Concept et réalisation de formulations chimiques non toxiques pour les dispositifs médicaux implantés

Les implants médicaux contrôlant l activité ou les pathologies cérébrales connaissent un véritable essor. En effet, ces microsystèmes étant de très petites dimensions, ils peuvent être intégrés dans le cerveau tout en pouvant contenir de nombreux capteurs sur un même dispositif. Cependant, ces implants médicaux doivent être stériles, biocompatibles et non toxique in vivo afin d éviter tout rejet ou complication tels que les infections ou les inflammations. L oxyde d indium dopé à l étain (ITO) est un matériau de choix pour ces dispositifs médicaux, car il est biocompatible et possède des propriétés de conductivité. De plus, le greffage en sa surface de molécules organiques telles que les composés organophosphorés permet de moduler son activité. Ainsi, la chimie click, a été sélectionnée pour la synthèse des composés organophosphorés à greffer, et notamment la synthèse par chimie click thiol-ène. Nous avons mis au point des conditions permettant, dans des temps courts, sous irradiation dans l eau ou l éthanol de coupler divers thiols avec des d alcénylphosphonates. Ces conditions, jusqu alors jamais appliquées pour la fonctionnalisation de l ITO, nous ont permis d'introduire efficacement une fonction acide carboxylique sur sa surface. Parallèlement, la nécessité d obtenir de façon rapide et efficace des fonctions carbonylées en surface, nous a conduit à envisager la synthèse de méthyle cétones par hydratation d alcynylphosphonates catalysée par des complexes d or, sous irradiation micro-ondes en milieu aqueux. Les phosphonates fonctionnalisés selon ces deux processus ont ensuite été greffés sur l ITO dans des conditions vertes, afin d introduire diverses fonctionsMedical implants monitoring the brain activity or some brain pathologies have recently attracted growing interest. Indeed, these microsystems have very small dimensions for insertion into the brain and can integrate several different sensors on the same device. However, these medical implants have to be sterile, biocompatible and non-toxic in vivo to avoid any rejections and complications such as infection or inflammation. Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) is a material of choice for these medical implants due to its biocompatible and conductive properties. Furthermore, ITO surface properties can be tailored by grafting organic molecules such as organophosphorus compounds. Thus, the click chemistry, was selected for the synthesis of organophosphorus compounds, and more specifically their synthesis by thiol-ene click chemistry. We developed conditions allowing, in short times, under irradiation in water or ethanol the coupling of various thiols with a alcenylphosphonates. These conditions, which had never been applied for the functionalization of ITO, have allowed us to introduce efficiently a carboxylic acid function on its surface. Meanwhile, the need to synthesize carbonyl functions on surface, led us to consider the synthesis of methyl ketones by hydration of alcynylphosphonates catalyzed by gold complexes under microwave conditions in aqueous medium. Functionalized phosphonates, prepared according to these two processes, were then grafted onto ITO under green conditions, to introduce various functions on its surfacePARIS-BIUSJ-Biologie recherche (751052107) / SudocSudocFranceF

Female bonobos show social swelling by synchronizing their maximum swelling and increasing bonding

International audienceDifferent Old World primates show conspicuous anogenital swelling, with the Maximum Swelling Phase (MSP) signaling the ovulatory phase. MSP synchronization between females has been linked to social dynamics. In bonobos, characterized by female dominance, MSP is not a fully reliable signal of fertility because it may cover anovulatory periods. We investigated whether bonobo females synchronized their MSP and whether this phenomenon was modulated by social factors. Data were collected at La Vallée des Singes (France). In the period 2009-2022, swelling cycles data were collected daily on bonobo females (N = 9). In the period 2018-2022, ethological data (aggression/affiliation/ socio-sexual behaviors) were also collected. We found that: (i) females synchronized their MSP and most likely experienced MSP onset following the MSP onset in other females; (ii) synchronization increased as the years spent together by females increased; (iii) synchronization preferentially occurred between females that affiliated less; (iv) synchronization on the MSP was linked to increased female-female socio-sexual contacts, which probably favored MSP synchronization maintenance. Hence, in bonobos MSP can be modulated by social factors and its synchronization, possibly underlying autonomic contagion, might have been positively selected during evolution in relation to the benefits females obtain in terms of intra-group cohesio

Acute respiratory failure after drowning: a retrospective multicenter survey

International audienceOBJECTIVES:Despite the extensive literature on drowning, clinical data are still lacking on the best medical strategy to use. Acute respiratory failure (ARF) is the main component of drowning pathophysiology. The objectives of this multicenter study were to analyze the clinical course of drowning-related ARF patients and to describe the efficacy of the ventilatory strategies used.METHODS:Medical records of drowned adult patients admitted in seven ICUs after prehospital emergency medical care during three consecutive summer periods were retrospectively analyzed.RESULTS:Among the 126 patients (58±21 years) admitted, 38 patients with cardiac arrest at the scene were not analyzed, 26 received mechanical ventilation (MV), and 48 patients received noninvasive ventilation (NIV). Compared with patients placed under MV, the NIV patients presented a better initial neurological (Glasgow Coma Scale of 7±4 vs. 12±3, P<0.05) and hemodynamic status from the prehospital stage (mean arterial pressure of 77±18 vs. 96±18, P<0.001). With comparable ARF-related hypoxemia to MV, the NIV was maintained with success in 92% (44/48). Both MV and NIV were associated with rapid improvement of oxygenation and short ICU length of stay [3 (1-14) and 2 (1-7), respectively].CONCLUSION:Despite the absence of recommendation for NIV use in case of drowning-related ARF, this technique was often used with safety and efficacy. The decision for NIV use was mainly based on the preserved or improved neurological status

