Estudio limnológico de varios sistemas lóticos y lénticos aledaños a la reserva Yotoco Valle del Cauca, Colombia

Este trabajo es un estudio limnológico básico de cinco cuerpos de agua de la cuenca alta del río Cauca. Dos de ellos fueron ambientes lénticos (la laguna de Sonso y el embalse Calima) y tres fueron lóticos (el río Calima y las quebradas La Berreadera y El Boleo). Se ubican en los municipios de Buga, Yotoco y Calima en el Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Los muestreos se hicieron los días 15 y 16 de octubre de 2016. Como principal objetivo se buscó caracterizar cada uno de los lugares de muestreo en cuanto a sus variables morfológicas, fisicoquímicas y biológicas, por medio de la evaluación de distintas variables, tanto in situ como en laboratorio. Todo lo anterior permitió determinar las características generales y algunas específicas de las condiciones actuales de cada ecosistema acuático evaluado. Tales particularidades podrían ser relevantes en estudios de línea base, impacto ambiental, bioindicación y concientización ambiental

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Background: Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. // Methods: We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung's disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. // Findings: We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung's disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middle-income countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in low-income countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. // Interpretation: Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Ecobiometria nos modos A e B em cães da raça cocker spaniel inglês, com e sem catarata

A pesquisa foi desenvolvida visando-se a se avaliarem alterações nas dimensões de estruturas do bulbo de olho de cães da raça cocker spaniel inglês, machos e fêmeas, com e sem catarata, à ultrasonografia transcorneal nos modos A e B. Dezesseis pacientes (n = 16, 32 olhos, 10 machos, 6 fêmeas) com catarata e idade superior a 8 anos e um grupo controle sem catarata (n =7, 14 olhos, 2 manchos, 5 fêmeas) foram avaliados. Realizou-se ultrasonografia transcorneal nos modos A e B com transdutor de 10 MHz. Os dados referentes à ecobiometria, foram avaliados estatisticamente ao teste ANOVA de via única e os resultados expressos em média e desvio padrão (±DP). A incidência de catarata entre gênero foi avaliada estatisticamente ao teste de Fisher’s. O comprimento axial do bulbo do olho dos pacientes com catarata e dos do grupo controle respectivamente, foi de 19.909 ± 1,103 mm; 19,958 ± 1,050mm. Para a câmara anterior, encontraram-se 3,041 ± 0,828 mm; 3,373 ± 1,040mm, respectivamente. Para o diâmetro lenticular foram de 6,817 ± 1,117 mm; 7,062 ± 0,477mm, respectivamente, e para o segmento posterior foram 10,056 ± 0,754mm; 9,523 ± 0,705mm. Não se encontraram diferenças significativas entre olhos com catarata e os controles, tampouco entre machos e fêmeas com e sem catarata. Tampouco foi encontrada diferença em quanto à incidência das cataratas entre ambos os sexos (P > 0.05).The present study was conceived to evaluate A- and B-mode ultrasonographic changes in the thickness of various structures of the eyeball in male and female English Cocker Spaniel dogs with and without cataracts. Sixteen dogs with cataracts (36 eyes, 10 males, 6 females), and seven normal dogs (14 eyes, 2 males, 5 females) older than eight years were selected. A- and B-mode ultrasonography was performed with a 10 MHz transducer. Echobiometry values were evaluated statistically by one way ANOVA. Incidence of cataract among gender was assessed by Fisher’s excat test. Mean and standard deviations of various ocular structures for dogs with and without cataracts were, respectively, anterior chamber: 3.041 ± 0.828 mm, 3.373 ± 1.040 mm; lens: 6.817 ± 1.117 mm, 7.062 ± 0.477 mm; vitreous: 10.056 ± 0.754 mm, 9.523 ± 0.705 mm; and axial length: 19.909 ± 1.103 mm; 19.958 ± 1.050 mm. Ocular measurements between right and left eyes, males and females, as well as in eyes with and without cataract were not significantly different. Incidence between gender were not significantly (P > 0.05).Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Expressão da metaloprotease-1, da metaloprotease-9 e do fator de crescimento opióide em córneas de coelhos tratadas com nalbufina a 1%, após ceratectomia lamelar

