Business Cycle and The Macroeconomics Performance: Evidence of Malaysia and Indonesia

Stable economic growth is the major macroeconomic goal which is all nations seek. Economist and policy makers have been tried to find the ways to sustain and maintain stable economic growth. This paper examines the macroeconomic fluctuations and economic growth in Malaysia and Indonesia and its determinant by using multiple regression models. Five variables were chosen for the model namely variables are Money supply (MS), Industrial production (IP), Interest rate (IR), exchange rate (ER), Consumer price Index (CPI) and stock prices. The study shows that Money supply (MS), Interest rate (IR), exchange rate (ER), and stock prices are among others, the determinant factors of macroeconomic fluctuations in both countries. Specifically, the empirical results reveal that Interest rate (IR), exchange rate (ER), and stock prices has significant contribution to the performance of real GDP in Malaysia while Money supply (MS) and exchange rate (ER) are the main cause of macroeconomic fluctuations in Indonesia. This may be due to the different monetary policies pursued by the two countries. The two countries might have different monetary policy strategies; Malaysia pursues interest rate targeting policy, whereas Indonesia applies inflation rate targeting policy.The study recommends for both countries government policies play an important role in economic performance. Therefore, a careful policy should be the foremost important factor for economic in these nations and the every country in general

Business Cycle and the Macroeconomics Performance: Evidence of Malaysia and Indonesia

Stable economic growth is the major macroeconomic goal which is all nations seek. Economist and policy makers have been tried to find the ways to sustain and maintain stable economic growth. This paper examines the macroeconomic fluctuations and economic growth in Malaysia and Indonesia and its determinant by using multiple regression models. Five variables were chosen for the model namely variables are Money supply (MS), Industrial production (IP), Interest rate (IR), exchange rate (ER), Consumer price Index (CPI) and stock prices. The study shows that Money supply (MS), Interest rate (IR), exchange rate (ER), and stock prices are among others, the determinant factors of macroeconomic fluctuations in both countries. Specifically, the empirical results reveal that Interest rate (IR), exchange rate (ER), and stock prices has significant contribution to the performance of real GDP in Malaysia while Money supply (MS) and exchange rate (ER) are the main cause of macroeconomic fluctuations in Indonesia. This may be due to the different monetary policies pursued by the two countries. The two countries might have different monetary policy strategies; Malaysia pursues interest rate targeting policy, whereas Indonesia applies inflation rate targeting policy.The study recommends for both countries government policies play an important role in economic performance. Therefore, a careful policy should be the foremost important factor for economic in these nations and the every country in general

The Helicobacter pylori Genome Project : insights into H. pylori population structure from analysis of a worldwide collection of complete genomes

Helicobacter pylori, a dominant member of the gastric microbiota, shares co-evolutionary history with humans. This has led to the development of genetically distinct H. pylori subpopulations associated with the geographic origin of the host and with differential gastric disease risk. Here, we provide insights into H. pylori population structure as a part of the Helicobacter pylori Genome Project (HpGP), a multi-disciplinary initiative aimed at elucidating H. pylori pathogenesis and identifying new therapeutic targets. We collected 1011 well-characterized clinical strains from 50 countries and generated high-quality genome sequences. We analysed core genome diversity and population structure of the HpGP dataset and 255 worldwide reference genomes to outline the ancestral contribution to Eurasian, African, and American populations. We found evidence of substantial contribution of population hpNorthAsia and subpopulation hspUral in Northern European H. pylori. The genomes of H. pylori isolated from northern and southern Indigenous Americans differed in that bacteria isolated in northern Indigenous communities were more similar to North Asian H. pylori while the southern had higher relatedness to hpEastAsia. Notably, we also found a highly clonal yet geographically dispersed North American subpopulation, which is negative for the cag pathogenicity island, and present in 7% of sequenced US genomes. We expect the HpGP dataset and the corresponding strains to become a major asset for H. pylori genomics

The Relationship Between Student Interest in Speaking and Their Peaking Score (A Correlational Study at Second Grade of SMP Iskamiyah Ciputat)

