School-Based Services for Children with Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS)

Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS) is an emerging disorder affecting school age children causing deleterious cognitive, social, emotional, and academic effects. Most frequently, children with PANS demonstrate severe, rapid-onset obsessive-compulsive symptoms in addition to a variety of other psychiatric disturbances. Symptoms are known to significantly a child’s educational experience. Despite this, little is known about the educational impacts related to the disorder or the supports provided to children with the diagnosis. This research sought to identify the school related impairments of children with PANS, the school-based services provided for children with PANS, and the relationships between obsessive compulsive symptoms and school-based service provision. Results showed that children with PANS often receive educational services, but that these services are provided most frequently as part of a preexisting service agreement. Further, services are minimally related to primary obsessive-compulsive symptoms even in children receiving services only after PANS diagnoses, despite these symptoms being significantly impairing in the sample population. The presence of comorbid diagnoses was found to be most closely correlated with school-based service provision in this sample

A Marginalized Diffusion Model for Estimating Age at First Endoscopy Examination from Current Status Data

We propose an approach for estimating the age at first endoscopy examination from current status data collected via two series of cross-sectional surveys. To model the national probability of ever having an endoscopy, we incorporate birth cohort effects into a mixed-influence diffusion model. We link a state-specific model to the national-level diffusion model using a marginalized modeling approach. In future research, results from our model will be used as microsimulation model inputs to estimate the contribution of endoscopy examinations to observed changes in colorectal cancer incidence and mortality

Marginal Modeling of Multilevel Binary Data with Time-Varying Covariates

We propose and compare two approaches for regression analysis of multilevel binary data when clusters are not necessarily nested: a GEE method that relies on a working independence assumption coupled with a three-step method for obtaining empirical standard errors; and a likelihood-based method implemented using Bayesian computational techniques. Implications of time-varying endogenous covariates are addressed. The methods are illustrated using data from the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium to estimate mammography accuracy from a repeatedly screened population

Marion Carrel, Faire participer les habitants ? Citoyenneté et pouvoir d’agir dans les quartiers populaires

L’enjeu de la participation en politique fait partie des impératifs nouveaux tant pour les élus que pour les administrations tandis qu’elle devient une exigence démocratique des citoyens de plus en plus importante. La participation aux politiques publiques semble ainsi faire consensus et faire d’ailleurs aujourd’hui l’objet de nombreuses publications scientifiques. Celle-ci s’en distingue par l’utilisation d’une pluralité d’approches, entre analyse des politiques publiques, démarche d’enquête..

Paillard, Bernard, Simon, Jean-François, Le Gall, Laurent (dir.), En France rurale. Les enquêtes interdisciplinaires depuis les années 1960

En mai 2008 s’est tenu à Plozévet, à l’initiative de Bernard Paillard, un colloque organisé par le CRBC (Centre de Recherche Bretonne et Celtique) et l’université de Bretagne occidentale consacré aux « Grandes enquêtes pluridisciplinaires des années 1960-70. Bilans et perspectives » et à la recherche coopérative sur programme de Plozévet qui fut menée entre 1961 et 1965 en particulier. Ce colloque a donné lieu à cet ouvrage qui regroupe des témoignages des enquêteurs et des relectures des enq..

Paillard, Bernard, Simon, Jean-François, Le Gall, Laurent (dir.), En France rurale. Les enquêtes interdisciplinaires depuis les années 1960

En mai 2008 s’est tenu à Plozévet, à l’initiative de Bernard Paillard, un colloque organisé par le CRBC (Centre de Recherche Bretonne et Celtique) et l’université de Bretagne occidentale consacré aux « Grandes enquêtes pluridisciplinaires des années 1960-70. Bilans et perspectives » et à la recherche coopérative sur programme de Plozévet qui fut menée entre 1961 et 1965 en particulier. Ce colloque a donné lieu à cet ouvrage qui regroupe des témoignages des enquêteurs et des relectures des enq..

Reactions to uncertainty and the accuracy of diagnostic mammography.