Estudaram-se os efeitos da nalbufina à 1% sobre a reparação e o limiar de sensibilidade ao toque córneal (LSC), em coelhos submetidos à ceratectomia lamelar. Compuseram-se dois grupos (n=6). O grupo nalbufina (GN) recebeu 30μL de nalbufina à 1%, a cada 4 horas, totalizando 4 aplicações diárias, às (7, 11, 15 e 19 horas), o controle (GC) recebeu solução fisiológica nas mesmas condições adotadas para o GN. Decorridas as ceratectomias, procedeu-se a avaliação clínica das córneas com lâmpada em fenda e estesiômetro durante 9 dias. As córneas foram colhidas para estudo histológico, imunoistoquímico (metaloprotease-1, metaloprotease-9 e Fator de Crescimento Opióide). O tempo médio de reepitelização das córneas foi de 7 ± 1,79 dias no GN e, no GC de 8,83 ± 1,17 días, sem diferença estatística entre os grupos (p=0,12). O diâmetro da área ulcerada não diferiu entre os grupos em nenhum dos períodos (p>0,05). 24 horas previas a realização da ceratectomia (valores basais) e, após a realização desta até a completa reparação corneal, o LSC não diferiu entre GC e GN (p>0,05). À histologia, não foram observadas alterações quanto a reparação tecidual. Ao décimo dia, todas as córneas mostraram estratificação do epitélio corneal e edema corneal em ambos os grupos. À imunoistoquimica, as MMP-1 e MMP-9 apresentaram um aumento quanto sua expressão nos 5 primeiros dias apos a realização da ceratectomia em ambos os grupos sem diferenças significativas (p>0,05). Os dias 7 e 9, elas sofrem uma diminuição significativa comparativamente com os dias mas continua sem apresentar diferença entre os grupos. O fator de crescimento opióide (OGF) apresentou imunomarcação constantes em todos os períodos e sempre restrito as células epiteliais mas não foram encontradas diferenças entre os grupos nem entre os...This study aimed to evaluate the effects of 1% nalbuphine on corneal analgesia in rabbits submitted to lamellar keratectomy until completion of the corneal wound healing and to assess the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-1,-9, and opioid growth factor (OGF) during the treatment. Two groups were formed (n=6). The nalbuphine-treated group (NG) received 30 μl of topical 1% nalbuphine every 4 hours while the other group received 0.9% NaCl instead (CG). After keratectomies, corneal heling were evaluated with slit lamp and the corneal touch threshold (CTT) with esthesiometer during 9 days. Corneal samples were processed for histology and immunohistochemistry (MMP-1, -9 and OGF). Mean corneal reepithelization rate was of 7 ± 1.79 days in NG and of 8.83 ± 1.17 days in the CG (P=0.12). The ulcerated area did not differed between groups at any time point (P>0.05). CTT did change from baseline, until complete healing of the corneas in both groups (P>0.05). At histology, corneal healing was uneventful. At day 10, all corneas showed corneal edema and stratification of the corneal epithelium in both groups. In both groups, MMP-1 and -9 expression increased during the first 5 days following keratectomy (P>0.05). At day 7 and 9 expression of both enzymes decreased significantly in comparison to previous time points, without changing significantly between groups (P>0.05). OGF positive labeling was observed in all time points and was restricted to the corneal epithelium of both groups (P>0.05). It was concluded that topical 1% nalbuphine did not change corneal healing rate... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Evaluación comparativa y predicción espacial de la evapotranspiración de referencia mediante métodos geoestadísticos

Comparative assessment and spatial prediction of the reference evapotranspiration through geostatistical methods The determination of the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is essential when carrying out agricultural irrigation planning. One of the most recommended methodologies for this is that of FAO Penman-Monteith; however, its use is limited to the need to have the necessary variables for its estimation, so it is possible to resort to the spatial prediction of the ETo from known values of it. In this study, Ordinary Kriging (KO) and Universal Kriging (KU) were compared and evaluated in the spatial prediction of the ETo on a monthly scale in the Venezuelan plains, estimated by FAO Penman-Monteith, which in turn allowed visualizing its spatial behavior. It was evaluated by cross-validation, using the coefficient of determination R2 , the mean squared prediction error (MSPE) and the root mean square error (RMSE). The KO was determined as the best predictor, attributed to the stationarity of the mean in most months, except March and October, even when the difference in errors is reduced between the methods, as well as a low and moderate spatial dependence of the ETo for the KO, and high for the KU. The ranges ranged from 100 km for October and November to 290 km for July according to KO, while for the KU, they fluctuated between 35 km for July and October and 290 km for January. There was a greater demand for ETo towards the eastern plains than the western plains, as well as its seasonality, due to the behavior of the variables that influence its estimation.La determinación de la evapotranspiración de referencia (ETo) es imprescindible al momento de realizar planificaciones del riego agrícola. Una de las metodologías más recomendadas para ello es la de FAO Penman-Monteith; sin embargo, su aprovechamiento está limitado a la necesidad de disponer las variables necesarias para su estimación, por lo que es posible recurrir a la predicción espacial de la ETo a partir de valores conocidos de la misma. En este estudio, se compararon y evaluaron el Kriging Ordinario (KO) y Kriging Universal (KU) en la predicción espacial de la ETo a escala mensual en los llanos venezolanos, estimada mediante FAO Penman-Monteith, lo que permitió a su vez, visualizar su comportamiento espacial. Se evaluó mediante validación cruzada, empleando el coeficiente de determinación R2 , el error de predicción cuadrático medio (EPCM) y la raíz del error cuadrático medio (RECM). Se determinó al KO como el mejor predictor, atribuido a la estacionariedad de la media en la mayoría de los meses, exceptuando marzo y octubre, aun cuando existió reducida diferencia de los errores entre los métodos, así como una baja y moderada dependencia espacial de la ETo para el KO, y alta para el KU. Los alcances oscilaron entre los 100 km para octubre y noviembre hasta 290 km para julio según el KO, mientras que para el KU, fluctuaron entre 35 km para julio y octubre y 290 km para enero. Se constató mayor demanda de la ETo hacia los llanos orientales que los occidentales, así como su estacionalidad, debido al comportamiento de las variables que influyen en su estimación

Topical 1% nalbuphine on corneal sensivity and epithelization after experimental lamellar keratectomy in rabbits

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar los efectos de la nalbufina tópica al 1% sobre la sensibilidad corneal y la reepitelización, después de la queratectomía lamelar en [email protected]