English is a language used in all aspects of communication, science, and technology. All of them can be actualized through speaking, beside other basicskill such as listening, reading, and writing. Many students do not realize theimportance of speaking, therefore, the teacher are hoped to make the studentsinterested in speaking and motivate them to speak. The students, who areinterested in speaking, enjoy their learning. They always feel happy and ready todo any task given by the teacher. As a result, they can get a good score in doingthe tasks. The purpose of the research is to find out the question of: ?is there anycorrelation between students? interest in speaking and their speaking score??The method used in conducting this research is correlational study. Shetakes two classes as the subject. She gave each of the students a questionnairerelated to the students? interest in speaking to be collaborating with their speaking score.The research itself takes place at SMP IslamiyahCiputat. It is located at Jl. Ki HajarDewantara, Ciputat-Tangerang Selatan.The result of the analysis in the research showed that there is positive correlation between students? interest in speaking and their speaking score.Interest gives positive influence in teaching-learning speaking skill. Students whohave higher interest in speaking get a better score than the lower one

Impact of hospital readiness on patient safety incidents during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia: health worker perceptions

Objectives This study examined the impact of hospital readiness on patient safety from the healthcare workers' perspective. Design The study employed a mixed-methods explanatory sequential design, with the quantitative phase taking precedence. We conducted an online survey of 235 healthcare workers at COVID-19 referral hospitals, followed by an interview with 11 participants from various hospital types. Setting COVID-19 referral hospitals in Indonesia. Participants Health workers working at COVID-19 referral hospitals. Measures Hospital ownership; hospital accreditation status; hospital readiness including incident management system, surge capacity, infection control and prevention, and human resource management; patient safety incident. Results According to the survey, 66.4% of the participants worked at a hospital owned by the provincial or district government, and 69.4% worked at a hospital which had received an excellent status accreditation. More than 80% of the hospitals scored well in the categories of the incident management system (86%), surge capacity (80.9%), infection control and prevention (97.9%), and human resource management (84.7%). However, only 50.6% of the hospitals scored well in managing patient safety incidents. Hospital ownership, accreditation status and hospital readiness all have an impact on patient safety incidents, which were reported in all types of hospitals by both studies. Conclusions This study provides significant results for Indonesia in terms of hospital preparedness and patient safety for the COVID-19 pandemic. The accreditation and ownership status of the hospital have aided hospital readiness. Despite the fact that no hospital in the world was prepared for the COVID-19 pandemic, hospital readiness has improved a year later; however, patient safety has not improved. Patient safety incidents occurred regardless of hospital status, with the most common occurrence being delayed treatment. Administrative errors were also recorded in COVID-19 field hospitals that were not accredited. Future research should focus on improving pandemic care quality and implementing initiatives that are applicable to all types of hospitals

Impact of hospital readiness on patient safety incidents during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia: Health worker perceptions

Objectives: This study examined the impact of hospital readiness on patient safety from the healthcare workers' perspective. Design: The study employed a mixed-methods explanatory sequential design, with the quantitative phase taking precedence. We conducted an online survey of 235 healthcare workers at COVID-19 referral hospitals, followed by an interview with 11 participants from various hospital types. Setting: COVID-19 referral hospitals in Indonesia. Participants: Health workers working at COVID-19 referral hospitals. Measures: Hospital ownership; hospital accreditation status; hospital readiness including incident management system, surge capacity, infection control and prevention, and human resource management; patient safety incident. Results: According to the survey, 66.4% of the participants worked at a hospital owned by the provincial or district government, and 69.4% worked at a hospital which had received an excellent status accreditation. More than 80% of the hospitals scored well in the categories of the incident management system (86%), surge capacity (80.9%), infection control and prevention (97.9%), and human resource management (84.7%). However, only 50.6% of the hospitals scored well in managing patient safety incidents. Hospital ownership, accreditation status and hospital readiness all have an impact on patient safety incidents, which were reported in all types of hospitals by both studies. Conclusions: This study provides significant results for Indonesia in terms of hospital preparedness and patient safety for the COVID-19 pandemic. The accreditation and ownership status of the hospital have aided hospital readiness. Despite the fact that no hospital in the world was prepared for the COVID-19 pandemic, hospital readiness has improved a year later; however, patient safety has not improved. Patient safety incidents occurred regardless of hospital status, with the most common occurrence being delayed treatment. Administrative errors were also recorded in COVID-19 field hospitals that were not accredited. Future research should focus on improving pandemic care quality and implementing initiatives that are applicable to all types of hospitals.</p