Uwagi o przebiegu XVI-wiecznych procesów normalizacyjnych na przykładzie oboczności albo // abo

The aim of the article is to demonstrate the rivalries stemming from the Old-Polish ­variant forms/ albo and abo in the 16th-century printed material from Cracow, having the strongest influence upon the forming literary Polish language. The article tries to answer the question how a certain linguistic custom was established, not being a norm yet. For comparison, the process has also been shown in the prints from the northern borderland of Poland and Great Poland, the regions which at that time did not have such a significant influence on the literary language as the prints from Cracow, but also produced more books than other regions. The listing of data from three regions makes it possible to show the differences in the formation of the norm between the centre of cultural life of the Republic of Poland (Cracow) and its peripheral regions – the eastern and the western

KSZTAŁTOWANIE SIĘ POJĘĆ „DIALEKTYZM” I „REGIONALIZM” W DEFINICJACH ENCYKLOPEDYCZNYCH I SŁOWNIKOWYCH

The goal of this article is to trace the evolution of understanding two basic concepts in linguistics, namely “dialectism” and “regionalism” with Polish dictionaries and encyclopaedias as the source materials. Excerpts from both general and highly specialised texts have been made. The presented material shows that the definitions of the analysed concepts may vary significantly from one Polish dictionary or encyclopaedia to another. It seems that neither of the definitions exhausts the issue therefore a researcher in charge of territorial differences, in a diachronic and synchronic perspective alike, will have to re-define each time the characterised concepts by means of adjusting their meaning-related scope to his or her own research needs.The goal of this article is to trace the evolution of understanding two basic concepts in linguistics, namely “dialectism” and “regionalism” with Polish dictionaries and encyclopaedias as the source materials. Excerpts from both general and highly specialised texts have been made. The presented material shows that the definitions of the analysed concepts may vary significantly from one Polish dictionary or encyclopaedia to another. It seems that neither of the definitions exhausts the issue therefore a researcher in charge of territorial differences, in a diachronic and synchronic perspective alike, will have to re-define each time the characterised concepts by means of adjusting their meaning-related scope to his or her own research needs

Wygasanie oboczności leksykalnych stryj ║ stryk oraz wuj ║ uj w dobie średniopolskiej

The aim of this article is to show the rivalry of the two pairs of variants: stryj ║ stryk and wuj ║ uj in the history of the Polish language, especially with respect to Middle Polish. Samples of these forms were taken from dictionaries which note historical Polish lexis – from Old Polish to the 20th century. Moreover, the article is an attempt at identifying the era in which this rivalry finished and which forms developed as norms in the literary language.The aim of this article is to show the rivalry of the two pairs of variants: stryj ║ stryk and wuj ║ uj in the history of the Polish language, especially with respect to Middle Polish. Samples of these forms were taken from dictionaries which note historical Polish lexis – from Old Polish to the 20th century. Moreover, the article is an attempt at identifying the era in which this rivalry finished and which forms developed as norms in the literary language

Nazwy sekwatywne w Słowniku języka polskiego Samuela Bogumiła Lindego nienotowane w Słowniku polszczyzny XVI wieku

