Efeitos dos corticoesteroides nas lesões por radiofrequência na coxa de ratos em diferentes faixas etárias

BACKGROUND: The corticosteroids limit the late growth of the lesions by radiofrequency (RF) on the rats' infants' thighs, but the effects on the pubescent and adult rats are unknown. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the effects of the corticosteroids in the healing of the lesions by RF on the rats' thighs muscles in different age groups. METHODS: Ablation was performed on the thigh muscle of 30 rats (1 lesion per animal): infants (30 days old, weight 73 g, n = 10), pubescents (60 days old, weight 230 g, n = 10) and 10 adults (90 days old, 310 g, n = 10), subdivided in control and treated groups, that received Hydrocortisone (10 mg/kg IM post-RF) and Betametasone (3.5 mg/kg IM, twice a week, for 29 days). The rats were sacrificed 60 days after the ablation for hystopathological and planimetric analysis with specified software (ImageJ®). RESULTS: In the infant, pubescent and adult groups, the weight gain in the follow up did not differ between the control and the treated ones. In the control group, the lesions of the infants and pubescents were superior (p = 0.01) to the adults'. The treatment reduced the size of the lesion in the infants (5.58+0.61 mm² vs 4.02+0.23 mm²; p < 0.01) and pubescents (5.20+0.47 mm² vs 4.16+0.48 mm²; p < 0.01), but not in the adults (4.44+0.50 mm² vs 4.79+0.53 mm², p = NS). Infant and pubescent treated groups presented lower collagen deposition and less fibrotic bands invading the healthy tissue from the central fibrosis area, and forming lesions with remarkably more reduced dimensions than their controls. There were no differences in the adult groups. CONCLUSION: The corticosteroids seem to reduce the late growth of lesion, in addition to attenuate the fibrotic proliferation in the infant and pubescent rats.FUNDAMENTO: Os corticosteroides limitam o crescimento tardio das lesões por radiofrequência (RF) no músculo da coxa de ratos filhotes, mas seus efeitos em ratos púberes e adultos são desconhecidos. OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos dos corticoesteroides na cicatrização das lesões por RF no músculo da coxa de ratos em diferentes faixas etárias. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se ablação no músculo da coxa de 30 ratos (1 lesão por animal): infantis (30 dias de idade, peso 73 g, n = 10), púberes (60 dias de idade, peso 230 g, n = 10) e 10 adultos (90 dias de idade, 310 g, n = 10), subdivididos em controles e tratados, que receberam Hidrocortisona (10 mg/kg IM pós-RF) e Betametasona (3,5 mg/kg IM, duas vezes por semana, por 29 dias). Os ratos foram sacrificados 60 dias após a ablação para análise histopatológica e planimétrica com software específico (ImageJ®). RESULTADOS: Nos infantis, púberes e adultos o ganho de peso no seguimento não diferiu entre controles e tratados. Nos controles, as lesões dos infantis e púberes eram maiores (p = 0,01) que as dos adultos. O tratamento reduziu o tamanho da lesão nos infantis (5,58+0,61 mm² vs 4,02+0,23 mm²; p < 0,01) e nos púberes (5,20+0,47 mm² vs 4,16+0,48 mm²; p < 0,01), mas não nos adultos (4,44+0,50 mm² vs 4,79+0,53 mm², p = NS). Tratados Infantil e Púbere apresentaram menor deposição de colágeno e menos traves fibróticas invadindo o tecido saudável a partir da área de fibrose central, e compondo lesão de dimensões notadamente mais reduzidas que seus controles. Não houve diferenças nos grupos adultos. CONCLUSÃO: Os corticoesteroides parecem reduzir o crescimento tardio da lesão, além de atenuar a proliferação fibrótica nos ratos infantis e púberes.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de MedicinaUNIFESP, EPMSciEL

Association of food access and neighbor relationships with diet and underweight among community-dwelling older Japanese

Background: Food access is important for maintaining dietary variety, which predicts underweight. The aim of this study was to examine the association of food access and neighbor relationships with eating and underweight.Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional data from 102,869 Japanese individuals aged 65 years or older. The perceived availability of food was assessed using the presence or absence of food stores within 1 km of the home. Level of relationships with neighbors was also assessed. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for infrequent food intake and underweight were determined using logistic regression analysis.Results: The proportion of men and women having low access to food was 25-30%. Having low food access (OR 1.18; 95% CI, 1.12-1.25 for men and OR 1.26; 95% CI, 1.19-1.33 for women) and a low level of relationship with neighbors (OR 1.38; 95% CI, 1.31-1.45 for men and OR 1.57; 95% CI, 1.48-1.67 for women) was associated with infrequent intake of fruits and vegetables in both sexes. Association between low food access and infrequent intake of fruits and vegetables was higher among men with low levels of neighbor relationship (OR 1.34; 95% CI, 1.23-1.46) than among men with high levels of relationship (OR 1.10; 95% CI, 1.03-1.18).Conclusions: Low perceived availability of food is a risk factor for low dietary variety among older people. Furthermore, high levels of relationship with neighbors may relieve the harmful effect of low food access.　　　© 2017 The Authors. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of The Japan Epidemiological Association. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0/)