Caprine nodular thelitis due to Mycobacterium uberis: A series of 26 cases in 11 dairy goat farms in Western France

International audienceBovine Nodular Thelitis (BNT) is a granulomatous dermatitis of teat skin associated with acid-fast bacilli. A similar condition has been recorded in a dairy goat flock in France recently. The causative agent was shown to be related to the leprosy-causing bacilli Mycobacterium leprae and M. lepromatosis, then sequenced and named M. uberis. Following the initial report in goats, the aim of this study was to investigate new cases of Caprine Nodular Thelitis (CNT) in the same area to confirm the presence of M. uberis by molecular techniques and to get a better description of the clinical signs and of the affected flocks. Twenty-six animals (25 females and 1 male) from 11 flocks were included in the study. Lesions were located on the udder/teat skin (24/25), on the body skin (6/25) or on the scrotum skin (1/1). Udder skin lesions were circular, nodular and/or ulcerate covered with a crust and associated with supramammary lymph node enlargement. Body skin lesions were located at different parts of the body, showed large necrotizing ulcers with undetermined edges and were associated with regional lymph node enlargement. Histopathological results indicated granulomatous dermatitis and lymphadenitis of varying intensity with no acid-fast bacilli seen after Fite-Faraco staining. M. uberis DNA was amplified from 26 samples out of 47 (udder: 11/22; lymph node: 11/20; body: 4/5). The female goats were mostly older than 4 year of age and originated from breeding units characterized by large flock size and high proportion of goat in continuous lactation

NourDem FEAMP 2023

Ce rapport présente la synthèse des données des campagnes de chalutages scientifiques NourDem réalisées en 2023 dans les estuaires de Loire, Seine et Gironde. Les échantillonnages de la macrofaune benthique épigée, démersale et pélagique (individus d’une taille supérieure à 3 cm) sont réalisés au moyen du chalut à Grande Ouverture Verticale Ifremer-NourDem (GOV 16,45 x 11,90 m ; ouverture en pêche : 7 X 2 m) tracté à partir de chalutiers professionnels locaux. Ceci permet d'échantillonner les estuaires depuis le zéro de salinité jusqu'aux eaux marines (34/35 pour mille), et par des bathymétries comprises entre -3 et + 25 m. Les campagnes durent 8 journées en Loire et Seine, 9 en Gironde (en raison de la sa grande superficie), et permettent la réalisation de 60 à 75 traits de 15 minutes. Les peuplements des trois estuaires sont présentés : indices d'abondance et de biomasse, indices de biodiversité, cartographies de répartition des espèces en comparaison avec les résultats obtenus précédemment (depuis 2016 en Loire, 2017 en Seine et 2019 en Gironde). NourDem 2023, comme les projets NourDem précédents, a été mené dans le cadre d'une collaboration entre l'Ifremer et le Comité National des Pêches Maritimes et Elevages Marins (CNPMEM), avec le soutien opérationnel des trois comités régionaux des pêches concernés : le CRPMEM de Normandie, le COREPEM des Pays de la Loire et le CRPMEM de Nouvelle Aquitaine. Ce projet a bénéficié de financements du fonds européen pour la pêche FEAMP (mesure 40), de la Direction des Pêches Maritimes et de l'Aquaculture (DPMA/DGAMPA) du Ministère en charge de la Pêche, et de France Filière Pêche (FFP). Il a été géré pour le compte de l'Union et de l'Etat par la Direction Interministérielle de la Mer de Manche-Est et de la Mer du Nord (DIRM MEMN)

Hepatic inflammation elicits production of proinflammatory netrin‐1 through exclusive activation of translation

International audienc

A highly virulent variant of HIV-1 circulating in the Netherlands

We discovered a highly virulent variant of subtype-B HIV-1 in the Netherlands. One hundred nine individuals with this variant had a 0.54 to 0.74 log10 increase (i.e., a ~3.5-fold to 5.5-fold increase) in viral load compared with, and exhibited CD4 cell decline twice as fast as, 6604 individuals with other subtype-B strains. Without treatment, advanced HIV-CD4 cell counts below 350 cells per cubic millimeter, with long-term clinical consequences-is expected to be reached, on average, 9 months after diagnosis for individuals in their thirties with this variant. Age, sex, suspected mode of transmission, and place of birth for the aforementioned 109 individuals were typical for HIV-positive people in the Netherlands, which suggests that the increased virulence is attributable to the viral strain. Genetic sequence analysis suggests that this variant arose in the 1990s from de novo mutation, not recombination, with increased transmissibility and an unfamiliar molecular mechanism of virulence