The article aims to discuss the names of Reformation-related religious dissenters included in Samuel Bogumił Linde’s Słownik języka polskiego (Polish language dictionary) which are not listed in Słownik polszczyzny XVI wieku (16th-century Polish language dictionary). The analysis of the material shows that Linde’s dictionary is a valuable, multi-layer complement to the sixteenth-century vocabulary listed in Słownik polszczyzny XVI wieku in the area of names of Reformation-related religious dissenters. First, Linde records sixteenth-century vocabulary related to the religious fractions of the time that is missing from Słownik polszczyzny XVI wieku even though it was in use at the time. Importantly, whenever he provides the source of a given lexeme, it is rarely from the sixteenth century. The lexicon also includes feminine forms of believers missing from Słownik polszczyzny XVI wieku that originated from the masculine forms listed in both dictionaries. Finally, Linde’s work presents the evolution of each religion and the emergence of new fractions, especially in the Orthodox Church and post-Reformation churches, hence it includes the names of believers of religions that emerged after the sixteenth century.The article aims to discuss the names of Reformation-related religious dissenters included in Samuel Bogumił Linde’s Słownik języka polskiego (Polish language dictionary) which are not listed in Słownik polszczyzny XVI wieku (16th-century Polish language dictionary). The analysis of the material shows that Linde’s dictionary is a valuable, multi-layer complement to the sixteenth-century vocabulary listed inSłownik polszczyzny XVI wieku in the area of names of Reformation-related religious dissenters. First, Linde records sixteenth-century vocabulary related to the religious fractions of the time that is missing from Słownik polszczyzny XVI wieku even though it was in use at the time. Importantly, whenever he provides the source of a given lexeme, it is rarely from the sixteenth century. The lexicon also includes feminine forms of believers missing from Słownik polszczyzny XVI wieku that originated from the masculine forms listed in both dictionaries. Finally, Linde’s work presents the evolution of each religion and the emergence of new fractions, especially in the Orthodox Churchand post-Reformation churches, hence it includes the names of believers of religions that emerged after the sixteenth century

Co się stało z konfessyjonistą? Dzieje leksemu w polszczyźnie

The history of the lexeme konfessyjonista shows that the word is a neologism that functioned in the literature of the sixteenth century in connection with religious documents/books, such as the Protestant confessions. Formally and semantically, it refers to Confessio Augustana, also to her Polish translations, and to the Konfesja sandomierska, as well as konfessyja as a kind of genre. In the Reformation and Counter-Reformation period, the word konfessyja was needed by the Protestants; the word konfessyjonista was derived from him by the Catholics for their needs. The lexeme had an offensive tone and referred to a confessional supporter as a supporter of the Reformation. Perhaps the oldest of his certifications comes from an anonymous text from 1561, the year in which two Polish translations of Augustana were announced. The demand for a konfessyjonista noun probably did not go beyond the 16th century, its notations come only from the 60s, 70s and 80s of this century.The history of the lexeme konfessyjonista shows that the word is a neologism that functioned in the literature of the sixteenth century in connection with religious documents/books, such as the Protestant confessions. Formally and semantically, it refers to Confessio Augustana, also to her Polish translations, and to the Konfesja sandomierska, as well as konfessyja as a kind of genre. In the Reformation and Counter-Reformation period, the word konfessyja was needed by the Protestants; the word konfessyjonista was derived from him by the Catholics for their needs. The lexeme had an offensive tone and referred to a confessional supporter as a supporter of the Reformation. Perhaps the oldest of his certifications comes from an anonymous text from 1561, the year in which two Polish translations of Augustana were announced. The demand for a konfessyjonista noun probably did not go beyond the 16th century, its notations come only from the 60s, 70s and 80s of this century

Sprawozdanie z jubileuszu Profesor Alicji Pihan-Kijasowej

Sprawozdanie z jubileuszu Profesor Alicji Pihan-Kijasowe

Nazwy wyznawców islamu w polszczyźnie XVI wieku

The aim of this paper is to discuss the names given to followers of Islam against the names given to followers of sects and other religions in the 16th century in the context of their origin and textual extension. Its material basis is Słownik polszczyzny XVI wieku (Dictionary of the 16th-century Polish), both the elaborated volumes of the lexicon and the material from the index. There are 16 names referring to followers of Islam recorded there: alkoranista, beserman, bezermaniec, białogłowiec, bisurmaniec, bisurmanin, bursoman, mahomet, mahometan, mahometczyk, mahometysta, missurmanin, musulman, nowoobrzezaniec, turczyn, turek. The number arises, on the one hand, from the political and religious situation of that time and hence, from the topicality of the issue, and on the other hand, from the phonic acquisition of foreign lexemes, which usually came to Polish indirectly, through medium languages. The analysis of the material shows that the names were coined according to four patterns, which are analogous to those applied when creating other denominations. Their fates in the Polish language varied: some turned out to be ephemera coined by a given author, and the use of others went beyond the 16th century

