Exécution au Québec de sûretés présentant des liens avec plus d'une juridiction canadienne dans le contexte d'une faillite

"Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de maîtrise en droit des affaires"Ce mémoire aborde les différentes questions juridiques se présentant lorsqu'une partie cherche à fàire reconnaître et à exécuter au Québec, dans le contexte d'une faillite, une sûreté présentant des liens avec plus d'une juridiction canadienne. Plus précisément, le présent ouvrage traite des questions de juridiction se présentant dans de telles circonstances, particulièrement devant quel tribunal des procédures judiciaires doivent être intentées et à l'intérieur de quelle juridiction ces procédures doivent être entamées. Par ailleurs, les questions entourant l'interaction entre la Loi sur la faillite et l'insolvabilité et les dispositions législatives provinciales sur l'exécution et l'ordre de collocation de sûretés dans le contexte d'une faillite présentant des liens avec plus d'une juridiction canadienne sont abordées. De plus,la problématique entourant l'étendue de la reconnaissance au Québec de sûretés créées à l'étranger sera développée. Pour ce faire, une étude comparative des régimes mis en place au Québec et dans les juridictions canadiennes de common law en matière de sûretés sera effectuée. Enfin, la dernière partie de ce mémoire traitera des règles applicables à la reconnaissance au Québec de jugements originant d'une autre juridiction canadienne en matière de reconnaissance et d'exécution de sûretés.This dissertation addresses the legal issues that must face a party seeking to recognize and enforce in Quebec, in the context of bankruptcy, a security linked to more than one canadian jurisdiction. In that regard, this paper deals with the issues of jurisdiction arising under those circumstances, more specifical1y the determination of the Court before which legal proceedings must be introduced and the jurisdiction where those proceedings must take place. Also, the questions surrounding the interaction between the Bankruptcy and insolvency Act and the provincial legislation pertaining to the enforcement and order of payment of securities is developped in the context of a bankruptcy affecting goods located in more than one canadian jurisdiction. Moreover, the extent ofthe recognition in Quebec of securities created in another canadian jurisdiction is assessed. In doing so, a comparative study of the schemes put in place in Quebec and the other Canadian jurisdictions is completed. Final1y, the last part of this paper focuses on the rules applicable to the recognition in Quebec of judgments originating from other Canadian jurisdictions dealing with the recognition and enforcement of securities

Automating the Generation of High School Geometry Proofs using Prolog in an Educational Context

When working on intelligent tutor systems designed for mathematics education and its specificities, an interesting objective is to provide relevant help to the students by anticipating their next steps. This can only be done by knowing, beforehand, the possible ways to solve a problem. Hence the need for an automated theorem prover that provide proofs as they would be written by a student. To achieve this objective, logic programming is a natural tool due to the similarity of its reasoning with a mathematical proof by inference. In this paper, we present the core ideas we used to implement such a prover, from its encoding in Prolog to the generation of the complete set of proofs. However, when dealing with educational aspects, there are many challenges to overcome. We also present the main issues we encountered, as well as the chosen solutions.Comment: In Proceedings ThEdu'19, arXiv:2002.1189

Effect of Tree Form on the Productivity of a Cut-to-Length Harvester in a Hardwood Dominated Stand

It is commonly accepted that tree form has an impact on the productivity of single-grip harvesters. However, it remains unclear, which elements of tree form are significant and to what degree they impact harvesting productivity. This is of particular importance in hardwood dominated stands, where hardwood trees often exhibit complex and variable stem and crown architecture that can complicate and prolong the processing phase. With the development of specialized harvesting heads, hardwoods, which were mostly subject to motor-manual operations, are now increasingly being cut and processed with fully mechanized harvesting systems. The goal of this pilot project was to determine the effect of tree form on the productivity of mechanized cut-to-length harvesting. A time and motion study of a single-grip harvester, operating in a hardwood dominated stand, suggests that the presence of a fork or a large branch on the main stem can reduce machine harvesting productivity by 15 to 20%

Blockade of NR2A-Containing NMDA Receptors Induces Tau Phosphorylation in Rat Hippocampal Slices

