Magnetic Structure and Radiative Captures of Few-Nucleon Systems: Status and Prospects

We review the main ingredients for an ab-initio study of few-nucleon reactions of astrophysical interest within the chiral effective field theory approach, with particular attention to radiative captures relevant for Big Bang Nucleosynthesis and stellar evolution. We conclude with an outlook for ongoing and future work

Comparative Study of \u3csup\u3e6\u3c/sup\u3eHe β-Decay Based on Different Similarity-Renormalization-Group Evolved Chiral Interactions

We report on a study of the Gamow-Teller matrix element contributing to ⁶Heβ decay with similarity renormalization group (SRG) versions of momentum- and configuration-space two-nucleon interactions. These interactions are derived from two different formulations of chiral effective field theory (χEFT)—without and with the explicit inclusion of Δ isobars. We consider evolution parameters ΛSRG in the range between 1.2 and 2.0 fm−1 and, for the Δ-less case, also the unevolved (bare) interaction. The axial current contains one- and two-body terms, consistently derived at tree level (no loops) in the two distinct χEFT formulations we have adopted here. The ⁶He and ⁶Li ground-state wave functions are obtained from hyperspherical-harmonics (HH) solutions of the nuclear many-body problem. In A = 6 systems, the HH method is limited at present to treat only two-body interactions and non-SRG evolved currents. Our results exhibit a significant dependence on ΛSRG of the contributions associated with two-body currents, suggesting that a consistent SRG-evolution of these is needed in order to obtain reliable estimates. We also show that the contributions from one-pion-exchange currents depend strongly on the model (chiral) interactions and on the momentum- or configuration-space cutoffs used to regularize them. These results might prove helpful in clarifying the origin of the sign difference recently found in no-core-shell-model and quantum Monte Carlo calculations of the ⁶He Gamow-Teller matrix element

Calculation of the 6{}^6Li ground state within the hyperspherical harmonic basis

We have studied the solution of the six-nucleon bound state problem using the hyperspherical harmonic (HH) approach. For this study we have considered only two-body nuclear forces. In particular we have used a chiral nuclear potential evolved with the similarity renormalization group unitary transformation. A restricted basis has been selected by performing a careful analysis of the convergence of different HH classes. Finally, the binding energy and other properties of ${}^6$Li ground state are calculated and compared with the results obtained by other techniques. Then, we present a calculation of matrix elements relevant for direct dark matter search involving ${}^6$Li. The results obtained demonstrate the feasibility of using the HH method to perform calculation beyond $A = 4$.Comment: 21 pages, 9 figure

RISULTATI FUNZIONALI ED ESTETICI E LORO IMPATTO PSICOLOGICO IN PAZIENTI ADULTI SOTTOPOSTI AD URETROPLASTICA PER LA CORREZIONE DELL'IPOSPADIA IN ETÀ PEDIATRICA. DATI PRELIMINARE.

Introduzione: L'ipospadia è una malformazione congenita del pene. La chirurgia è necessaria per tre ragioni: funzionale, sessuale ed estetica. L'obiettivo principale è stato determinare il tasso di complicanze complessivo, mentre il secondario è stato valutare i risultati funzionali e cosmetici a lungo termine e l'impatto psicologico dell'uretroplastica per la correzione dell'ipospadia nei pazienti adulti. Materiali e Metodi: La nostra popolazione di studio ha incluso casi consecutivi di due Istituti Italiani di Urologia Pediatrica ad alto volume ed esperienza (Milano e Padova) tra il 1 gennaio 1984 e il 1 gennaio 2002. Criteri di inclusione: uomini adulti (di età superiore ai 18 anni) sottoposti a uretroplastica per riparazione dell'ipospadia prima dei 18 anni. Risultati: Sono stati identificati 942 pazienti, 359 pazienti hanno soddisfatto i criteri di inclusione. 77 pazienti (21%) hanno completato i test psicologici e sessuologici, 94 (26%) i questionari sulla percezione peniena e solo 52 (15%) la valutazione urologica. Dopo un follow-up mediano di 21 anni (18-35), è stato riscontrato un tasso di complicanze generale del 30%: 12 pazienti (9%) hanno presentato una deiscenza ventrale, 8 (6%) una stenosi del meato/neo-uretrale, 10 (8%) una fistola uretrocutanea, 3 (2%) una curvatura ventrale ricorrente e 6 (5%) difetti cutanei. La forma della curva uroflussimetrica era a campana in 17 (33%) e Plateau 35 (67%). Analizzando i questionari, 1/3 dei pazienti ha definito il proprio stato di salute ottimo con un buon stato di salute mentale generale con una minima depressione e lieve grado di ansia. La prevalenza della disfunzione erettile era (15%) con grado lieve in 3 pazienti (12%) e bassa ansia per all’approccio sessuale. Conclusione: Il tasso complessivo di complicanze sembra essere leggermente superiore a quello riportato in letteratura. I dati preliminari mostrano una bassa ansia all’approccio della sfera sessuale e più della metà dei soggetti è soddisfatto della qualità della propria vita sessuale. Il nostro studio ha evidenziato un buon tasso di soddisfazione per il risultato estetico in più della metà dei pazienti, coerente con i dati riportati in letteratura. Possiamo concludere inoltre che l'uroflussometria rimane uno strumento utile, insieme alla clinica, nello screening delle complicanze in un follow-up a lungo termine dopo intervento chirurgico per ipospadia.Introduction: Hypospadias is a penile congenital malformation. Surgery is needed for three reasons: Functional, Sexual and Esthetical. The primary aim was to determine the overall complication rate whereas the secondary was the long term functional, cosmetic results and the psychological impact of urethroplasty for hypospadias repair in the adult patients. Material and Methods: Our study group included consecutive cases from two Italian high volume and experienced Paediatric Urology Institutions (Milan and Padua) between January 1st 1984 to January 1st 2002. Inclusion criteria: Adult men (older than 18 years) who underwent a urethroplasty for hypospadias repair before 18 years old. Results: 942 patients were identified, 359 patients met the inclusion criteria. 77 patients (21%) completed the psychological and sexuological tests, 94 (26%) questionnaires about penile perception and only 52 (15%) the urological evaluation. After a median follow-up of 21 years (18-35), we found an overall complication rate of 30%: 12 patient (9%) reported ventral dehiscence, 8 patients (6%) presented meatal/neourethral stenosis, 10 patients (8%) developed a urethrocutaneous fistula, 3 (2%) a recurrent ventral curvature and 6 (5%) skin defects. Uroflowmetry curve shape was bell in 17 (33%) and Plateau 35 (67%). Analysing the questionnaires 1/3 of patients defined their health excellent with a good overall state of mental health with a minimal depression and mild grade of anxiety. The prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) was (15%) with mild grade in 3 patients (12%) and low anxiety to approach sexual. Conclusion: The overall complication rate seems to be slightly higher than those reported in literature. Preliminary data show a low anxiety to approach sexual aspects and more than half of the subjects are satisfied by the quality of their sexual life. Our study highlighted a good satisfaction rate for the cosmetic result, in more than half patients, consistent with the data reported in the literature. We also conclude that uroflowmetry remains a useful tool in screening and prevent complication in a long term follow-up after hypospadias surgery

