Prva dubrovačko-zagrebačka doktorska radionica Poslijediplomskog doktorskog studija Moderne i suvremene hrvatske povijesti u europskom i svjetskom kontekstu Odsjeka za povijest Filozofskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu i Poslijediplomskog doktorskog studija Povijest stanovništva Sveučilišta u Dubrovniku, Dubrovnik, 9. lipnja 2013.

S obzirom da je upravo u Historijskom zborniku (godina LX, Zagreb 2007, str. 369-380) bio predstavljen program novopokrenutog Poslijediplomskog doktorskog studija Moderne i suvremene hrvatske povijesti u europskom i svjetskom kontekstu Odsjeka za povijest Filozofskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, prikladno je u istom časopisu detaljnije predstaviti jednu od radionica koje je Doktorski studij dosad organizirao, kao dodatnu ilustraciju različitih oblika rada na tome studiju. Pritom se sada već kontinuirano izvođenoj hrvatsko-slovenskoj doktorskoj radionici dvaju doktorskih studija odsjekâ za povijest Filozofskih fakulteta u Zagrebu i Ljubljani održanoj 2012. i 2013. godine pridružila i novouspostavljena dubrovačko-zagrebačka doktorska radionica. Njezino prvo održavanje – kao rezultat poticaja prof. dr. sc. Drage Roksandića i akademika Nenada Vekarića – bit će prikazano programom Radionice i na njoj izloženim tekstovima Josipa Mihaljevića, Branimira Jankovića, dr. sc. Irene Ipšić i dr. sc. Rine Kralj-Brassard povodom predstavljanja doktorandskih zbornika radova Baltazar Bogišić i njegovo doba u intelektualnohistorijskoj perspektivi (uredili Drago Roksandić i Branimir Janković, Zagreb 2012) i Početak demografske tranzicije u Hrvatskoj (priredili Nenad Vekarić i Božena Vranješ-Šoljan, Zagreb – Dubrovnik 2009), čiji je sadržaj isto tako priložen, svjedočeći o nekim od rezultata suradničkog rada doktoranada i nastavnika kako na zagrebačkom tako i na dubrovačkom doktorskom studiju

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Magnetotransport properties ofanisotropic organic conductors (TMTTF)2ReO4 an alpha-(BEDT-TTF)2I3

U ovom su radu izloženi rezulti mjerenja otpora, magnetootpora i Hallovog efekta na anizotropnim organskim vodičima (TMTTF)2ReO4 i α- (BEDT−TTF)2I3. Mjerenja su vršena u rasponu temperatura od 140 K, odnosno 60 K do sobne temperature i u magnetskim poljima do 5 T. Rezultati mjerenja otpora (TMTTF)2ReO4 pokazuju očekivano ponašanje sa dva vidljiva fazna prijelaza uzrokovana uredenjem aniona na nižim te uredenjem naboja na višim temperaturama. Izmjerena ovisnost Hallove konstante o temperaturi usporedena je s izmjerenom ovisnošću otpora o temperaturi. Korišten je najjednostavniji, klasični teorijski model koji omjer dobivenih ovisnosti povezuje s promjenom razlike pokretljivosti šupljina i elektrona (μh − μe), a dobivene vrijednosti magnetootpora s umnoškom pokretljivosti (μhμe). Teorijski izrazi izvedeni u ovom radu pokazuju povezanost Hallove konstante, otpora i magnetootpora, te omogućuju izračunavanje vrijednosti pokretljivosti i koncentracije nosioca naboja koja se razlikuje od standardne procjene za čak tri reda veličine. Rezultati mjerenja otpora α-(BEDT−TTF)2I3 pokazuju očekivano ponašanje s naglašenim metal-izolator faznim prijelazom. Izmjerena ovisnost Hallove konstante o temperaturi usporedena je s izmjerenom ovisnošću otpora o temperaturi te je uočena približna proporcionalnost. Za temperature iznad faznog prijelaza uočeno je vrlo dobro slaganje izmjerenih vrijednosti Hallove konstante, a time i proračunatih vrijednosti koncentracije naboja s teorijski predvidenim vrijednostima za metalnu fazu dobivenim iz vrijednosti parametara kristalne rešetke. Isto teorijsko predvidanje pokazalo se približno dobro i u (TMTTF)2ReO4. Primjećena je promjena predznaka Hallove konstante u α-(BEDT−TTF)2I3 ispod temperature faznog prijeleza što ukazuje na veću pokretljivost elektrona spram pokretljivosti šupljina u izolatorskoj fazi.In this thesis we present the measurements of resistance, magnetoresistance and Hall effect of the anisotropic organic conductors (TMTTF)2ReO4 and α-(BEDT−TTF)2I3 ˙ Measurements were conducted in temperature range from 140 K i.e. 60 K respectively, to room temperature and in magnetic fields to 5 T. The results of (TMTTF)2ReO4 resistivity show the expected behavior with two visible phase transitions caused by anion ordering at lower, and charge ordering at higher temperatures. The temperature dependence of Hall constants is compared with the measured temperature dependence of resistance. We use the simplest, classical theoretical model which relates the ratio of measured dependencies with changes in difference between hole and electron mobilities (μh − μe), and also the values of magnetoresistance with product of mobilities (μhμe). Theoretical expressions derived in this work show the connection between Hall constant, resistance and magnetoresistance and also enable the calculation of charge carriers mobility and concentration which differs from standard estimate for three orders of magnitude. Measurement results of α- (BEDT−TTF)2I3 resistivity show the expected behavior with metal-insulator phase transition. The temperature dependence of Hall constants is compared with the temperature dependence of resistance and we found that they are approximatly proportional. For temperatures above the phase transition, values of Hall constants, and thereby also carrier concentrations are in very good agreement with the theoretically predicted values for metallic phase, obtained from the values of crystal lattice parameters. The same theoretical predictions also proved to be relatively good for (TMTTF)2ReO4. We found sign change of Hall constant in α-(BEDT−TTF)2I3 under phase transition temperature, indicating the higher electron mobility versus hole mobility in insulator phase

