The influence of certain ecological factors on the appearence of Hazel goruse Bonasa bonasia in Bohinj

Avtorja članka sta raziskovala vpliv nekaterih ekoloških dejavnikov na pojavljanje gozdnega jereba na osmih lokacijah v Bohinju.Na 143 popisnih točkah sta ugotovila 25 teritorialnih samcev. Poleg tega sta na podlagi naključnih opazovanj zbrala tudi 79 različnih lokacij pojavljanja vrste v Bohinju. Gozdni jerebi so naseljevali višje nadmorske višine. Osrednji del populacije je bil ugotovljen med 1280 in 1490 m n.m. Primerjava naključno in sistematično zbranih podatkov ni pokazala razlik. Delež listavcev v gozdu na pojavljanje gozdnega jereba ni imel vpliva. Večina gozdnih jerebov je bila zabeležena na ploskvah z večjim deležem iglavcev, vendar se te ploskve niso razlikovale od drugih popisnih ploskev. Delež grmovne in zeliščne plasti ter delež negozdnih površin in jas so imeli pomemben vpliv na pojavljanje gozdnegajereba. Gozdni jerebi so bili prisotni na ploskvah z večjo pokrovnostjo tako grmovne kot zeliščne plasti, kakor tudi na ploskvah z večjimdeležem negozdnih površin. Glavni razlog za pojavljanje negozdnih površin v habitatu gozdnega jereba je pašništvo. Pašništvo v obliki planin ugodno vpliva na številčnost gozdnega jereba, saj spodbuja tri pomembne komponente njegovega habitata (zvečevanje deleža jas ter deleža pokrovnosti v grmovni in zeliščni plasti).The authors of the paper studied the influence of certain ecological factors on the appearance of Hazel Grouse Bonasa bonasia in eight study areas in Bohinj. The study areas included 143 census points on which 25 territorial males were recorded. Beside that, the authors collected 79 accidental observations of Hazel Grouse, which were included in the research. Hazel Grouse prefers higher altitudes. The main part of the population was found between 1280 and 1490 m above see level. The comparison between systematicallyand accidentally obtained data showed no differences. The presence of deciduous trees in a forest proved to have no influence on the occurrence of Hazel Grouse. Most sightings of Hazel Grouse were made in plots with a higher proportion of conifers, although these plots were no different from the other study areas. The appearance of Hazel Grouse depended mostly on the presence of forest openings around census points, but also on the canopy closure in the shrub and field layers. Hazel Grouse preferred census points with a higher canopy closure in the shrub and field layers as well as a higherproportion of forest openings. Most of the forest openings in the study area are a result of Alpine dairy pastures. Such pastures possess three important components of a Hazel Grouse habitat: an increasing proportion of forest openings and of the shrub and field layers in the forest

The influence of certain ecological factors on the appearence of Hazel goruse Bonasa bonasia in Bohinj

The authors of the paper studied the influence of certain ecological factors on the appearance of Hazel Grouse Bonasa bonasia in eight study areas in Bohinj. The study areas included 143 census points on which 25 territorial males were recorded. Beside that, the authors collected 79 accidental observations of Hazel Grouse, which were included in the research. Hazel Grouse prefers higher altitudes. The main part of the population was found between 1280 and 1490 m above see level. The comparison between systematicallyand accidentally obtained data showed no differences. The presence of deciduous trees in a forest proved to have no influence on the occurrence of Hazel Grouse. Most sightings of Hazel Grouse were made in plots with a higher proportion of conifers, although these plots were no different from the other study areas. The appearance of Hazel Grouse depended mostly on the presence of forest openings around census points, but also on the canopy closure in the shrub and field layers. Hazel Grouse preferred census points with a higher canopy closure in the shrub and field layers as well as a higherproportion of forest openings. Most of the forest openings in the study area are a result of Alpine dairy pastures. Such pastures possess three important components of a Hazel Grouse habitat: an increasing proportion of forest openings and of the shrub and field layers in the forest

