Effect of the elicitation with magnetic field of corn seeds on the development and nutrition of sprouts

Objective: To evaluate the effect of exposing corn seeds to a 100 mT magnetic field (MF) on their sprout development. Design/methodology/approach: A completely randomized design was used, with five treatments (0, 10, 15, 30, and 60 minutes of MF exposure) with three repetitions (72 experimental units). From the germination process, the gibberellic acid concentration (GA3) and α-amylase activity were determined, morphometric and biochemical parameters of the foliar tissue from the sprouts were measured, such as total phenols, flavonoids, and catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX) and phenylalanium ammonium lyase (PAL) activities. Finally, some nutritional quality parameters of the sprouts were quantified, such as protein and ash content. Results: The results showed that the treatment of corn seeds with a MF had a favorable effect on the germination process increasing the GA3 concentration. Also, improvement in the development and quality of the sprouts, by increasing the growth of the shoot, root length, concentration of phenolic compounds and ash content in corn sprouts was found. Limitations on study/implications: escalate elicitation to the field level. Findings/conclusions: The elicitation of corn seeds with a magnetic field generates positive changes that transcend the corn sprouts

Desarrollo y caracterización de películas activas con nanopartículas de plata obtenidas mediante síntesis verde

The use of edible films is a technology to extend the shelf life of food. The addition of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) could improve the performance of edible films and avoid the growth of microorganisms that could affect food. The objective was to elaborate and characterize AgNPs by green synthesis and to evaluate the effect of their addition on the mechanical and barrier properties of films formed from Cajanus cajan protein and Tamarindus indica seed gum. An aqueous extract of Annona muricata leaves was used for green synthesis. Three films were developed containing AgNPs, aqueous extract of Annona muricata leaves and water (control). Films were evaluated by their water vapour permeability (WVP), color, opacity and mechanical properties. The AgNPs increased twice the Young's module (0.0675 MPa) and the tensile strength (2.84 MPa) in relation to control film. Moreover, the AgNPs influenced also the color and opacity of the films. However, no differences were observed in the WVP. The addition of AgNPs to films, could be an option to increase the shelf life of foods.El uso de películas comestibles es una tecnología para alargar la vida útil de los alimentos. La adición de nanopartículas de plata (AgNPs) podría mejorar el desempeño de películas comestibles y evitar el crecimiento de microorganismos que podrían afectar a los alimentos. El objetivo fue elaborar y caracterizar AgNPs mediante síntesis verde y evaluar el efecto de su adición sobre las propiedades mecánicas y de barrera de películas formadas a partir de proteína de Cajanus cajan y goma de la semilla de Tamarindus indica. Para la síntesis de AgNPs se utilizó extracto acuoso de Annona muricata. Tres diferentes formulaciones de películas se elaboraron las cuales contenían AgNPs, extracto acuoso de guanábana y agua (control). Las películas fueron evaluadas en términos de su permeabilidad al vapor de agua (WVP), color, opacidad y propiedades mecánicas. Las AgNPs incrementaron el doble el módulo de Young de las películas (0.0675 MPa) y la fuerza de tensión (2.84 MPa) con respecto al control. Además, las AgNPs influyeron estadísticamente en el color y opacidad de la película. Sin embargo, no se observaron diferencias en la PVA. La adición de AgNPs a recubrimientos podría ser una opción para incrementar la vida útil de alimentos

Effect of vermicompost, worm-bed leachate and arbuscular mycorrizal fungi on lemongrass ( Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf.) growth and composition of its essential oil

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of vermicompost, worm-bed leachate (WBL) and Glomus mosseae , an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), on growth of lemongrass ( Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf). A response surface methodology, i.e. a three-level Box Benhen design with three repetitions and three blocks, was applied to optimize biomass production, essential oil yield and its composition. Application rates of Glomus mosseae were 0, 1 or 2 g plant-1, vermicompost 0, 5 or 10 g plant-1 and WBL 0, 10 and 20%. The AMF had no significant effect on the variables tested, but vermicompost had a significant effect on essential oil yield and WBL on essential oil yield, myercene concentration and shoot dry weigh (p < 0.05). It was found that lemongrass fertilized with 2.0 g G. mosseae, 5.0 g vermicompost and 20% worm-bed leachate would yield 0.797% essential oil of which 62.6% was citral