Impact of corticosteroids on late growth of radiofrequency lesions in infant pigs: histopathological and electroanatomical findings

Aims Corticosteroids attenuate late growth of radiofrequency (RF) lesions in the thigh muscle of infant rats. We sought to assess the impact of these drugs on the late growth of RF lesions in immature swine myocardium and to determine the electroanatomical mapping (EAM) characteristics of these lesions.Methods and results Radiofrequency (60 degrees C; 60 s) lesions were created in the right atrium (n = 2) and ventricle (n = 2) of 14 piglets (age 65 days; weight 5 kg) and 3 adults. Piglets were divided into: controls (n 7) and treated (n 7), receiving hydrocortisone (10 mg/kg iv after RF) and prednisone (1 mg/kg/day) for 29 days. After 8 months, animals were sacrificed for histological analysis. in four piglets, endocardial and epicardial voltage EAM were performed.In infant groups, the dimensions of atrial (11 +/- 5 vs. 13 +/- 7 mm) and ventricular (12 +/- 3 vs. 11 +/- 3 mm) lesions were similar. in adults, atrial (6 +/- 1 mm) and ventricular (6 +/- 1 mm) lesions were smaller. in controls, ventricular lesions depicted dense fibrosis and multiple strands of fibrous tissue extending from the lesion into normal muscle. Treated piglets revealed scars exhibiting less dense fibrosis with predominance of fibroadipose tissue and less collagen proliferation. Large atrial and ventricular low-voltage areas corresponding to the macroscopic lesions were identified in all animals.Conclusion Radiofrequency lesions in infant pigs reveal late growth and invasion of normal muscle by intense collagen proliferation. Corticosteroids do not prevent late enlargement of the lesions but modulate the fibrotic proliferation. the expressive growth of the lesion may generate low-voltage areas detectable by EAM.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Discipline Cardiol, Paulista Sch Med, BR-04039030 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Pathol, Paulista Sch Med, BR-04039030 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Discipline Cardiol, Paulista Sch Med, BR-04039030 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Pathol, Paulista Sch Med, BR-04039030 São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Are the virtual lines created with the ensite electroanatomical mapping system really continuous?

BACKGROUND: EnSiteNavx electroanatomic mapping system is widely used in radiofrequency (RF) atrial fibrillation ablation, helping the creation of linear lesions. However, the correspondence of the virtual line created by EnSite with the pathological lesion has not yet been evaluated. OBJECTIVE: to assess the continuousness of Ensite-guided virtual lines in a swine model. METHODS: we performed RF ablation linear lesions (8mm and irrigated catheters tips) in both atria of 14 pigs (35Kg) guided by the EnSite. The animals were sacrificed 14 days post-ablation for macroscopic and histological analysis. RESULTS: a total of 23 lines in the right atrium and 21 lines in the left atrium were created in 14 animals. The medium power, impedance and temperature applications were 56 W, 54 ºC and 231 Ω for the 8mm tip, and 39W, 37ºC, 194 Ω for the irrigated tip catheter, respectively. All (100%) lines were identified on the epicardial and endocardial surfaces, denoting transmurality. At macroscopic examination, lesions were extensive and pale, continuous, with 3.61 cm long and 0.71 cm deep. The transmurality of the lesions was confirmed by microscopy. There was a correlation in the location of the lines at the virtual map and the anatomical lesions in 21 of 23 (91.3%) of the right atrium and 19/21 (90.4%) of the left atrium. CONCLUSION: In this model, the lines created in the virtual map by EnSiteNavX system correspond to continuous transmural linear lesions in anatomical specimen, suggesting that this method is suitable for linear ablation of atrial fibrillation.FUNDAMENTO: O sistema de mapeamento eletro anatômico Ensite Navx é muito usado na ablação por radiofrequência (RF) da fibrilação atrial, ajudando na confecção de lesões lineares. Contudo, a correspondência da linha virtual criada pelo Ensite com a lesão patológica ainda não foi avaliada. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a continuidade da linha virtual criada pelo Ensite em modelo suíno. MÉTODOS: Realizamos ablação linear por RF (cateter de 8 mm e irrigado) em ambos os átrios de 14 suínos (35 kg) guiada pelo EnSite. Os animais foram sacrificados 14 dias pós-ablação para análise macroscópica e histológica. RESULTADOS: Foram confeccionadas 23 lesões lineares em átrio direito e 21 em átrio esquerdo dos 14 animais. A potência, temperatura e impedância médias das aplicações foram de 56 W, 54 ºC e 231 Ω para o cateter de 8mm, e de 39 W, 37 ºC e 194 Ω para o cateter irrigado. Todas (100%) as linhas foram identificadas nas faces epicárdica e endocárdica, denotando transmuralidade. À macroscopia, as lesões eram extensas e pálidas, com 3,61 cm de comprimento e 0,71 cm de profundidade e contínuas. A transmuralidade das lesões foi confirmada pela microscopia. Houve correspondência na localização das linhas do mapa virtual com as da peça anatômica em 21 das 23 (91,3%) das linhas do átrio direito e 19/21 (90,4%) do átrio esquerdo. CONCLUSÃO: Nesse modelo, as linhas criadas no mapa virtual pelo sistema EnSiteNavX se correlacionam a lesões lineares transmurais contínuas na peça anatômica, sugerindo que esse método é adequado para a ablação linear da fibrilação atrial.FAPESPUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Disciplina de CardiologiaHospital Israelita Albert Einstein Centro de ArritmiaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Disciplina de PatologiaUNIFESP, Disciplina de CardiologiaUNIFESP, Disciplina de PatologiaSciEL

