and the Conscript Register formed the primary cohort. Men who did not perform the exercise or the IQ test were excluded as well as men with missing data in the Population and Housing Census. Finally, subjects with data in the MBR which were judged as misclassified were excluded.</p

Mean stanine scores and Odds Ratios (OR) for cognitive function >2.9 in relation to Gestational age (GA), Birth Weight Standard Deviation Score (BWSDS) and maximal exercise capacity (W_max).

<p>Mean stanine scores and Odds Ratios (OR) for cognitive function >2.9 in relation to Gestational age (GA), Birth Weight Standard Deviation Score (BWSDS) and maximal exercise capacity (W_max).</p

Associations of Odds Ratio (OR) for higher cognitive function with Gestational Age (GA) and maximal exercise capacity (W_max).

<p>Men exhibiting a low exercise capacity had lower ORs for cognitive function (blue line) compared to men with average to high W_max (red line). *p<0.05.</p

Levels of phosphorylcholine antibodies (IgM anti-PC) among newborn infants with normal (normal for gestational age: NGA, n = 16) or low birth weight (small for gestational age; SGA: birth weight 2 SD or more below the reference mean, n = 7), and in their mothers.

<p>Levels of phosphorylcholine antibodies (IgM anti-PC) among newborn infants with normal (normal for gestational age: NGA, n = 16) or low birth weight (small for gestational age; SGA: birth weight 2 SD or more below the reference mean, n = 7), and in their mothers.</p

Maximal exercise capacity by parental characteristics (univariate analysis).

<p>Maximal exercise capacity by parental characteristics (univariate analysis).</p

Levels of phosphorylcholine antibodies (IgM anti-PC) in newborn infants born at term and in their mothers, stratified by normal (normal for gestational age:NGA, n = 7) or low (small for gestational age:SGA, n = 16)birth weight.

<p>IQR = inter quartile range.</p><p>Levels of phosphorylcholine antibodies (IgM anti-PC) in newborn infants born at term and in their mothers, stratified by normal (normal for gestational age:NGA, n = 7) or low (small for gestational age:SGA, n = 16)birth weight.</p

Parental characteristics of analyzed cohort vs. non-eligible subjects.

<p>Parental characteristics of analyzed cohort vs. non-eligible subjects.</p