Primer reporte de bacterias termo alcalófilas del manantial “Los Baños del Carmen”, Venustiano Carranza, Chiapas, México

Objective: To isolate and to characterize extremophile microoorganism from hot spring manantial “Baños del Carmen” Venustiano Carranza, Chiapas, México. Design/methodology/approach: The samples were collected in three points of the main pit of the site called "Los Baños del Carmen". Serial dilutions were made and plated in LB medium and nutrient agar. Reseed colonies were isolated with different colonial morphology to obtain axenic cultures. Micro and macroscopic morphological characterization of the isolates and a biochemical characterization with the API 20E kit were carried out. Results: Three alkaline thermophilic bacterial strains were successfully found: YEFP-C, YEPF-J, and YEPF-P. All strains were gram-negative an ability to grow at pH 8-10 and 50?C. Also, all them have a fermentative metabolism of carbohydrates and beta-galactosidase activity. Limitations on study/implications: The strategy used was limited to heterotrophic aerobic organisms; however, it is likely that there is a diversity of other types of prokaryotes and eukaryotes on the site. Findings/conclusions: There are extremophile organisms in hot spring “Los Baños del Carmen”, and this work is the first report with scientific evidence.Objetivo: Aislar y caracterizar microbiológicamente bacterias extremófilas del manantial “Baños del Carmen” Venustiano Carranza, Chiapas, México. Diseño/metodología/aproximación: Las muestras fueron recolectadas en tres puntos de la fosa principal del sitio. Se realizaron diluciones seriadas y se sembraron en medio LB y agar nutritivo. Se llevaron a cabo resiembras de colonias aisladas con diferente morfología colonial hasta obtener cultivos axénicos. Se llevó a cabo una caracterización morfológica micro y macroscópica de los aislados y una caracterización bioquímica con el kit API 20E Resultados: Tres cepas bacterianas termo alcalófilas fueron encontradas: YEFP-C, YEPF-J, y YEPF-P. Todas las cepas fueron Gram negativas y registraron crecimiento en medios con pH de 8.0 a 10.0 y 50 °C. Además, todas tienen metabolismo fermentativo de carbohidratos y actividad beta galactosidase.  Limitaciones del estudio/implicaciones: La estrategia utilizada se limitó a organismos aerobios heterotróficos; sin embargo, es probable que exista biodiversidad de otro tipo de organismos procariotes y eucariotes en el sitio. Hallazgos/conclusiones: Existe vida bacteriana extremofila en el manantial “Los Baños del Carmen”. Este es el primer reporte con evidencia científica

Optimización de los reguladores de crecimiento para maximizar el número de brotes en Agave americana L. por organogénesis indirecta

