56 research outputs found

    Bestandsaufnahme neuer Regionalisierungsansätze in Nordrhein-Westfalen

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    Dieser einleitende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über neue Regionalisierungsansätze in Nordrhein-Westfalen und stellt eine Reihe dieser Regionalisierungen überblicksartig vor. Ein räumlicher Schwerpunkt der neuen Regionalisierungen in Nordrhein-Westfalen liegt im Ruhrgebiet. Der Beitrag schließt mit einer zusammenfassenden Betrachtung der Gemeinsamkeiten der dargestellten neuen Regionalisierungsansätze.This introductory survey outlines the various new approaches to regionalisation which have been adopted in North Rhine-Westphalia, with a number of examples of regionalisation being selected for more detailed coverage. In the context of new approaches to regionalisation, one area within North Rhine-Westphalia, namely the Ruhr region, is given special attention. The paper closes with an overview identifying the common features found in the new approaches to regionalisation which have been presented

    Computer-aided recording of automatic endoscope washing and disinfection processes as an integral part of medical documentation for quality assurance purposes

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    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The reprocessing of medical endoscopes is carried out using automatic cleaning and disinfection machines. The documentation and archiving of records of properly conducted reprocessing procedures is the last and increasingly important part of the reprocessing cycle for flexible endoscopes.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This report describes a new computer program designed to monitor and document the automatic reprocessing of flexible endoscopes and accessories in fully automatic washer-disinfectors; it does not contain nor compensate the manual cleaning step. The program implements national standards for the monitoring of hygiene in flexible endoscopes and the guidelines for the reprocessing of medical products. No FDA approval has been obtained up to now. The advantages of this newly developed computer program are firstly that it simplifies the documentation procedures of medical endoscopes and that it could be used universally with any washer-disinfector and that it is independent of the various interfaces and software products provided by the individual suppliers of washer-disinfectors.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The computer program presented here has been tested on a total of four washer-disinfectors in more than 6000 medical examinations within 9 months.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We present for the first time an electronic documentation system for automated washer-disinfectors for medical devices e.g. flexible endoscopes which can be used on any washer-disinfectors that documents the procedures involved in the automatic cleaning process and can be easily connected to most hospital documentation systems.</p

    Технологическая подготовка производства изготовления детали "Ступица" на станках с ЧПУ

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    В данной выпускной квалификационной работе рассмотриваются вопросы технологической подготовки производства детали "Ступица".ТПП включает в себя анализ технологичности, выбор способа получения заготовки, расчет припусков на обработку детали, проектирование технологического процесса, выбор технологического оснащения, кроме того был произведен расчет технико-экономических показателей технологического процесса и социальная ответственность на производстве.In this final qualification work, the issues of technological preparation for the production of the “Hub” part are considered. The TPP includes an analysis of manufacturability, a choice of the method for producing the workpiece, calculation of allowances for processing the part, design of the technological process, the choice of technological equipment, in addition, the calculation of technical and economic indicators technological process and social responsibility in the workplace

    Ältere Einfamilienhausgebiete im Umbruch: eine unterschätzte planerische Herausforderung - zur Situation in Nordrhein-Westfalen

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    Das Thema "Einfamilienhausgebiete im Umbruch" ist eine unterschätzte Herausforderung für viele Kommunen. Derzeit steht es noch nicht im Fokus politischer, planerischer und wissenschaftlicher Debatten. Insbesondere die Flüchtlingszuwanderung in den letzten Jahren hat die Diskussion um die Gestaltung von Raumentwicklung unter Schrumpfungsbedingungen in vielen Regionen ausgesetzt. Dabei werden die grundsätzlichen demografischen und gesellschaftlichen Megatrends von Schrumpfung, Alterung und Metropolisierung durch kurzfristige demografische Trendänderungen in der langfristigen Entwicklungsperspektive nicht merklich verändert werden. Die Auswirkungen des demografischen und gesellschaftlichen Wandels und die damit verbundene veränderte Marktsituation führen zu einer Umbruchsituation in immer mehr Einfamilienhaus-Gebieten (kurz: EFH-Gebiete) der 1950er bis 1970er Jahre. Es lassen sich regional unterschiedliche Betroffenheiten älterer EFH-Gebiete identifizieren. Dementsprechend lassen sich für unterschiedliche Raumkategorien verschiedene städtebauliche Ziele und Handlungsbedarfe mit unterschiedlichen Prioritäten hinsichtlich des Umgangs mit älteren Einfamilienhausbeständen ableiten