From Evangelic to Protestant. The history of lexemes in the Polish language

Lexemes Evangelic and Protestant appeared in the Polish language in the middle of the 16th century. The name Evangelic was first used by Stanislaw Orzechowski in the work Rozmowa około egzekucyjej of 1563. The name Protestant was created in connection with the protest of Martin Luther’s followers at the Diet of Speyer and its only 16th century attestation comes from Marcin Kromer’s work Mnicha z dworzaninem rozmowa trzecia of 1553. This lexeme also functioned in the meaning not related to religious issues but resulting from the Latin basis. A general name applied in the 16th c. in relation to the Reformation’s followers was the lexeme Evangelic used, among others, by Bielski, Wujek or Skarga. At that time, apart from Evangelic, names reflecting internal diversity of the movement were in use such as, among others, luteran, luteryjan, luter, kalwinista, kalwinita, kalwin or auszpurczanin as well as general names such as konfessyjonista. In subsequent centuries the lexeme Protestant popularized in the first non-religious meaning as a synonym of an opponent. Dictionary resource material from the 17th and 18th centuries concerning the above mentioned lexemes does not allow to claim whether they became synonyms already in the Middle Polish period. The process of semantic identification of the lexemes finished in the Modern Polish period, which is confirmed by both the Polish language dictionaries and the most recent Polish language included in the National Corpus of Polish. It appears that such identification is a result of expiration of the first sub-meaning of the lexeme Protestant as well as an effect of the manner of defining this lexeme involving separation of a religious meaning from specified historical events. When the lexemes appeared in the 16th century, the lexeme Evangelic prevailed whereas currently the lexeme Protestant is more [email protected] im. Adama MickiewiczaBandtkie J.S., 1806, Słownik dokładny języka polskiego i niemieckiego do podręcznego używania dla Polaków i Niemców, Wrocław, t. 1; on-line: https://polona.pl/item/16943/2/ (dostęp: 2.06.2016).Elektroniczny słownik języka polskiego XVII i XVIII wieku, http://sxvii.pl/; oraz kartoteka Słownika.Inny słownik języka polskiego, 2000, red. M. Bańko, Warszawa, t. 1–2.Linde S.B., 1807, 1811, Słownik języka polskiego, t. 1–2, Warszawa.Mały słownik języka polskiego, 1969, red. S. Skorupka, H. Auderska, Z. Łempicka, Warszawa, wyd. 5.Mrongowiusz K.C., 1835, Dokładny słownik Polsko-Niemiecki krytycznie wypracowany, Królewiec; on-line: http://pbc.gda.pl/dlibra/doccontent?id=4766 (dostęp: 3.06.2016).Narodowy Korpus Języka Polskiego, http://nkjp.pl/ (dostęp: 30.04.2016).Polski słownik biograficzny, 1935, 1977, red. W. Konopczyński i in., t. 1 i 22, Kraków–Wrocław.Słownik języka polskiego, 1861, red. A. Zdanowicz i