194 research outputs found

    What became of labour market segmentation in France : its changing design

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    survey bibliographiqueInternational audienceA survey of thirty years of French literature suggests an assessment of the segmentationist perspective today: a compulsory theoretical reference as soon as one debates the varied nature of the employment relationship; and an old-fashioned reference that is now obscured by more general analyses either of social inequalities or of historical dynamics of productive systems. Reformulations of segmentationist models could give them a better place today.Un survey de trente années de littérature française suggÚre que la théorie de la segmentation du marché du travail est aujourd'hui sur une position contradictoire : c'est simultanément une référence obligée des débats sur la diversité des modalités de la relation d'emploi ; une référence démodée pour les travaux portant sur les inégalités sociales ou sur les dynamiques historiques des systÚmes productifs. Les reformulations segmentationnistes contemporaines peuvent redonner à la perspective segmentationniste une place plus centrale dans les débats d'aujourd'hu

    Experimental investigation on the dynamic characteristics and transverse vibration instabilities of transmission belts

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    Serpentine belt drives are often used in front end accessory drive of automotive engine. Dynamic characteristics of belts play an important role in the behavior of such transmission and are inputs of simulation software. Moreover, free belt spans exhibit transverse vibration non linear instabilities. An experimental investigation is conducted on multi-ribbed belts, first for the determination of longitudinal stiffness and damping, bending rigidity, then to highlight the belt span transverse instabilities. An experimental set-up has been designed, it enables ,the observation and analysis of instabilities of belt spans axially excited, the determination of instability chart

    Les formes particuliĂšres d'emploi en France : un Ă©tat des lieux

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    URL des Documents de travail : http://centredeconomiesorbonne.univ-paris1.fr/bandeau-haut/documents-de-travail/Documents de travail du Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne 2010.82 - ISSN : 1955-611XThis paper is the French contribution for an international comparative survey directed by the Japan Institute for Labour Policy and Training (Tokyo). It assesses available empirical data, analyses and debates. It obeys to the standard architecture of the international questionnaire : definitions, usual evaluations and main characteristics of the various non standard employment relationships ; brief outline of reasons for use that are invoked ; a few key topics that are discussed in the international scene (willingness of non regular employment, opportunities for transitions towards permanent positions ; equivalence of treatment ; resistance of employment stability, etc.).Ce document est la contribution française Ă  une enquĂȘte comparative internationale dirigĂ©e par le Japan Institute for Labour Policy and Training (Tokyo). Il dresse un bilan des connaissances, des analyses et des dĂ©bats sur la question des formes particuliĂšres d'emploi. Il obĂ©it Ă  l'architecture du questionnaire d'enquĂȘte : dĂ©finitions, mesures usuelles et principales caractĂ©ristiques des diverses formes d'emploi non standard ; tableau rapide des raisons qui rendent compte de la diffusion de ces formes d'emploi ; thĂšmes clĂ©s, objets de controverses au plan international (nature volontaire du choix d'un emploi non standard, possibilitĂ©s d'accĂšs Ă  un emploi permanent, Ă©quivalence de traitement, maintien de la stabilitĂ© d'emploi ou montĂ©e de l'insĂ©curitĂ©, etc.)

    L'emploi non permanent en France: Un Ă©tat des lieux

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    Rapport pour le Japan Institute for Labour Policy and TrainingCe document est la rĂ©ponse française Ă  un « questionnaire » d'enquĂȘte internationale menĂ©e par le Japan Institute for Labour Policy and Training (Tokyo) « Non-Regular Employment in Europe and the United States ». Il a donc Ă©tĂ© rĂ©digĂ© Ă  l'intention d'un lectorat peu familier de la problĂ©matique française des Formes ParticuliĂšres d'Emploi. Nous avons conservĂ© dans ce document les principaux en-tĂȘtes du questionnaire original

    Les formes particuliĂšres d'emploi en France : un Ă©tat des lieux

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    Ce document est la contribution française Ă  une enquĂȘte comparative internationale dirigĂ©e par le Japan Institute for Labour Policy and Training (Tokyo). Il dresse un bilan des connaissances, des analyses et des dĂ©bats sur la question des formes particuliĂšres d'emploi. Il obĂ©it Ă  l'architecture du questionnaire d'enquĂȘte : dĂ©finitions, mesures usuelles et principales caractĂ©ristiques des diverses formes d'emploi non standard ; tableau rapide des raisons qui rendent compte de la diffusion de ces formes d'emploi ; thĂšmes clĂ©s, objets de controverses au plan international (nature volontaire du choix d'un emploi non standard, possibilitĂ©s d'accĂšs Ă  un emploi permanent, Ă©quivalence de traitement, maintien de la stabilitĂ© d'emploi ou montĂ©e de l'insĂ©curitĂ©, etc.).Emploi temporaire, emploi Ă  temps partiel, politiques de l'emploi, nĂ©gociation sociale.

    Decent working time: New trends, new issues.