Physiological activation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) subtype of glutamate receptors has been proposed to play a key role in both neuronal cell function and dysfunction. In the present study, we used selective NMDA receptor antagonists to investigate the involvement of NR2A and NR2B subunits in the modulatory effect of basal NMDA receptor activity on the phosphorylation of Tau proteins. We observed, in acute hippocampal slice preparations, that blockade of NR2A-containing NMDA receptors by the NR2A antagonist NVP-AAM077 provoked the hyperphosphorylation of a residue located in the proline-rich domain of Tau (i.e., Ser199). This effect seemed to be Ser199 specific as there was no increase in phosphorylation at Ser262 and Ser409 residues located in the microtubule-binding and C-terminal domains of Tau proteins, respectively. From a mechanistic perspective, our study revealed that blockade of NR2A-containing receptors influences Tau phosphorylation probably by increasing calcium influx into neurons, which seems to rely on accumulation of new NR1/NR2B receptors in neuronal membranes and could involve the cyclin-dependent kinase 5 pathway

Leisure practice and its relations to cognitive vitality for seniors attending community organizations

The purpose of this study was to explore the relations between certain dimensions of leisure practice and cognitive vitality in seniors and identify which of their sociodemographic and health characteristics (SHC) are related to leisure practice. A cross-sectional analysis of leisure practice, cognitive performance, self-perceived memory and SHC was performed among 294 French-speaking Canadian seniors attending community centres (255 women, average age: 71), by multiple linear regressions and partial correlations controlled for SHC. Outcomes from the project show that the diversity of leisure was related to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and the California Verbal Learning Test, the frequency of cognitive leisure was associated to the Stroop Test, and the frequency of social leisure showed no significant association. “Paper and pencil games”, “computer use” and “helping a sibling” were related to various cognitive tests. Frequency of leisure (total) was related to gender and education, and diversity of leisure was related to education, age and depression. Study outcomes indicate that diversity of leisure was more related to cognitive vitality than frequency. Future studies should address leisure diversity as a way to promote cognitive vitality among seniors. Moreover, seniors’ characteristics should be considered when seeking to facilitate their participation in leisure activities.Le but de cette étude était d’explorer les relations entre certaines dimensions de la pratique de loisirs et la vitalité cognitive chez des aînés et d’identifier leurs caractéristiques sociodémographiques et de santé (CSS) qui étaient liées à leur pratique de loisirs. Une analyse transversale de la pratique de loisirs, de la performance cognitive, du niveau perçu de la mémoire et des CSS a été réalisée auprès de 294 aînés canadiens parlant français et qui participaient aux activités d’un centre communautaire (255 femmes, âge moyen : 71 ans), par des régressions linéaires multiples et des corrélations partielles contrôlées pour les CSS. Les résultats montrent que la variété des loisirs était liée au Montreal Cognitive Assessment et au California Verbal Learning Test, que la fréquence des loisirs cognitifs était associée au test de Stroop et que la fréquence des loisirs sociaux ne montrait aucune association. Les « jeux papier-crayon », « l’utilisation de l’ordinateur » et « prendre soin d’un proche » étaient reliés à plusieurs tests cognitifs. La fréquence totale des loisirs était liée au sexe et à l’éducation et la variété des loisirs était liée à l’éducation, à l’âge et à la dépression. Les résultats de cette étude montrent que la variété des loisirs était davantage liée à la vitalité comparée à la fréquence des loisirs. De futures études devraient aborder la variété des loisirs comme une manière de promouvoir la vitalité cognitive chez les aînées. De plus, les caractéristiques des aînés devraient être considérées afin de favoriser leur participation aux activités de loisirs dans les centres communautaires