Current protocols for Agave americana L. micropropagation have limited commercial application due to the low number of plants produced by explant. Indirect organogenesis could be an alternative, however is necessary to optimize plant growth regulators for plantlet number maximization. The objective of this work was to optimize 2,4-dicholorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 6-benzyl adenine (BA) concentrations on the induction of A. americana embryogenic callus from apical meristem as explant for maximized the number of shoots per callus using a response surface experimental design. MS medium containing 30 g l-1 sucrose amended with 0.11,0.18, 0.45 or 2.26 ?M 2,4-D, and 11.0, 22.0, 38.2 or 44.0 ?M BA was used. Nine treatments with three repetitions was applied and number of shoots per callus were monitored after 4, 16, 20 and 36 weeks. In vitro rooting of shoot was done in MS medium added with indole butyric acid (IBA). A maximum number of plantlets per explant (74) was obtained with 2.26 ?M of 2,4-D and 38.2 ?M BA. In conclusion, the indirect organogenesis of A. americana L. could be an alternative for obtain plantlets for propagation commercial purposes.Los protocolos actuales para la micropropagación de Agave americana L. tienen limitaciones para su aplicación comercial debido al bajo número de plantas producidas por cada explante. La organogénesis indirecta podría ser una alternativa, sin embargo, es necesario optimizar los reguladores de crecimiento vegetal para maximizar el número de plantas. El objetivo del trabajo fue optimizar la concentración de ácido 2,4-diclorofenoxiacetico (2,4-D) y de 6-bencil adenina (BA) sobre la inducción de callos embriogénicos en A. americana usando meristemos apicales como explante para maximizar el número de brotes por callo, utilizando un diseño experimental de superficie de respuesta. Se utilizó el medio Murashige Skoog (MS) adicionado con 30 g l-1 de sacarosa, y con 0,11;0,18; 0,45 o 2,26 ?M de 2,4-D, y 11,0; 22,0; 38,2 o 44,0 ?M de BA. Se implementaron 9 tratamientos con 3 repeticiones y el número de brotes por callo fue evaluado después de 4, 16, 20 y 36 semanas. Se indujo el enraizamiento in vitro usando medio MS adicionado con ácido indolbutírico (AIB). Se obtuvo un máximo de 74 plántulas por callo, usando 2,26 ?M de 2,4-D y 38,2 ?M de BA. En conclusión, la organogénesis indirecta podría ser una alternativa para la micropropagación de A. americana L con fines comerciales

Changes in Intestinal Microbiota and Predicted Metabolic Pathways During Colonic Fermentation of Mango (Mangifera indica L.)—Based Bar Indigestible Fraction

Mango (Mangifera indica L.) peel and pulp are a source of dietary fiber (DF) and phenolic compounds (PCs) that constituent part of the indigestible fraction (IF). This fraction reaches the colon and acts as a carbon and energy source for intestinal microbiota. The effect of mango IF on intestinal microbiota during colonic fermentation is unknown. In this study, the isolated IF of a novel ‘Ataulfo’ mango-based bar (snack) UV-C irradiated and non irradiated (UVMangoBand MangoB) were fermented. Colonic fermentation occurred in vitro under chemical-enzymatic, semi-anaerobic, batch culture and controlled pH colonic conditions. Changes in the structure of fecal microbiota were analyzed by 16s rRNA gene Illumina MiSeq sequencing. The community´s functional capabilities were determined in silico. The MangoB and UVMangoB increased the presence of Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Eubacterium, Fusicatenibacter, Holdemanella, Catenibacterium, Phascolarctobacterium, Buttiauxella, Bifidobacterium, Collinsella, Prevotella and Bacteroides genera. The alpha indexes showed a decrease in microbial diversity after 6 h of colonic fermentation. The coordinates analysis indicated any differences between irradiated and non-irradiated bar. The metabolic prediction demonstrated that MangoB and UVMangoB increase the microbiota carbohydrate metabolism pathway. This study suggests that IF of mango-based bar induced beneficial changes on microbial ecology and metabolic pathway that could be promissory to prevention or treatment of metabolic dysbiosis. However, in vivo interventions are necessary to confirm the interactions between microbiota modulating and intestinal beneficial effects

MODELISATION SIMULTANEE DES TRANSFERTS ET DE L'EVOLUTION DE LA QUALITE TECHNOLOGIQUE DU RIZ PADDY EN VUE D'OPTIMISER LES CONDITIONS DE SECHAGE