The influence of extreme floods from the River Danube in 2006 on phytoplankton communities in a floodplain lake: Shift to a clear state

AbstractThe influence of extreme floods from the River Danube in 2006 on the species composition and vertical distributions of phytoplankton was studied in a shallow floodplain lake, Lake Sakadaš (Kopački Rit Nature Park, Croatia) which in the last few decades was in a turbid state characterised by high phytoplankton concentrations. As a consequence of extremely high floods, the whole floodplain area (approximately 16km2) became one lentic habitat with well developed macrophyte vegetation. Seasonal dynamics of chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration in the lake had a characteristic pattern for the shallow lakes with dense macrophyte vegetation. Extremely low mean phytoplankton abundance and biomass were found in the conditions of very high nutrient concentrations. Dominant phytoplankton species were diatoms and chlorococcal green algae from the functional groups characteristic for a mixed environment. The canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) demonstrated that nutrients and temperature were significant environmental variables for their development. The sequence of phytoplankton seasonality, vertical distribution of phytoplankton, as well as the domination of rapidly acclimating phytoplankton forms (R-strategists) indicated clear, well-mixed conditions and a highly disturbed environment. Our results suggest that the occurrence of extreme flooding can be a stressor high enough for the transition from a turbid to a clear state of the floodplain lake. Possibly, cyclic shifts between alternative stable states in floodplain ecosystems can be expected as a consequence of the impact of extreme hydrological events induced by a climate change

Semimetallic and charge-ordered α-(BEDT-TTF)2I3: On the role of disorder in dc transport and dielectric properties

α-(BEDT-TTF)2I3 is a prominent example of charge ordering among organic conductors. In this work, we explore the details of transport within the charge-ordered as well as semimetallic phase at ambient pressure. In the high-temperature semimetallic phase, the mobilities and concentrations of both electrons and holes conspire in such a way to create an almost temperature-independent conductivity as well as a low Hall effect. We explain these phenomena as a consequence of a predominantly interpocket scattering which equalizes mobilities of the two types of charge carriers. At low temperatures, within the insulating charge-ordered phase two channels of conduction can be discerned: a temperature-dependent activation, which follows the mean-field behavior, and a nearest-neighbor-hopping contribution. Together with negative magnetoresistance, the latter relies on the presence of disorder. The charge-ordered phase also features a prominent dielectric peak which bears a similarity to relaxor ferroelectrics. Its dispersion is determined by free-electron screening and pushed by disorder well below the transition temperature. The source of this disorder can be found in the anion layers which randomly perturb BEDT-TTF molecules through hydrogen bonds

Semimetallic and charge-ordered α

$\alpha$-(BEDT-TTF)$_2$I$_3$ is a prominent example of charge ordering among organic conductors. In this work we explore the details of transport within the charge-ordered as well as semimetallic phase at ambient pressure. In the high-temperature semimetallic phase, the mobilities and concentrations of both electrons and holes conspire in such a way to create an almost temperature-independent conductivity as well as a low Hall effect. We explain these phenomena as a consequence of a predominantly inter-pocket scattering which equalizes mobilities of the two types of charge carriers. At low temperatures, within the insulating charge-ordered phase two channels of conduction can be discerned: a temperature-dependent activation which follows the mean-field behavior, and a nearest-neighbor hopping contribution. Together with negative magnetoresistance, the latter relies on the presence of disorder. The charge-ordered phase also features a prominent dielectric peak which bears a similarity to relaxor ferroelectrics. Its dispersion is determined by free-electron screening and pushed by disorder well below the transition temperature. The source of this disorder can be found in the anion layers which randomly perturb BEDT-TTF molecules through hydrogen bonds.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures, submitted to Physical Review

Prescribing practices in Southeastern Europe – focus on benzodiazepine prescription at discharge from nine university psychiatric hospitals

There is much concern about the widespread long-term use of benzodiazepines. Our manuscript addressed its use in the region of Southeastern Europe, which seems extensive, but insufficiently explored. At nine university psychiatric hospitals (Croatia, Macedonia and Serbia), we retrospectively analyzed discharge summary documents to find the prevalence of discharge benzodiazepine prescriptions and the prescribed benzodiazepine doses. This study included 1047 adult subjects and showed that 81.9% of them had benzodiazepines prescribed in the discharge summary document, with high mean daily dose of around 5 mg lorazepam equivalents. Factors associated with the prescriptions were exclusively clinical factors (diagnosis of schizophrenia spectrum disorders, more lifetime hospitalizations, psychiatric comorbidity, co-prescription of antidepressant or mood stabilizer, shorter duration of the hospitalization), while socio-demographic factors were not found to influence benzodiazepine discharge prescriptions. Similarly, factors which influenced the prescription of higher daily benzodiazepine dose were more lifetime psychiatric hospitalizations and co-prescription of antidepressant or mood stabilizer, as well as the diagnosis of mental/behavioral disorders due to substance use and co-prescribed antipsychotic. Our data are emphasizing an urgent need for guidelines and improved education of both health care professionals and patients, in order to prevent long term benzodiazepine (mis)use and related side-effects