Agile development of secure software for small and medium-sized enterprises

Although agile methods gained popularity and became globally widespread, developing secure software with agile methods remains a challenge. Method elements (i.e., roles, activities, and artifacts) that aim to increase software security on one hand can reduce the characteristic agility of agile methods on the other. The overall aim of this paper is to provide small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) with the means to improve the sustainability of their software development process in terms of software security despite their limitations, such as low capacity and/or financial resources. Although software engineering literature offers various security elements, there is one key research gap that hinders the ability to provide such means. It remains unclear not only how much individual security elements contribute to software security but also how they impact the agility and costs of software development. To address the gap, we identified security elements found in the literature and evaluated them for their impact on software security, agility, and costs in an international study among practitioners. Finally, we developed a novel lightweight approach for evaluating agile methods from a security perspective. The developed approach can help SMEs to adapt their software development to their needs

The Ural owl, Strix uralensis macroura, in Slovenia: an overview of current knowledge on species ecology

In Slovenia the Ural Owl, Strix uralensis macroura, is on the north-western limit of its distribution with an estimated population size of 400-700 breeding pairs. The densities of territories range between 0.9 to 13.4 territories per 10 km2, and the highest densities are reached in montane forests of the southern Dinaric region. In the forests with dominant deciduous trees, e.g. Fagus sylvatica and Quercus robur, the breeding densities are significantly higher than in the forests with a higher proportion of coniferous trees, e.g. Picea abies. The species does not select specific altitude and throughout Slovenia it occurs between 150 and 1600 m a.s.l. Most natural nests were found in tree holes or semi-holes (56%) and on the tree stumps (20%). Breeding begins between 15 March to 21 June with median clutch sizes of 3.0 eggs per nest. In the brood there are 2 young and 1.5 young are fledged in median. At present 75% of nests produce at least one young. Voles and Mice are the most frequent prey in the diet, but the Fat Dormouse, Glis glis, seems to have very important role in the post-breeding period. As a top predator, the Ural Owl influences also the distribution of other owl species in the guild through direct predation or competitive exclusion. However, it could have also a positive indirect effect on smaller species, e.g. Tengmalm’s Owl, Aegolius funereus, which are tolerated within Ural Owl territories, and are able to extend their distribution due to exclusion from certain areas of the Tawny Owl, Strix aluco, by the Ural Owl

Conservationist problems regarding the rock walls above Osp (Karst edge) as a nestsite of the eagle owl Bubo bubo

Eagle Owl Bubo bubo retreats from rock walls as soon as entered by climbers. In the present article the authors attempt to establish a link between the retreat by the breeding Eagle Owl and the people climbing in the rock walls ofOsp and Mišja peč at Kraški rob (Karst edge). Climbers frequent these walls particularly in January and April when this owl is certainly most sensitive. In the walls of Osp, regular climbing began in 1980. Three years later the Eagle Owl moved to the neighbouring Mišja peč, but as climbing began to be practised here in 1986 as well, the owl moved during the following year to a less suitable nest-site nearby. The authors found a clear link between the climbers\u27 activities in rock walls and the breeding Eagle Owl\u27s retreat to substitutional nest-sites.Velika uharica Bubo bubo se iz skalnih sten umakne vselej, ko se tam zadržujejo ljudje. V delu sva želela ugotoviti povezanost med umikanjem gnezdeče velike uharice ter plezanjem v Osapskih stenah in Mišji peči na Kraškem robu. Plezalci in pohodniki so stene najpogosteje obiskovali med januarjem in aprilom, ko je velika uharica najbolj občutljiva. V Osapskih stenah so resneje pričeli s plezanjem leta 1980. Tri leta pozneje se je velikauharica umaknila v sosednjo Mišjo peč. Leta 1986 so s plezanjem pričeli tudi v Mišji peči, čemur je naslednje leto sledil umik velike uharice v manj primerno gnezdišče v bližini. Ugotovila sva povezavo med aktivnostjo ljudi v skalnih stenah in umikanjem gnezdeče velike uharica v nadomestna gnezdišča

Habitat characteristics of Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus L.) leks on Uršlja gora