Electric dipole moment of light nuclei in chiral effective field theory

CP-violating interactions at quark level generate CP-violating nuclear interactions and currents, which could be revealed by looking at the presence of a permanent nuclear electric dipole moment. Within the framework of chiral effective field theory, we discuss the derivation of the CP-violating nuclear potential up to next-to-next-to leading order (N2LO) and the preliminary results for the charge operator up to next-to leading order (NLO). Moreover, we introduce some renormalization argument which indicates that we need to promote the short-distance operator to the leading order (LO) in order to reabsorb the divergences generated by the one pion exchange. Finally, we present some selected numerical results for the electric dipole moments of 2H, 3He and 3H discussing the systematic errors introduced by the truncation of the chiral expansion

Outcomes and limitations of laparoscopic and robotic partial nephrectomy

The objective of this review article is to summarize and critically analyze the studies published in the previous year and report perioperative, functional, and oncologic outcomes after laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) and robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN)

Five-Nucleon Systems with an Hyperspherical Harmonic Method

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Substitution Phalloplasty in Patients With Bladder Exstrophy-Epispadias Complex: A Systematic Review of Techniques, Complications and Outcomes

BACKGROUND: Males born with bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex generally have a shorter phallus, split corpora with dorsal curvature, and a scarred and flattened glans, so substitution phalloplasty is often required.AIM: The aim of this study was to review the techniques, complications, and outcomes of substitution phalloplasty in bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex patients to determine the ideal surgical procedure and gauge the risks and benefits for the patient.METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was performed using PubMed/MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library with the following terms: ("phalloplasty"); (("epispadias") OR ("bladder exstrophy") OR ("cloacal exstrophy")). We included only full-text articles reporting data about techniques and outcomes of substitution phalloplasty in patients with bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex.OUTCOMES: To determine whether patients with bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex might benefit from substitution phalloplasty.RESULTS: We selected 7 studies involving 47 patients. All the studies were characterized by a low level of evidence and a heterogeneous approach during treatment and outcome assessment. The free radial forearm flap was the most commonly performed technique (89%) with an overall complication rate of 15%. Urethroplasty was performed in 22 of 47 (47%) patients, and in most cases (20/22) a "tube-within-the-tube" technique was performed simultaneously with the phalloplasty (20/47). Urethroplasty complications were recorded in 12 of 22 (54%) patients with 6 fistulae and 6 stenoses. A penile prosthesis was implanted in 32 of 47 (68%) patients and complications occurred in 8 of 32 (25%) patients with 6 erosion. Aesthetic, sexual, and psychological outcomes were satisfactory, but none of the studies used validated instruments for the final assessment.CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: It was not possible to formulate any recommendations based on a high level of evidence regarding substitution phalloplasty in patients with bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex.STRENGTH & LIMITATION: To our knowledge, this is the first review to address bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex patients only. The limitations are mainly represented by the small number of cases because of the rarity of this disease and by the fact that no studies used validated instruments.CONCLUSION: Substitution phalloplasty in patients with bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex can achieve good functional, aesthetic, psychological, and sexual outcomes. It requires multiple procedures and carries a high complication rate. Multicentric studies including the assessment of patients by means of a validated questionnaire which investigates both sexual function and psychosexual satisfaction are required. Berrettini A, Sampogna G, Gnech M, etal. Substitution Phalloplasty in Patients With Bladder Exstrophy-Epispadias Complex: A Systematic Review of Techniques, Complications, and Outcomes. J Sex Med 2020;XX:XXX-XXX