    Therapierelevante Antibiotikaresistenzen im One-Health-Kontext

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    „One Health“ bezeichnet ein Konzept, das die Gesundheit von Menschen, Tieren und der Umwelt miteinander verbindet. In Deutschland gibt es umfangreiche Daten zur Antibiotikaresistenz (AMR) und multiresistenten Erregern (MRE) in der Human- und Veterinärmedizin sowie aus Untersuchungen in verschiedenen Umweltkompartimenten (Boden, Wasser, Abwasser). Die Erhebung erfolgt nach unterschiedlichen Vorgaben und Standards, was den Vergleich von Daten erschwert. Ein Fokus auf humantherapeutisch wichtige AMR und MRE ist hilfreich, um eine gewisse Orientierung vorzugeben. Die meisten Daten liegen sektorübergreifend zu Methicillin-resistenten Staphylococcus aureus und multiresistenten Enterobacterales wie Escherichia coli und Klebsiella pneumoniae vor. Hier sind die Trends der Resistenzen heterogen. Der Einsatz von Antibiotika führt zur Selektion von MRE, was gut dokumentiert ist. Erfolge bei der Minimierung des Antibiotikaeinsatzes konnten in zurückliegenden Jahren für einzelne Sektoren dargestellt und z. T. mit Erfolgen in der Eindämmung von AMR und MRE korreliert werden (Rückgang MRSA in der Humanmedizin). Auch sektorspezifische Maßnahmen zur Senkung der Last durch MRE und AMR sind notwendig, da Resistenzprobleme nicht generell eine Verknüpfung mit anderen Sektoren aufweisen. Carbapenemresistenzen sind vor allem bei pathogenen Erregern vom Menschen nachweisbar. Colistinresistenzen kommen in verschiedenen Sektoren vor, zeigen aber dort jeweils verschiedene Mechanismen. Resistenzen gegen Reservesubstanzen wie Linezolid sind in Deutschland selten, sie zeigen aber einen konkreten One-Health-Bezug. Bestrebungen zur Harmonisierung von Methoden, z. B. im Bereich der antimikrobiellen Empfindlichkeitstestung und genombasierten Erreger- und AMR-Surveillance, sind ein wichtiger erster Schritt zu einer Vergleichbarkeit der verschiedenen Datenerhebungen.One Health refers to a concept that links human, animal, and environmental health. In Germany, there is extensive data on antibiotic resistance (AMR) and multidrug-resistant (micro)organisms (MDRO) in human and veterinary medicine, as well as from studies in various environmental compartments (soil, water, wastewater). All these activities are conducted according to different specifications and standards, which makes it difficult to compare data. A focus on AMR and MDRO of human therapeutic importance is helpful to provide some guidance. Most data are available across sectors on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and multiresistant Enterobacterales such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Here, the trends of resistance are heterogeneous. Antibiotic use leads to MRE selection, which is well documented. Success in minimizing antibiotic use has also been demonstrated in recent years in several sectors and could be correlated with success in containing AMR and MDRO (e.g., decrease in MRSA in human medicine). Sector-specific measures to reduce the burden of MDRO and AMR are also necessary, as not all resistance problems are linked to other sectors. Carbapenem resistance is still rare, but most apparent in human pathogens. Colistin resistance occurs in different sectors but shows different mechanisms in each. Resistance to antibiotics of last resort such as linezolid is rare in Germany, but shows a specific One Health correlation. Efforts to harmonize methods, for example in the field of antimicrobial susceptibility testing and genome-based pathogen and AMR surveillance, are an important first step towards a better comparability of the different data collections.Peer Reviewe

    An appeal for strengthening genomic pathogen surveillance to improve pandemic preparedness and infection prevention: the German perspective

