マウス骨髄性白血病細胞の増殖と分化に関する研究

京都大学0048新制・論文博士医学博士乙第2990号論医博第641号新制||医||212(附属図書館)4447UT51-61-I222(主査)教授 野島 徳吉, 教授 沼 正作, 教授 松本 清一学位規則第5条第2項該当Kyoto UniversityDA

ERK-mediated curvature feedback regulates branching morphogenesis in lung epithelial tissue

細胞集団の曲率がカギとなる形作りの仕組み --肺が自律的に枝分かれする原理を提唱--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2024-02-02.Intricate branching patterns emerge in internal organs due to the recurrent occurrence of simple deformations in epithelial tissues. During murine lung development, epithelial cells in distal tips of the single tube require fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signals emanating from their surrounding mesenchyme to form repetitive tip bifurcations. However, it remains unknown how the cells employ FGF signaling to convert their behaviors to achieve the recursive branching processes. Here, we show a mechano-chemical regulatory system underlying lung branching morphogenesis, orchestrated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) as a downstream driver of FGF signaling. We found that tissue-scale curvature regulated ERK activity in the lung epithelium using two-photon live cell imaging and mechanical perturbations. ERK activation occurs specifically in epithelial tissues exhibiting positive curvature, regardless of whether the change in curvature was attributable to morphogenesis or perturbations. Moreover, ERK activation accelerates actin polymerization preferentially at the apical side of cells, mechanically contributing to the extension of the apical membrane, culminating in a reduction of epithelial tissue curvature. These results indicate the existence of a negative feedback loop between tissue curvature and ERK activity that transcends spatial scales. Our mathematical model confirms that this regulatory mechanism is sufficient to generate the recursive branching processes. Taken together, we propose that ERK orchestrates a curvature feedback loop pivotal to the self-organized patterning of tissues

第5章 新国富（Inclusive Wealth）における多様な資本の連関

This chapter put forward an outline of inclusive wealth (IW) and carried out its analysis mainly in terms of Japan based on the estimated values of the three facets of IW capital: produced capital (PC), human capital (HC), and natural capital (NC). As an analysis of its contents, there are three indexes of IW, which are the total amount, the per-capita index, and productivity (i.e., value added divided by IW). As for the specific contents, it verified a comparison between 1990 and 2014 for the whole world (Section 3), for the IW of Japan (Section 3), a comparison between Japan and G7 (Section 4), a look at the IW by prefecture (Section 5), and the relevance of IW to measuring the damage due to the Nankai Trough earthquake (NTE) (Section 6).Book chapterYagi Michiyuki, Managi Shunsuke. "Chapter 5. Various Capital Linkages in Inclusive Wealth". ESD and Social Resilience in the SDGs Era. Sato, M., Kitamura, Y., and Managi, S. (Eds.). Tsukuba-shobo, 2020, p. 121-154.boo

Experimental pathology by intravital microscopy and genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors

The invention of two-photon excitation microscopes widens the potential application of intravital microscopy (IVM) to the broad field of experimental pathology. Moreover, the recent development of fluorescent protein-based, genetically encoded biosensors provides an ideal tool to visualize the cell function in live animals. We start from a brief review of IVM with two-photon excitation microscopes and genetically encoded biosensors based on the principle of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). Then, we describe how IVM using biosensors has revealed the pathogenesis of several disease models

Rhodopsin-mediated light-off-induced protein kinase A activation in mouse rod photoreceptor cells

網膜の知られざる光応答を顕微鏡観察で発見 --光センサー細胞が暗黒に反応した--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2020-10-14.Detect with PKAchu. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2020-10-30.Light-induced extrasynaptic dopamine release in the retina reduces adenosine 3′, 5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) in rod photoreceptor cells, which is thought to mediate light-dependent desensitization. However, the fine time course of the cAMP dynamics in rods remains elusive due to technical difficulty. Here, we visualized the spatiotemporal regulation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) in mouse rods by two-photon live imaging of retinal explants of PKAchu mice, which express a fluorescent biosensor for PKA. Unexpectedly, in addition to the light-on-induced suppression, we observed prominent light-off-induced PKA activation. This activation required photopic light intensity and was confined to the illuminated rods. The estimated maximum spectral sensitivity of 489 nm and loss of the light-off-induced PKA activation in rod-transducin-knockout retinas strongly suggest the involvement of rhodopsin. In support of this notion, rhodopsin-deficient retinal explants showed only the light-on-induced PKA suppression. Taken together, these results suggest that, upon photopic light stimulation, rhodopsin and dopamine signals are integrated to shape the light-off-induced cAMP production and following PKA activation. This may support the dark adaptation of rods

Knowledge acquisition technique from the observation data with rough set theory.

In this studies, I describe about a fundamental general idea of rough set that attracted attention as foundations technology to treat the knowledge that can\u27t be distinguished in observation data, and possibility of application of rough set in acquisition of experienced knowledge in observation data. And, I extract very small decision algorithm in observation data of collapse danger degree diagnosis of nature slope, and suggest a method to guide a rules using the result. At the same time, observation data include the case that contradiction is contained, and it is necessary to expel these observation data which contradicted when take down judgment. So, I show it using real observation data about a method to extract these contradiction