Effects of pretreatment with atenolol on myocardial damage in a model of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion in rats: histological and biochemistry analysis

Purpose: Inflammation has been shown to induce cardiac damage in multiple cardiovascular diseases produced by various insults, including intestinal ischemia-reperfusion. The protective role of atenolol, a beta-1-selective blocker, in myocardial damage after intestinal ischemia/reperfusion is not well understood. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of atenolol as possible cytoprotective drug in myocardial injury by intestinal ischemia - reperfusion in rat model. Materials: Rats were randomly exposed to sham operation, the groups are divided in intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (IR), with saline solution (SS) infusion (SS+IR), and atenolol (AT) infusion and intestinal IR (AT+IR) using atenolol in one and two doses at 2 mg/kg. Results: The results demonstrated that compared of untreated IR group to treated IR groups, AT reduced ventricular wall damage area, serum TNF-? (from SS+IR: 287.42±3.95 pg/ml to AT+IR: 231.28±9.16 pg/ml and AT+I+AT+R : 195.86±13.18 pg/ml, and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) (MDA = SS+IR: 7.96±0.15 pmol/mg to AT+IR: 5.6±0.14 pmol/mg and AT+I+AT+R: 4.9±0.07 pmol/mg), data expressed in mean ± M. Conclusion: Our research suggested that atenolol reduced cardiac effects against intestinal IR injury in rats, which may be attributed to attenuating inflammation and oxidative stress and ameliorated cardiac dysfunction.Introdução: O processo inflamatório, como tem sido mostrado, induz danos cardíacos nas diversas doenças cardiovasculares produzidos por vários insultos, incluindo a isquemia-reperfusão intestinal. O papel citoprotetor do atenolol, um bloqueador beta-1-seletivo, nas lesões do miocárdio por isquemia-reperfusão intestinal, ainda não é bem compreendido. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do atenolol como possível droga citoprotetora na lesão miocárdica por isquemia-reperfusão intestinal no modelo experimental em ratos. Materiais: Os ratos foram aleatoriamente distribuídos em grupos: Grupo Sham; Grupo com Solução Salina (SS + IR), Grupo tratado com uma dose de atenolol (AT+IR) e Grupo tratado com duas doses de atenolol (AT+I+AT+R) de 2 mg / kg. Resultados: Os resultados demonstraram que, em comparação aos grupos IR tratados ao grupo IR não tratado, houve redução das áreas de dano das paredes ventriculares, o fator de necrose tumoral-alfa no soro (de SS+IR: 287,42±3,95 pg/ml, para AT+IR: 231,28±9,16 pg/ml e AT+I+AT+R: 195,86±13,18 pg/ml), e o nível de malondialdeído (MDA) (de SS+IR: 7,96±0,15 pmol/mg; para AT+IR: 5,6±0,14 pmol/mg e AT+I+AT+R: 4,9±0,07 pmol/mg). Análise Estatística: A análise estatística foi realizada utilizando o teste de ANOVA e os dados expressos em média?ME. Conclusão: Nossa pesquisa sugeriu que o atenolol reduziu significativamente a lesão cardíaca pela IR intestinal em ratos, que pode ser atribuída à atenuação da inflamação, do estresse oxidativo e à melhora na disfunção cardíaca.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Dados abertos - Sucupira - Teses e dissertações (2013 a 2016