V Sloveniji je bilo opravljenih le nekaj raziskav habitata rastišč divjega petelina. Taka znanja so pomembna pri določitvi in izvajanju ukrepov za ohranitev oziroma povečanje številčnosti vrste. Namen dela je bil ugotoviti sedanjo aktivnost dvajsetih znanih rastišč divjega petelina na Uršlji gori z bližnjo okolico v primerjavi s prejšnjima popisoma (Adamič, 1986Čas, 2000) in evidentirati potencialna nova. Prav tako smo želeli ugotoviti, ali so med aktivnimi in opuščenimi rastišči divjega petelina razlike v habitatnih danostih. Popise aktivnosti rastišč smo izvajali po metodi poslušanja pojočih samcev zgodaj zjutraj in beleženja znakov prisotnosti v času rastitve od 1.4. do 20.5. v letih 2019 in 2020. Habitatne značilnosti rastišč smo popisali na treh aktivnih rastiščih in treh opuščenih. Na podlagi dobljenih rezultatov smo ugotovili, da se je število aktivnih rastišč v primerjavi z letoma/če gre samo za ti leti, sicer v letih 1986 in 2000 zelo zmanjšalo (aktivnih le 30 % od vseh znanih). Na rastiščih smo v obeh letih skupno popisali približno trikrat manj aktivnih petelinov, tri neaktivne več ter 2,7-krat manj kokoši kot leta 2000. Iz tega sklepamo, da je na proučevanem območju vrsta ogrožena in lahko v naslednjih nekaj desetletjih izgine z območja, če se bo trend številčnosti še naprej manjšal. Delež opuščenih rastišč je bil večji v gozdovih z nižjo nadmorsko višino (pod 1200 m). Evidentirali nismo nobenega novega rastišča, so se pa centri aktivnih rastišč v primerjavi z zadnjim popisom spremenili v prostoru. Ugotovili smo razlike v habitatnih danostih med obema tipoma rastišč. Za aktivna rastišča je bila značilna velika pokritost tal z zeliščno plastjo (85 %, od tega 24 % jagodičja), več mravljišč, redkejši sklep sestoja (40-60 % zastrte površine), večja vidljivost pri tleh ter večji delež starejših iglastih sestojev v primerjavi z opuščenimi. Vidljivost pri tleh in delež drevesnih vrst glede na naše ugotovitve nista bistveno vplivala na aktivnost rastišč.To this day, there has been very little research regarding the exploration of habitat characteristics of capercaillie leks in Slovenia. This knowledge is crucial for discerning and exercising measures for preserving and increasing species abundance. This study aims to determine the recent activity of 20 known capercaillie leks on Uršlja Gora and its surroundings in comparison with past surveys (Adamič, 1986Čas, 2000) and to record potential new ones. We also wanted to establish any differences in habitat characteristics between active and abandoned capercaillie leks. We conducted our research with methodical listening of singing males early in the morning and taking note of their presence at the time of their mating season between 1. 4. and 20. 5. in 2019 and 2020. A survey of habitat characteristics was implemented in three active and three abandoned leks. The number of active leks has significantly decreased compared to the surveys in 1986 and 2000 (only 30 % of known leks has remained active). We documented approximately threetimes fewer active males, three times more inactive males and 2,7 times fewerfemales than in 2000. Thereupon, we conclude that the species is endangered in the study area and could disappear in the next few decades if their numbers continue to decrease. The percentage of abandoned leks was higher in forests with lower altitude (below 1200 m). We did not document any new leks, but we discovered that the centres of active leks have shifted compared to the last survey. We also discovered differences in habitat characteristics between both types of leks. Compared to abandoned leks, active leks experienced higher cover of herbaceous layer (85 %, 24 % being berries), a higher number of anthills, low canopy cover (40%60 %), higher ground level visibility and a higher percentage of old conifer stands. Ground-level visibility and percentage of different tree species did not considerably affect leks activity

Identifying Key Activities, Artifacts and Roles in Agile Engineering of Secure Software with Hierarchical Clustering

Different activities, artifacts, and roles can be found in the literature on the agile engineering of secure software (AESS). The purpose of this paper is to consolidate them and thus identify key activities, artifacts, and roles that can be employed in AESS. To gain initial sets of activities, artifacts, and roles, the literature was first extensively reviewed. Activities, artifacts, and roles were then cross-evaluated with similarity matrices. Finally, similarity matrices were converted into distance matrices, enabling the use of Ward’s hierarchical clustering method for consolidating activities, artifacts, and roles into clusters. Clusters of activities, artifacts, and roles were then named as key activities, artifacts, and roles. We identified seven key activities (i.e., security auditing, security analysis and testing, security training, security prioritization and monitoring, risk management, security planning and threat modeling; and security requirements engineering), five key artifacts (i.e., security requirement artifacts, security repositories, security reports, security tags, and security policies), and four key roles (i.e., security guru, security developer, penetration tester, and security team) in AESS. The identified key activities, artifacts, and roles can be used by software development teams to improve their software engineering processes in terms of software security