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    The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has highlighted the importance of viable infection surveillance and the relevant infrastructure. From a German perspective, an integral part of this infrastructure, genomic pathogen sequencing, was at best fragmentary and stretched to its limits due to the lack or inefficient use of equipment, human resources, data management and coordination. The experience in other countries has shown that the rate of sequenced positive samples and linkage of genomic and epidemiological data (person, place, time) represent important factors for a successful application of genomic pathogen surveillance. Planning, establishing and consistently supporting adequate structures for genomic pathogen surveillance will be crucial to identify and combat future pandemics as well as other challenges in infectious diseases such as multi-drug resistant bacteria and healthcare-associated infections. Therefore, the authors propose a multifaceted and coordinated process for the definition of procedural, legal and technical standards for comprehensive genomic pathogen surveillance in Germany, covering the areas of genomic sequencing, data collection and data linkage, as well as target pathogens. A comparative analysis of the structures established in Germany and in other countries is applied. This proposal aims to better tackle epi- and pandemics to come and take action from the “lessons learned” from the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

    Synopse virologischer Analysen im Nationalen Referenzzentrum für Influenzaviren während der COVID-19-Pandemie

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    Das Nationale Referenzzentrum für Influenzaviren gewinnt durch die fortlaufende Untersuchung von Proben aus den Sentinelpraxen der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Influenza einen umfassenden Überblick über die zirkulierenden respiratorischen Erreger in Deutschland. Dazu gehören neben SARS-CoV-2 und den Influenzaviren auch das Respiratorische Synzytialvirus, Parainfluenzaviren, humane Metapneumoviren, humane saisonale Coronaviren und humane Rhinoviren. Die Analyseergebnisse von 15.660 Sentinelproben sowie weiteren Isolaten im Zeitraum von Kalenderwoche 5/2020 bis 21/2022 werden im Epidemiologischen Bulletin 22/2022 vorgestellt. Beschrieben werden außerdem die Zirkulation respiratorischer Erreger im Vergleich zu vorpandemischen Saisons, die molekulare Charakterisierung und phylogenetische Analysen, die Überprüfung der Passgenauigkeit der eingesetzten Influenzaimpfstoffe und die Resistenzprüfung von Influenzaviren

    The German National Registry of Primary Immunodeficiencies (2012-2017)

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    Introduction: The German PID-NET registry was founded in 2009, serving as the first national registry of patients with primary immunodeficiencies (PID) in Germany. It is part of the European Society for Immunodeficiencies (ESID) registry. The primary purpose of the registry is to gather data on the epidemiology, diagnostic delay, diagnosis, and treatment of PIDs. Methods: Clinical and laboratory data was collected from 2,453 patients from 36 German PID centres in an online registry. Data was analysed with the software Stata® and Excel. Results: The minimum prevalence of PID in Germany is 2.72 per 100,000 inhabitants. Among patients aged 1–25, there was a clear predominance of males. The median age of living patients ranged between 7 and 40 years, depending on the respective PID. Predominantly antibody disorders were the most prevalent group with 57% of all 2,453 PID patients (including 728 CVID patients). A gene defect was identified in 36% of patients. Familial cases were observed in 21% of patients. The age of onset for presenting symptoms ranged from birth to late adulthood (range 0–88 years). Presenting symptoms comprised infections (74%) and immune dysregulation (22%). Ninety-three patients were diagnosed without prior clinical symptoms. Regarding the general and clinical diagnostic delay, no PID had undergone a slight decrease within the last decade. However, both, SCID and hyper IgE- syndrome showed a substantial improvement in shortening the time between onset of symptoms and genetic diagnosis. Regarding treatment, 49% of all patients received immunoglobulin G (IgG) substitution (70%—subcutaneous; 29%—intravenous; 1%—unknown). Three-hundred patients underwent at least one hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Five patients had gene therapy. Conclusion: The German PID-NET registry is a precious tool for physicians, researchers, the pharmaceutical industry, politicians, and ultimately the patients, for whom the outcomes will eventually lead to a more timely diagnosis and better treatment

    An Optimization Model for Technology Adoption of Marginalized Smallholders: Theoretical Support for Matching Technological and Institutional Innovations

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    Between Hope and Hype: Traditional Knowledge(s) Held by Marginal Communities

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