BackgroundReactions to uncertainty in clinical medicine can affect decision making.ObjectiveTo assess the extent to which radiologists' reactions to uncertainty influence diagnostic mammography interpretation.DesignCross-sectional responses to a mailed survey assessed reactions to uncertainty using a well-validated instrument. Responses were linked to radiologists' diagnostic mammography interpretive performance obtained from three regional mammography registries.ParticipantsOne hundred thirty-two radiologists from New Hampshire, Colorado, and Washington.MeasurementMean scores and either standard errors or confidence intervals were used to assess physicians' reactions to uncertainty. Multivariable logistic regression models were fit via generalized estimating equations to assess the impact of uncertainty on diagnostic mammography interpretive performance while adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsWhen examining radiologists' interpretation of additional diagnostic mammograms (those after screening mammograms that detected abnormalities), a 5-point increase in the reactions to uncertainty score was associated with a 17% higher odds of having a positive mammogram given cancer was diagnosed during follow-up (sensitivity), a 6% lower odds of a negative mammogram given no cancer (specificity), a 4% lower odds (not significant) of a cancer diagnosis given a positive mammogram (positive predictive value [PPV]), and a 5% higher odds of having a positive mammogram (abnormal interpretation).ConclusionMammograms interpreted by radiologists who have more discomfort with uncertainty have higher likelihood of being recalled

LICIACube on DART Mission: An Asteroid Impact Captured by Italian Small Satellite Technology

In the frame of the Planetary Defense program, NASA developed the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission and the Italian Space Agency joined the effort. DART’s spacecraft will act as a kinetic impactor by deliberately crashing into the moonlet of Didymos binary system (i.e. Didymos-B) while the effects of the impact will be observed by a small satellite, the Light Italian CubeSat for Imaging of Asteroid (LICIACube) and ground-based telescopes. LICIACube, an Italian Space Agency (ASI) mission, will fly with a relative velocity of approximately 6.5 km/s and it will document the effects of the impact, the crater and the evolution of the plume generated by the collision. LICIACube will have to maintain the asteroid\u27s pointing at an angular speed of approximately 10 deg/s to fly-by the asteroid close to the Didymos-B surface. The images acquired by LICIACube will be processed onboard through the autonomous navigation algorithm to identify the asteroid system and control the satellite attitude. They will also help the scientific community and provide feedback to the Planetary Defense program, pioneered by the Space Agencies. This deep-space mission is based on a small scale but highly technological platform, whose development is involving both the Italian technical and scientific community

Performance Benchmarks for Diagnostic Mammography

PURPOSE: To evaluate a range of performance parameters pertinent to the comprehensive auditing of diagnostic mammography examinations, and to derive performance benchmarks therefrom, by pooling data collected from large numbers of patients and radiologists that are likely to be representative of mammography practice in the United States. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Institutional review board approval was met, informed consent was not required, and this study was Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act compliant. Six mammography registries contributed data to the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium (BCSC), providing patient demographic and clinical information, mammogram interpretation data, and biopsy results from defined population-based catchment areas. The study involved 151 mammography facilities and 646 interpreting radiologists. The study population included women 18 years of age or older who underwent at least one diagnostic mammography examination between 1996 and 2001. Collected data were used to derive mean performance parameter values, including abnormal interpretation rate, positive predictive value (for abnormal interpretation, biopsy recommended, and biopsy performed), cancer diagnosis rate, invasive cancer size, and the percentages of minimal cancers, axillary node-negative invasive cancers, and stage 0 and I cancers. Additional benchmarks were derived for these performance parameters, including 10th, 25th, 50th (median), 75th, and 90th percentile values. RESULTS: The study involved 332,926 diagnostic mammography examinations. Mean performance parameter values were abnormal interpretation rate, 8.0%; positive predictive value for abnormal interpretation, 31.4%; positive predictive value for biopsy recommended, 31.5%; positive predictive value for biopsy performed, 39.5%; cancer diagnosis rate, 25.3 per 1000 examinations; invasive cancer size, 20.2 mm; percentage of minimal cancers, 42.0%; percentage of axillary node-negative invasive cancers, 73.6%; and percentage of stage 0 and I cancers, 62.4%. CONCLUSION: The presented BCSC outcomes data and performance benchmarks may be used by mammography facilities and individual radiologists to evaluate their own performance for diagnostic mammography as determined by means of periodic comprehensive audits