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    Includes selected papers from the 9th International Symposium on Working Time, Paris (2004), looking at the increasing use of results-based employment relationships for managers and professionals, and the increasing fragmentation of time to more closely tailor staffing needs to customer requirements (e.g., short-hours, part-time work). Moreover, as operating/opening hours rapidly expand toward a 24-hour and 7-day economy, the book considers how this has resulted in a growing diversification, decentralization, and individualization of working hours, as well as an increasing tension between enterprises' business requirements and workers' needs and preferences regarding their hours. It addresses issues such as increasing employment insecurity and instability, time-related social inequalities, particularly in relation to gender, workers' ability to balance their paid work with their personal lives, and the synchronization of working hours with social times, such as community activities. In addition, the book offers suggestions on how policy-makers, academics, and the social partners can together help further develop effective policies for advancing "decent working timeRéduction du temps de travail; Aménagement du temps de travail; Horaires de travail; Labor laws and legislation; Developed countries; Trend; Arrangement of working time; Flexible hours of work; Hours of work;

    L'intérim : un secteur dual entre protection et précarité

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    URL des Documents de travail : http://ces.univ-paris1.fr/cesdp/CESFramDP2009.htmClassification JEL : J49, J38, L6, L8.Documents de travail du Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne 2009.14 - ISSN : 1955-611XThis working paper analyses temporary agency work in France, focusing both on the regulatory framework of the sector, and on the characteristics of firms and employees. The growth of the sector over the last 15 years has favoured the concentration of the big firms, but the smallest agencies have not disappeared, which results in an increased segmentation. Such a characteristic can also be identified at the level of the workers' profiles : a segment of qualified and specialized temporary workers has emerged, but the large majority of agency workers remain in the industrial sector, where it is used as a flexibility tool. Globally temporary agency work remains characterized by low income (given discontinuities between the missions, or part time work), hard working conditions, and a limited access to training (with a majority of very short training sessions). However the analysis of some low wage sectors, like hotels and restaurants, or food industry, reveals that temporary agency work is challenged by other types of flexible contracts that offer a lower level of protection for workers.Ce document de travail présente une analyse du secteur de l'intérim en France, à partir des rÚgles qui l'encadrent, et des caractéristiques des entreprises et des intérimaires. La dynamique trÚs favorable du secteur pendant les 15 derniÚres années s'est accompagnée d'une dynamique de concentration pour les plus grandes entreprises, qui n'a cependant pas fait disparaßtre les petites agences spécialisées, ce qui entraßne une segmentation accrue. On retrouve ce type de phénomÚne au niveau de la population des intérimaires, avec l'apparition d'un intérim spécialisé et qualifié, parallÚle au maintien de l'intérim industriel comme outil de flexibilité massif. Globalement, malgré ces tendances récentes, l'intérim demeure par ailleurs synonyme d'une rémunération globale faible, compte tenu des interruptions nombreuses entre les missions ou du temps partiel, de conditions de travail difficiles, et d'un accÚs à la formation se limitant le plus souvent à des formation courtes d'adaptation

    Dissipation mechanisms identification of soft hollow particle-dampers in honeycomb structures for micro-vibrations environment

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    Particle dampers are enclosures partially filled with metallic or glass small spheres, attached to the vibrating structure. This paper deals with replacing hard classical particles by soft hollow ones to maximize damping and mass ratio. Hence, one aspect of this damping method is obtained by mixing the kinetic energy conversion of the structure into heat(frictional losses and collisions) and the elastic energy conversion into heat (visco-elastic deformation). This study is oriented toward experimental and theoretical investigations in order to distinguish the dissipation phenomena. The experimental approach first relies on identification and, then, on validation applied on composite aluminum honeycomb plates. Indeed, equivalent viscous damping is identified on small honeycomb samples; then cantilever honeycomb beams are filled with particles and studied. Theoretically, beyond the nonlinear dissipation by impact and friction, these particles add a visco-elastic behavior. The shapes of the hysteretic loops highlight that this behavior is predominant. Hence, oscillators are added in the FE model and permit to consider the effect of the particles. These kinds of particle dampers are highly nonlinear as a function of excitation frequency and amplitudes. The aim of this study is to provide a structural damping solution for space applications which require high pointing stability to enhance mission performances. In this perspective, damping of micro-vibrations was thought as a possible application; nevertheless it is shown that best efficiency is achieved in high frequency range

    Decent working time in industrialized countries: issues, scopes and paradox

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    International audienceThis chapter attempts to analyse the ways in which the trends and stakes of working time have changed during recent decades (section 1.2). The utility of the concept of “decent working time” will then be examined in the light of these changes, by emphasizing its heuristic contribution, and the perspectives and implications that the term suggests in respect of working time policy (section 1.3). The limits and even the paradoxes of such a concept when applied to a heterogeneous world of national spaces can thus be stipulated. The paradoxes and contradictions of policies, in this case EU ones, will then be stressed (section 1.4). Finally, we will show how the notion of “decent working time” suggests some reconfigurations of these policies (section 1.5)

    L'intérim : un secteur dual entre protection et précarité

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    Ce document de travail présente une analyse du secteur de l'intérim en France, à partir des rÚgles qui l'encadrent, et des caractéristiques des entreprises et des intérimaires. La dynamique trÚs favorable du secteur pendant les 15 derniÚres années s'est accompagnée d'une dynamique de concentration pour les plus grandes entreprises, qui n'a cependant pas fait disparaßtre les petites agences spécialisées, ce qui entraßne une segmentation accrue. On retrouve ce type de phénomÚne au niveau de la population des intérimaires, avec l'apparition d'un intérim spécialisé et qualifié, parallÚle au maintien de l'intérim industriel comme outil de flexibilité massif. Globalement, malgré ces tendances récentes, l'intérim demeure par ailleurs synonyme d'une rémunération globale faible, compte tenu des interruptions nombreuses entre les missions ou du temps partiel, de conditions de travail difficiles, et d'un accÚs à la formation se limitant le plus souvent à des formation courtes d'adaptation.Intérim ; France ; Europe ; bas salaires ; qualité de l'emploi
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