SpikingLab: modelling agents controlled by Spiking Neural Networks in Netlogo

The scientific interest attracted by Spiking Neural Networks (SNN) has lead to the development of tools for the simulation and study of neuronal dynamics ranging from phenomenological models to the more sophisticated and biologically accurate Hodgkin-and-Huxley-based and multi-compartmental models. However, despite the multiple features offered by neural modelling tools, their integration with environments for the simulation of robots and agents can be challenging and time consuming. The implementation of artificial neural circuits to control robots generally involves the following tasks: (1) understanding the simulation tools, (2) creating the neural circuit in the neural simulator, (3) linking the simulated neural circuit with the environment of the agent and (4) programming the appropriate interface in the robot or agent to use the neural controller. The accomplishment of the above-mentioned tasks can be challenging, especially for undergraduate students or novice researchers. This paper presents an alternative tool which facilitates the simulation of simple SNN circuits using the multi-agent simulation and the programming environment Netlogo (educational software that simplifies the study and experimentation of complex systems). The engine proposed and implemented in Netlogo for the simulation of a functional model of SNN is a simplification of integrate and fire (I&F) models. The characteristics of the engine (including neuronal dynamics, STDP learning and synaptic delay) are demonstrated through the implementation of an agent representing an artificial insect controlled by a simple neural circuit. The setup of the experiment and its outcomes are described in this work

Epidemiology of malaria in Gabon: A systematic review and meta-analysis from 1980 to 2023.

The objective of this were conducted to elucidate spatiotemporal variations in malaria epidemiology in Gabon since 1980. For that, five databases, were used to collect and identify all studies published between 1980 and 2023 on malaria prevalence, antimalarial drug resistance, markers of antimalarial drug resistance and insecticide resistance marker. The findings suggest that Gabon continues to face malaria as an urgent public health problem, with persistently high prevalence rates. Markers of resistance to CQ persist despite its withdrawal, and markers of resistance to SP have emerged with a high frequency, reaching 100 %, while ACTs remain effective. Also, recent studies have identified markers of resistance to the insecticides Kdr-w and Kdr-e at frequencies ranging from 25 % to 100 %. Ace1R mutation was reported with a frequency of 0.4 %. In conclusion, the efficacy of ACTs remains above the threshold recommended by the WHO. Organo-phosphates and carbamates could provide an alternative for vector control. [Abstract copyright: Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Risk Factors Associated with Opportunistic Infections among People Living with HIV/AIDS and Receiving an Antiretroviral Therapy in Gabon, Central Africa.

The Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is still one of the main causes of death in sub-Saharan Africa. Antiretroviral therapies (ARTs) have significantly improved the health conditions of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Consequently, a significant drop in morbidity and mortality, along with a reduced incidence of opportunistic infections (OIs), has been observed. However, certain atypical and biological profiles emerge in ART patients post-examination. The objective of this study was to identify the risk factors that contributed to the onset of OIs in HIV patients undergoing ART in Gabon. Epidemiological and biological data were obtained from medical records (2017 to 2019) found at the outpatient treatment centre (CTA) of Franceville in Gabon. Samples for blood count, CD4, and viral load analysis at CIRMF were collected from PLWHA suffering from other pathogen-induced conditions. A survey was carried out and data were analysed using Rstudio 4.0.2 and Excel 2007 software. Biological and socio-demographic characteristics were examined concerning OIs through both a univariate analysis via Fisher's exact tests or chi2 (χ2), and a multivariate analysis via logistic regression. Out of the 300 participants initially selected, 223 were included in the study, including 154 (69.05%) women and 69 (30.95%) men. The mean age was 40 (38.6; 41.85), with individuals ranging from 2 to 77 years old. The study cohort was classified into five age groups (2 to 12, 20 to 29, 30 to 39, 40 to 49, and 50 to 77 years old), among which the groups aged 30 to 39 and 40 to 49 emerged as the largest, comprising 68 (30.5%) and 75 (33.6%) participants, respectively. It was noted that 57.9% of PLWHA had developed OIs and three subgroups were distinguished, with parasitic, viral, and bacterial infections present in 18%, 39.7%, and 55.4% of cases, respectively. There was a correlation between being male and having a low CD4 T-cell count and the onset of OIs. The study revealed a high overall prevalence of OIs, and extending the study to other regions of Gabon would yield a better understanding of the risk factors associated with the onset of these infections