in., Wilno.Słownik języka polskiego, 1900, 1908, red. W. Niedźwiedzki, A. Kryński, J. Karłowicz, t. 1 i 4, Warszawa.Słownik języka polskiego, 1960, 1965, red. W. Doroszewski, t. 1 i 7, Warszawa.Słownik języka polskiego, 1978, 1979, red. M. Szymczak, t. 1 i 2, Warszawa.Słownik polszczyzny XVI wieku, 1972, 2002, red.M.R.Mayenowa i in., t. 6,Wrocław; t. 30, Warszawa; oraz kartoteka Słownika.Słownik staropolski, 1956–1959, red. S. Urbańczyk i in., t. 2,Wrocław–Kraków–Warszawa.Słownik współczesnego języka polskiego, 1996, red. B. Dunaj, Warszawa.Słownik wyrazów obcych, 1980, red. J. Tokarski, WarszawaUniwersalny słownik języka polskiego PWN, 2008, red. S. Dubisz, Warszawa, t. 1 i 3, wyd. 2.Barycz H., 1924, Jan Mączyński, leksykograf polski XVI wieku, „Reformacja w Polsce” III, s. 218–255.Encyklopedia katolicka, 2012, red. naukowa S. Wilk, t. 16, Lublin.Encyklopedia powszechna Orgelbranda, 1861, t. 8, Warszawa.Gierowski J.A., 1988, Historia Polski 1505–1764, Warszawa.Kiec O., 2015, Historia protestantyzmu w Poznaniu od XVI do XXI wieku, Poznań.Klemensiewicz Z., 2002, Historia języka polskiego, Warszawa, wyd. 8.Klemensiewicz Z., 1964, O Janie Mączyńskim w czterechsetlecie jego dzieła, „Język Polski” XLIV, nr 2, s. 65–75.Leksykon łacińsko-polski Jana Mączyńskiego: wybór tekstów – opracowanie, 1996, oprac. H. Barycz, W. Kuraszkiewicz, I. Lewandowski, Lublin.Markiewicz S., 1982, Protestantyzm, Warszawa.Piotrowski T., 2012, Słowniki języka polskiego, w: Współczesny język polski, red. J. Bartmiński, Lublin, wyd. 4, s. 601–618.Puzynina J., 1961, „Thesaurus” Grzegorza Knapiusza. Siedemnastowieczny warsztat pracy nad językiem polskim, Wrocław–Warszawa–Kraków.Siekierska K., 1992, Rzeczywistość w słownikach Knapiusza i Troca, „Prace Filologiczne” XXXVII, s. 259–268.Smółkowa T., 2012, Nowe słownictwo polskie, w:Współczesny język polski, red. J. Bartmiński, Lublin, wyd. 4, s. 397–404.Walczak B., 1991, Słownik wileński na tle dziejów polskiej leksykografii, Poznań.Walczak B., 1996, Mały słownik etymologiczno-historyczny kacerstwa polskiego, „Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Literacka” III (XXIII), s. 11–29.Wójcik Z., 2012, Historia powszechna. Wiek XVI–XVII, Warszawa, wyd. 12.Bielski M., 1564, Kronika..., wyd. 3, Kraków, drukarnia M. Siebenaichera; on-line: http://bc.dominikanie.pl/dlibra/doccontent?id=99 (dostęp: 2.06.2016).Matuszewicz M., 1986, Diariusz życia mego, t. 1, 1714–1757, oprac. B. Królikowski, Warszawa.Orzechowski S., 1563, Rozmowa albo Dyalog około Exequucyey Polskiey Korony, [brak miejsca wyd.]; on-line: http://www.dbc.wroc.pl/dlibra/doccontent?id=3485 (dostęp: 2.06.2016).Zawisza K., 1862, Pamiętniki Krzysztofa Zawiszy, wojewody mińskiego (1666–1721) wydane z oryginalnego rękopismu i opatrzone przypiskami..., Warszawa; on-line: http://www.wbc.poznan.pl/Content/7409/zawisza_k_pamietniki-228923.djvu (dostęp: 2.06.2016).213-2291621322

