Simultaneous Determination of Urinary Phosphate and Sulphate by Ion-Chromatography

Peer Reviewe

Nitrosylation of Myoglobin and Nitrosation of Cysteine by Nitrite in a Model System Simulating Meat Curing

Demand is growing for meat products cured without the addition of sodium nitrite. Instead of the direct addition of nitrite to meat in formulation, nitrite is supplied by bacterial reduction of natural nitrate often added as vegetable juice/powder. However, the rate of nitrite formation in this process is relatively slow, and the total ingoing nitrite is typically less than in conventional curing processes. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of the rate of addition of nitrite and the amount of nitrite added on nitrosylation/nitrosation reactions in a model meat curing system. Myoglobin was preferentially nitrosylated as no decrease in sulfhydryl groups was found until maximum nitrosylmyoglobin color was achieved. The cysteine–myoglobin model retained more sulfhydryl groups than the cysteine-only model (p \u3c 0.05). The rate of nitrite addition did not alter nitrosylation/nitrosation reactions (p \u3e 0.05). These data suggest that the amount of nitrite but not the rate of addition impacts the nitrosylation/nitrosation reactions this syste

Blood pressure tracking in urban black South African children: birth to twenty cohort

Background Hypertension is an emerging public health problem in South Africa. Recent evidence from longitudinal studies has shown that hypertension in adulthood can be traced back to childhood. There is scarcity of longitudinal data on paediatric blood pressure (BP) particularly in African populations. The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence of hypertension and evaluate BP tracking between childhood and late adolescence among South African black Children. Methods This study utilized data from the Birth to Twenty cohort, which is comprised of children born in Soweto, Johannesburg in 1990 (N = 3273, 78.5 % black). Data on BP and anthropometry were collected at six follow-up periods between ages 5 and 18 years. Blood pressure status was classified using the Fourth report on National High Blood pressure program in children and adolescents. Pearson correlation coefficients and relative risk ratios (RR) were used to describe tracking of BP between childhood and late adolescence. Results The overall point prevalence ranged from 9.2 to 16.4 % for prehypertension and 8.4 to 24.4 % for hypertension. Tracking coefficients ranged from 0.20 to 0.57 for SBP and 0.17- 0.51 for DBP in both sexes over the 14 years of measurement. The proportion of children who maintained an elevated BP status between childhood, adolescence and age 18 years ranged from 36.1 % at age 5 years to 56.3 % at age 13 years. Risk of having elevated BP at 18 years ranged from; RR: 1.60 (95 % CI: 1.29–2.00) at 5 years to RR: 2.71 (95 % CI: 2.32–3.17) at 14 years of age. Conclusions This study reports high prevalence of elevated BP which tracks from early childhood into late adolescence. These findings emphasize the importance of early identification of children at risk of developing elevated BP and related risk factors plus timely intervention to prevent hypertension in adulthood

Moeglichkeiten der Schadstoffminderung von Zweitakt-Fahrzeugen durch Optimierung emissionsrelevanter Bauteile und katalytische Abgasnachbehandlung Abschlussbericht

In the scope of the project, possibilities were to be shown how to reduce the pollutant emission of two stroke motored vehicles Trabant, Wartburg and Barkas B 1000. In addition to replacement of emission relevant components like ignition system and carburator, especially the installation of open loop catalysts was investigated. In order to gather knowledge about real-world suitability and life span of the installation long distance tests with eight vehicles were performed. The results show that equipment of the investigated vehicles with open loop catalysts is possible in principle, but vehicle specific high HC-emissions have to be considered, as expections for catalytic performance and life span are concerned. (orig.)Im Rahmen des Vorhabens sollten Moeglichkeiten aufgezeigt werden, um den Schadstoffausstoss von 2-Takt-Fahrzeugen der Typen Trabant, Wartburg und Barkas B 1000 zu mindern. Neben dem Austausch von abgasrelevanten Bauteilen wie Zuendsystem und Vergaser wurde insbesondere die Nachruestung mit Oxidationskatalysatoren untersucht. Um Erkenntnisse ueber die Praxistauglichkeit und Dauerhaltbarkeit der Nachruestmassnahmen zu erlangen, wurden mit insgesamt acht Fahrzeugen Dauerlaufversuche durchgefuehrt. Die Untersuchungsergebnisse zeigen, dass eine Nachruestung der untersuchten Fahrzeugtypen mit Oxidationskatalysatoren prinzipiell moeglich ist, aber auch, dass bei den ueblichen Anforderungen an die Langzeitstabilitaet und die Dauerhaltbarkeit den fahrzeugspezifisch hohen HC-Emissionen Rechnung getragen werden muss. (orig.)SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: RN8908(92-082) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSenator fuer Stadtentwicklung und Umweltschutz, Berlin (Germany)DEGerman