LE RIZ PADDY EST GENERALEMENT RECOLTE A UNE TENEUR EN EAU COMPRISE ENTRE 18 ET 43% (B.S.), ET EST ENSUITE SECHE JUSQU'A 14% POUR LE STOCKER. LES CONDITIONS DE SECHAGE SONT RESPONSABLES DE LA FORMATION DES FISSURES DANS L'ENDOSPERME DU GRAIN. CES FISSURES SONT RESPONSABLES DE LA CASSE DES GRAINS LORS DE L'USINAGE. DU POINT DE VUE ECONOMIQUE, LA VALEUR DU RIZ EST PROPORTIONNELLE AU POURCENTAGE DE GRAINS ENTIERS APRES USINAGE. POUR OPTIMISER CELUI-CI, ON A BESOIN DE MODELES DE SECHAGE QUI PREDISENT LE RENDEMENT EN GRAIN ENTIERS EN FONCTION DES CONDITIONS DU SECHAGE. LES OBJECTIFS DE CE TRAVAIL ONT ETE DE DEVELOPPER UN SYSTEME DE SECHAGE COUPLE A L'ANALYSE D'IMAGE POUR SUIVRE LE RETRECISSEMENT ET LA FISSURATION DU RIZ CARGO AU COURS ET APRES SECHAGE ; AINSI QUE DE CONSTRUIRE UN OUTIL DE SIMULATION DU SECHAGE ET DE SON EFFET SUR LA QUALITE TECHNOLOGIQUE POUR LE CONTROLE ET LA CONCEPTION DES SECHOIR INDUSTRIELS. LE RETRECISSEMENT DU RIZ CARGO EST APPARU PROPORTIONNEL A LA TENEUR EN EAU MOYENNE DES GRAINS. LES CONDITIONS DU SECHAGE INFLUENCENT LA FISSURATION DES GRAINS : A FAIBLE TEMPERATURE DE L'AIR DE SECHAGE, DES FISSURES INTERNES APPARAISSENT APRES SECHAGE, MAIS A TEMPERATURE ELEVEE, DES FISSURES SUPERFICIELLES ET INTERNES APPARAISSENT PENDANT LE SECHAGE. UN MODELE A DEUX COMPARTIMENTS A ETE UTILISE POUR SIMULER LA TENEUR EN EAU MOYENNE DES GRAINS AU COURS DU SECHAGE EN COUCHE MINCE. UNE APPROCHE DE CINETIQUE CHIMIQUE REACTIONNELLE D'ORDRE 2 A ETE UTILISEE POUR MODELISER LA QUALITE TECHNOLOGIQUE. LE MODELE COMPLET DE SECHAGE ET DE QUALITE A ETE VALIDE SUR UN SECHOIR SEMI-INDUSTRIEL. CE MODELE PREDIT LA TENEUR EN EAU MOYENNE DES GRAINS EN SORTIE D'UN SECHOIR SEMI-INDUSTRIEL AVEC UNE ERREUR MOYENNE DE 5%. IL SIMULE BIEN LA QUALITE TECHNOLOGIQUE DES GRAINS DANS LE CAS DE FAIBLE DEGRADATION ET LA SURESTIME DANS LES AUTRES CAS. FINALEMENT, IL A SERVI POUR METTRE AU POINT ET TESTER UNE BOUCLE DE REGULATION DU SECHOIR SEMI-INDUSTRIEL.MASSY-AgroParisTech (913772301) / SudocSudocFranceF

Effect of lactic acid on the meat quality properties and the taste of pork Serratus ventralis muscle

In this work was evaluated the effect of lactic acid treatment method in pork Serratus ventralis muscle on meat quality parameters pH, color, weight loss, cooking loss, hardness, and taste.  The treatment was performed by immersing the sample in lactic acid solutions at two concentrations (1 and 3% v v-1) for 1 and 3 min., immediately the samples were stored at 4 °C during 7 days. The taste was evaluated employing trained and untrained judges.  Only hardness, weight loss and cooking loss, were affected by lactic acid concentration (p<0.05). The perception of lactic acid taste to trained judges was higher in samples of major concentration and immersion time. To untrained judges the sample treated with 3% lactic acid for 1 minute, had the best acceptation. Both judges reported that the taste of meat was delicious. Therefore, lactic acid treatment may be an alternative to extend pork shelf life