Controle genético da concentração de ferro em sementes de feijão comum mesoamericano e andino

The objective of this work was to evaluate the main differences in the genetic control of the iron concentration in Mesoamerican and Andean common bean seeds, in early generations, and to select recombinants with a high iron concentration in the seeds. F1, F1 reciprocal, F2, F2 reciprocal, and backcross (BC11 and BC11) generations were produced by crosses between Mesoamerican (CNFP 10104 x CHC 01‑175) and Andean (Cal 96 x Hooter) inbred lines. The expression of significant maternal effect was observed for the Mesoamerican gene pool. Iron concentration was higher in the seed coat of Mesoamerican common bean seeds (54.61 to 67.92%) and in the embryo of Andean common bean seeds (69.40 to 73.44%). High broad-sense heritability was obtained for iron concentration in Mesoamerican and Andean common bean seeds. Gains with the selection of higher magnitude, from 20.39 to 24.58%, are expected in Mesoamerican common bean seeds. Iron concentration in common bean seeds showed a continuous distribution in F2, which is characteristic of quantitative inheritance in Mesoamerican and Andean common bean seeds. Recombinants with high iron concentration in seeds can be selected in both Mesoamerican and Andean common bean hybrids.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as principais diferenças no controle genético da concentração de ferro em sementes de feijão comum mesoamericano e andino, em gerações precoces, e selecionar recombinantes com alta concentração de ferro nas sementes. Foram obtidas as gerações F1, F1 recíproco, F2, F2 recíproco e de retrocruzamentos (RC11 e RC12), a partir de cruzamentos entre linhagens mesoamericanas (CNFP 10104 x CHC 01‑175) e andinas (Cal 96 x Hooter). A expressão de efeito materno significativo foi observada no grupo gênico mesoamericano. A concentração de ferro foi maior no tegumento das sementes de feijão comum mesoamericano (54,61 a 67,92%) e no embrião das sementes de feijão comum andino (69,40 a 73,44%). Alta estimativa de herdabilidade no sentido amplo foi obtida para a concentração de ferro em sementes de feijão comum mesoamericano e andino. Ganhos com a seleção de maior magnitude, de 20,39 a 24,58%, são esperados nas sementes de feijão comum mesoamericano. A concentração de ferro nas sementes de feijão comum apresentou distribuição contínua em F2, o que é característico de herança quantitativa em feijão comum mesoamericano e andino. Recombinantes com alta concentração de ferro nas sementes podem ser selecionados nos híbridos de feijão comum mesoamericano e andino

Genetic control of iron concentration in Mesoamerican and Andean common bean seeds

The objective of this work was to evaluate the main differences in the genetic control of the iron concentration in Mesoamerican and Andean common bean seeds, in early generations, and to select recombinants with a high iron concentration in the seeds. F1, F1 reciprocal, F2, F2 reciprocal, and backcross (BC11 and BC12) generations were produced by crosses between Mesoamerican (CNFP 10104 x CHC 01-175) and Andean (Cal 96 x Hooter) inbred lines. The expression of significant maternal effect was observed for the Mesoamerican gene pool. Iron concentration was higher in the seed coat of Mesoamerican common bean seeds (54.61 to 67.92%) and in the embryo of Andean common bean seeds (69.40 to 73.44%). High broad-sense heritability was obtained for iron concentration in Mesoamerican and Andean common bean seeds. Gains with the selection of higher magnitude, from 20.39 to 24.58%, are expected in Mesoamerican common bean seeds. Iron concentration in common bean seeds showed a continuous distribution in F2, which is characteristic of quantitative inheritance in Mesoamerican and Andean common bean seeds. Recombinants with high iron concentration in seeds can be selected in both Mesoamerican and Andean common bean hybrids

Genetic control of iron concentration in Mesoamerican and Andean common bean seeds