Names of religious dissenters in Jakub Wujek’s Iudicium (1570) against the backdrop of confessional diversity in 16th-century Commonwealth of Poland and Lithuania

The paper thus aims to answer the question whether designations for religious dissenters used by Jakub Wujek reflect the actual multiplicity of reformed confessions existing at the time. The material has been excerpted from the first edition of Iudicium available from the Lower Silesian Digital Library. Jakub Wujek’s Iudicium employs 16 various appellations of followers associated with the Reformation movement. Taking into account lexical doublets, such as luteran and luteryjan, witemberczanin and witemberczyk, zwinglijan and zwinglijanin as well as more comprehensive terms such as heretyk, kacerz, nowowiernik, odszczepieniec and sektarz, the catalogue of names increases to 25 [email protected] im. Adama Mickiewicza w PoznaniuAppold K.G., 2013, Reformacja. Krótka historia, Warszawa.Gierowski J.A., 1988, Historia Polski 1505–1764, wyd. 12, Warszawa.Górski K., 1964, Słownictwo reformacji polskiej, w: idem, Z historii i teorii literatury, Warszawa, t. 2, seria druga, s. 352–387.Konfesja..., 1995, Konfesja sandomierska, transkrypcja i komentarz językowy oprac. K. Długosz-Kurczabowa, Warszawa.Kowalska D., 2000, Innowiercy w oczach ks. Jakuba Wujka. Na podstawie „Nauk i przestróg” do Nowego Testamentu z 1593 r., w: Człowiek w sferze oddziaływania obcej kultury, red. G. Minczew, Łódź, s. 17–24.Kuran M., 2001, Wizerunek heretyka w „Postylli” Jakuba Wujka, w: Sarmackie theatrum, t. 2, Idee i rzeczywistość, red. R. Ocieczek, M. Barłowska, Katowice, s. 9–15.Kuźmina D., 2004, Jakub Wujek (1541–1597). Pisarz, tłumacz i misjonarz, Warszawa.Lehmann J., 1937, Konfesja Sandomierska na tle innych konfesji w Polsce XVI wieku, Warszawa.Markiewicz S., 1982, Protestantyzm, Warszawa.Masson H., 1993, Słownik herezji w Kościele katolickim, Katowice.Michalska-Górecka P., 2016, Od ewangelika do protestanta. Dzieje leksemów w polszczyźnie, „Białostockie Archiwum Językowe” nr 16, s. 213–228.Migdał J., 2005a, O języku kazań Jakuba Wujka – innowiercy w „Postylli mniejszej”: określenia ich nauki i działań, „Studia Językoznawcze” 4, Szczecin, s. 215–224.Migdał J., 2005b, Określenia innowierców w kazaniach Jakuba Wujka, w: Język religijny dawniej i dziś, t. 2, red. S. Mikołajczak, ks. T. Węcławski, Poznań, s. 238–243.Migdał J., 2007, Wokół słownictwa Jakuba Wujka, w: Język religijny dawniej i dziś, t. 3, red. ks. P. Bortkiewicz, S. Mikołajczak, M. Rybka, Poznań, s. 255–261.Moszyński L., 2006, Wstęp do filologii słowiańskiej, wyd. 2, Warszawa.Nowy Korbut, 1965, Piśmiennictwo staropolskie, hasła osobowe N-Ż, oprac. R. Pollak i zespół, Warszawa.Sienkiewicz W., 1991, Mały słownik historii Polski, Warszawa.SłXVI, Słownik polszczyzny XVI wieku, red. M.R. Mayenowa, t. 1–36, Wrocław 1966–2012.SLS, 1998, Słownik literatury staropolskiej, red. T. Michałowska i in., Wrocław.Sobczykowa J., 2001, Myśl o języku w komentarzu biblijnym ks. Jakuba Wujka, Katowice.STL, 2002, Słownik terminów literackich, red. J. Sławiński, wyd. 4, Wrocław – Warszawa – Kraków.SWO, 1980, Słownik wyrazów obcych, red. J. Tokarski, wyd. 24, Warszawa.Tazbir J., 1959, Święci, grzesznicy i kacerze. Z dziejów polskiej kontrreformacji, Warszawa.Tazbir J., 1967, Państwo bez stosów. Szkice z dziejów tolerancji w Polsce XVI i XVII w., Warszawa.Tokarczyk A., 1987, Trzydzieści wyznań, wyd. 2, Warszawa.USJP, 2008, Uniwersalny słownik języka polskiego, red. S. Dubisz, t. 1, wyd. 2, Warszawa.Walczak B., 1996, Mały słownik etymologiczno-historyczny kacerstwa polskiego, „Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Literacka” III (XXIII), s. 11–19.Winiarska I., 1998, Językowy wizerunek heretyka w „Konfesji sandomierskiej”, w: Słowa w różnych kontekstach, red. S. Dubisz, Warszawa, s. 45–71.Winiarska I.M., 2004, Słownictwo religijne polskiego kalwinizmu. Od XVI do XVIII wieku na tle terminologii katolickiej, Warszawa.Wójcik Z., 2012, Historia powszechna. Wiek XVI–XVII, wyd. 12, Warszawa.J. Wujek, Iudicium Albo Rozsądek niektorych Katholikow o Co[n]fesiey Sędomierskiey [...], Kraków 1570, wyd. M. Szarfenberger; http://www.dbc.wroc.pl/dlibra/doccontent?id=5592 [dostęp: 14.10.2016].1713515