Temporal Trends in Migration in the Åland Islands: Effects of Population Size and Geographic Distance

This is the published version. Copyright 1994 Wayne State University Press.Using a model developed by Relethford (1992), we assess temporal trends (1750-1949) in marital migration in the Aland Islands, Finland, in relation to both geographic distance and population size. The 200-year time period was divided into four 50-year periods. For all time periods both geographic distance and population size are important determinants of migration among 15 Lutheran parishes. The geographic distance parameter of the model decreases significantly over time, and the population size parameter fluctuates slightly but shows no significant change over time. For all time periods migration is negative density dependent, indicating that there is greater relative flow from larger to smaller subdivisions. Even though both the geographic distance and population size parameters are statistically significant, the analysis suggests that geographic distance has a greater relative effect on migration than population size. There is a clear indication of isolate breakdown during the last two time periods (1850-1899 and 1900-1949). Residual analysis indicated that the smallest parish (Sottunga) was a major outlier that showed greater exogamy (less endemicity) than expected from the model

Infant Mortality Patterns in Åland, Finland

This is the published version. Copyright 1983 Wayne State University Press.Infant mortality in Åland, Finland, from 1751 to 1935 is examined. The 18th and early 19th century rates in Åland were more characteristic of Eastern European populations than Western Europe or England. A steady decline in the mortality rates and a reduction in the year-to-year variation began about 1810. This decline is linked to medical innovations, decreases in household and family size, and socioeconomic changes. Stillbirth ratios appear to be relatively high and stable from 1751 to 1935 (ranging from 17 to 37/1000). Regional variation in infant mortality rates in the Åland archipelago does not appear to be shaped by either geographic location of the parishes or population density. Data are provided for causes of death during the neonatal and postneonatal periods. A time series analysis demonstrated that high birth rates tend to co-occur with periods of high infant mortality. Factors that may have influenced the infant mortality rates include household size and complexity, twinning rates, and breast feeding patterns

Poincar\'e gauge theory with even and odd parity dynamic connection modes: isotropic Bianchi cosmological models

The Poincar\'e gauge theory of gravity has a metric compatible connection with independent dynamics that is reflected in the torsion and curvature. The theory allows two good propagating spin-0 modes. Dynamical investigations using a simple expanding cosmological model found that the oscillation of the 0$^+$ mode could account for an accelerating expansion similar to that presently observed. The model has been extended to include a $0^{-}$ mode and more recently cross parity couplings. We investigate the dynamics of this model in a situation which is simple, non-trivial, and yet may give physically interesting results that might be observable. We consider homogeneous cosmologies, more specifically, isotropic Bianchi class A models. We find an effective Lagrangian for our dynamical system, a system of first order equations, and present some typical dynamical evolution.Comment: 8 pages, 1 figures, submitted to IARD 2010 Conference Proceedings in {\em Journal of Physics: Conference Series}, eds. L. Horwitz and M. Land (2011

The quadratic spinor Lagrangian is equivalent to the teleparallel theory

The quadratic spinor Lagrangian is shown to be equivalent to the teleparallel / tetrad representation of Einstein's theory. An important consequence is that the energy-momentum density obtained from this quadratic spinor Lagrangian is essentially the same as the ``tensor'' proposed by Moller in 1961.Comment: 10 pages, RevTe

Agricultural Land Use Planning and Groundwater Quality

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/75123/1/j.1468-2257.1983.tb00394.x.pd

Phase separation due to quantum mechanical correlations

Can phase separation be induced by strong electron correlations? We present a theorem that affirmatively answers this question in the Falicov-Kimball model away from half-filling, for any dimension. In the ground state the itinerant electrons are spatially separated from the classical particles.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure. Note: text and figure unchanged, title was misspelle

Bone growth and development in prehistoric populations from Sudanese Nubia,

The analysis of a large sample of skeletons from a number of Sudanese Nubian cemeteries demonstrates the usefulness of this material in the study of bone growth and development. A skeletal series from the Meroitic (B.C. 350-A.D. 350), X-Group (A.D. 350-550), and Christian (A.D. 550-1400) period were utilized in determining the rate of bone development and age related changes in the internal structure of the femur. Specifically, we have been able to demonstrate the following: 1. (i) The growth velocity determined from the long bones in the Nubian sample was similar but somewhat more irregular than the growth velocity of long bones in American boys studied longitudinally.2. (2) Growth symmetry of long bones determined by the ratio of lengths shows a greater stability than that which occurs in American boys.3. (3) Decrease in femoral cortical thickness with age was significant in Nubian females (P 4. (4) The density of femoral head trabecular bone organ volume decreases with age at similar rates in both males and females, but the females lose a larger percentage of density since they enter the age period (17 years) with a lower density.5. (5) The average thickness of femoral head trabeculae decrease with age in males, while in females there is an increase in thickness. It appears that as cross-members decrease in thickness with age, struts increase in thickness.6. (6) Microradiographic analysis of archeological material may provide an additional dimension to the study of bone turnover rates.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/34191/1/0000480.pd

Poincare gauge theory of gravity: Friedman cosmology with even and odd parity modes. Analytic part

We propose a cosmological model in the framework of the Poincar\'e gauge theory of gravity (PG). The gravitational Lagrangian is quadratic in curvature and torsion. In our specific model, the Lagrangian contains (i) the curvature scalar $R$ and the curvature pseudo-scalar $X$ linearly and quadratically (including an $RX$ term) and (ii) pieces quadratic in the torsion {\it vector} $\cal V$ and the torsion {\it axial} vector $\cal A$ (including a ${\cal V}{\cal A}$ term). We show generally that in quadratic PG models we have nearly the same number of parity conserving terms (`world') and of parity violating terms (`shadow world'). This offers new perspectives in cosmology for the coupling of gravity to matter and antimatter. Our specific model generalizes the fairly realistic `torsion cosmologies' of Shie-Nester-Yo (2008) and Chen et al.\ (2009). With a Friedman type ansatz for an orthonormal coframe and a Lorentz connection, we derive the two field equations of PG in an explicit form and discuss their general structure in detail. In particular, the second field equation can be reduced to first order ordinary differential equations for the curvature pieces $R(t)$ and $X(t)$. Including these along with certain relations obtained from the first field equation and curvature definitions, we present a first order system of equations suitable for numerical evaluation. This is deferred to the second, numerical part of this paper.Comment: Latex computerscript, 25 pages; mistakes corrected, references added, notation and title slightly changed; accepted by Phys. Rev.

Molecular excitation in the Interstellar Medium: recent advances in collisional, radiative and chemical processes

We review the different excitation processes in the interstellar mediumComment: Accepted in Chem. Re