The objective of this work was to evaluate the main differences in the genetic control of the iron concentration in Mesoamerican and Andean common bean seeds, in early generations, and to select recombinants with a high iron concentration in the seeds. F1, F1 reciprocal, F2, F2 reciprocal, and backcross (BC11 and BC12) generations were produced by crosses between Mesoamerican (CNFP 10104 x CHC 01-175) and Andean (Cal 96 x Hooter) inbred lines. The expression of significant maternal effect was observed for the Mesoamerican gene pool. Iron concentration was higher in the seed coat of Mesoamerican common bean seeds (54.61 to 67.92%) and in the embryo of Andean common bean seeds (69.40 to 73.44%). High broad-sense heritability was obtained for iron concentration in Mesoamerican and Andean common bean seeds. Gains with the selection of higher magnitude, from 20.39 to 24.58%, are expected in Mesoamerican common bean seeds. Iron concentration in common bean seeds showed a continuous distribution in F2, which is characteristic of quantitative inheritance in Mesoamerican and Andean common bean seeds. Recombinants with high iron concentration in seeds can be selected in both Mesoamerican and Andean common bean hybrids

Methods of selecting common bean lines having high yield, early cycle and erect growth

Selection for grain yield, combined with phenological and morphological characteristics of agricultural interest, represents technological advances in the common bean. The objectives of this work were to estimate genetic parameters and the efficiency of both the Pedigree and Single-Seed Descent (SSD) methods for progression segregating populations in order to obtain common bean lines superior in grain yield, precocity and plant architecture. To do this, 136 inbred lines obtained using the Pedigree method, and 136 inbred lines obtained by SSD method were evaluated in a 17 x 17 simple lattice design, integrating the 272 inbred lines in the F7 generation and 17 cultivars as control. Estimates of moderate narrow sense heritability were obtained for grain yield, lodging and insertion of the first pod. The cycle and general adaptation note showed low heritability for the F7 generation. The Pedigree method allows obtaining a greater number of lines of high grain yield, early cycle and a lower general adaptation note (best adaptability). Selection using the Single-Seed Descent method allows the identification of a larger number of lines with lower notes for lodging and higher insertion of the first pod

<b>Growth, grain yield and calcium, potassium and magnesium accumulation in common bean plants as related to calcium nutrition

The objective of this work was to evaluate the plant growth and grain yield characteristics and the accumulation of calcium, potassium and magnesium in the leaves and grains of common bean cultivars grown with different calcium concentrations in the nutrient solution. Two experiments were conducted with nutrient solutions in a soilless system in a greenhouse. In the first experiment, five calcium concentrations (1.10, 1.65, 2.20, 2.75 and 3.30 mmol L-1) and three common bean cultivars (Iraí, BRS Expedito and Carioca) were evaluated. Higher calcium concentrations (2.20, 2.75, 3.30, 3.85, 4.40 and 4.95 mmol L-1)and two common bean cultivars (BRS Expedito and Carioca) were tested in the second experiment. Dry mass of the shoot and root, grain yield and calcium accumulation in the leaves and grains increased linearly in common bean plants supplied with calcium concentrations between 2.20 and 4.95 mmol L-1. The high calcium concentration did not reduce the accumulation of calcium, potassium and magnesium in the leaves and grains. Common bean plants grown with high calcium concentrations present higher dry mass of the shoot and root, high grain yield and high calcium concentration in the leaves and grains.

Seleção de cultivares crioulas de feijão com base no desempenho agronômico, cozimento e concentração de minerais

The potential use of common bean land cultivars with respect to their agronomic performance, cooking time and nutritional quality has scarcely been evaluated in breeding programs. The objective of the present study was to evaluate 19 common bean land cultivars for their agronomic traits, cooking time, and mineral concentration in grains to identify cultivars for potential use by a higher number of farmers or even breeding programs. Two field experiments were conducted in Alegrete and Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil, in the 2012/2013 season. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks with three replications. A total of 23 cultivars were evaluated; 19 land cultivars were obtained from smallholder farmers from RS, and there were four control cultivars (Carioca, Pérola, Valente, and Guapo Brilhante). The traits evaluated included the cycle, insertion of the first pod, grain yield, cooking time, and concentrations of calcium, iron, zinc, and copper in the grains. The data were subjected to joint variance analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, and the Z index. The common bean cultivars showed differences in the cycle, insertion of the first pod, grain yield, cooking time, calcium, iron, zinc, and copper concentrations in grains, and the Z index. The cultivars Preto Miúdo and Cavalo Rajado had a high grain yield, i.e., greater than 2,900 kg ha-1. The land cultivars were classified as having early and intermediate cycles, and all had cooking times less than 30 min. Palha Roxa, Carioca Vermelho, and Perdiz had high concentrations of calcium, iron, zinc, and copper in the grains, an intermediate cycle, and low grain yield. Positive correlations of moderate magnitude were observed between the calcium and iron (r= 0.597), iron and zinc (r= 0.570), and zinc and copper (r= 0.548) concentrations. Indirect selection for high iron or zinc concentrations in grains will be effective for obtaining common bean cultivars with a higher nutritional quality. A cross between Carioca Santa Maria and Guapo Brilhante cultivar is recommended to obtain segregants with high agronomic performance, fast cooking, and high minerals concentration of in the grains.O potencial de uso das cultivares crioulas de feijão quanto ao desempenho agronômico e a qualidade de cozimento e nutricional foi pouco avaliado pelos programas de melhoramento. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar 19 cultivares crioulas de feijão quanto aos caracteres agronômicos, tempo de cozimento e concentração de minerais nos grãos, de forma a identificar cultivares com potencial de uso por mais agricultores e mesmo em programas de melhoramento. Dois experimentos de campo foram conduzidos em Alegrete e em Santa Maria, RS, Brasil, no ano agrícola 2012/2013. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso com três repetições, e 23 cultivares foram avaliadas, 19 cultivares crioulas obtidas com agricultores familiares do RS e quatro testemunhas (Carioca, Pérola, Valente e Guapo Brilhante). Os caracteres avaliados foram ciclo, altura de inserção da primeira vagem, produtividade de grãos, tempo de cozimento e concentração de cálcio, ferro, zinco e cobre nos grãos. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância conjunta, a análise de correlação de Pearson e ao índice Z . As cultivares de feijão apresentaram diferenças para ciclo, altura de inserção da primeira vagem, produtividade de grãos, tempo de cozimento, concentração de cálcio, ferro, zinco e cobre nos grãos e índice Z . As cultivares Preto Miúdo e Cavalo Rajado apresentaram alta produtividade de grãos, superior a 2.900 kg ha-1. As cultivares crioulas foram classificadas em ciclo precoce e intermediário, e todas foram de cozimento inferior a 30 minutos. Palha Roxa, Carioca Vermelho e Perdiz apresentaram alta concentração de cálcio, ferro, zinco e cobre nos grãos, ciclo intermediário e baixa produtividade de grãos. Estimativas de correlação positiva e de moderada magnitude foram observadas entre a concentração de cálcio e ferro (r= 0,597), ferro e zinco (r= 0,570) e zinco e cobre (r= 0,548). A seleção indireta para alta concentração de ferro ou de zinco nos grãos será eficiente para a obtenção de cultivares de feijão de maior qualidade nutricional. O cruzamento entre as cultivares Carioca Santa Maria e Guapo Brilhante é recomendado para a obtenção de segregantes com alto desempenho agronômico, cozimento rápido e alta concentração de minerais nos grãos

Selection of common bean lines for calcium use efficiency

The study of the calcium use efficiency in common bean is unprecedented. Therefore, the objectives of this work were to evaluate the genetic variability of common bean lines for plant growth and grain yield characters, the calcium accumulation in different plant tissues at low and high calcium availabilities, and to select common bean lines with high calcium use efficiency and responsive to the calcium application by different indices. Twelve common bean lines were supplied with a nutrient solution at low (1.10 mmol L-1) and high (3.85 mmol L-1) calcium concentration and were evaluated. The L 15 line reached the higher values of dry mass of shoot, number of pods and grains per plant, number of grains per pod and grain yield at the low calcium concentration. Calcium accumulation in tissues was, on average, higher in leaves, followed by stems, pods and grains. The L 175 and L 159 lines have higher calcium concentration in grains (> 1.1 g kg-1 MS), regardless of the calcium concentration supplied to plants. The L15 line is efficient in calcium use. The L 221 and L 159 lines are responsive to the calcium application in the rooting medium