Criminal Liability of Legal Entities and Creation of Compliance Program for Autodružstvo Frýdek-Místek

Bakalářská práce je zaměřena na problematiku trestněprávní odpovědnosti právnických osob a možnosti zabránění vzniku trestní odpovědnosti, případně přičtení této odpovědnosti. Cílem práce je navrhnout funkční, aplikovatelný Compliance program, v souladu se zákonem č. 418/2011 Sb., o trestní odpovědnosti právnických osob a řízení proti nim, a zároveň se zahraničními vzory, vzhledem k nedostatečné české právní úpravě v ohledu ochrany právnické osoby před trestní odpovědností. Teoretická část pojednává o zákonné úpravě problematiky trestní odpovědnosti právnické osoby. Vybrané části zákona jsou pak vysvětleny a zpracovány, k účelům následné praktické aplikace. Zároveň vyobrazuje zahraniční úpravu a doporučovaný obsah Compliance programů, v návaznosti pak i doporučení české odborné veřejnosti. Praktická část vytváří konkrétní Compliance program pro Autodružstvo Frýdek-Místek. Dílčí části v praktickém oddílu se zabývají preventivní, detekční a reaktivní stránkou trestněprávní problematiky.The bachelor thesis is focused on the topic of criminal liability of legal entities and options of prevention of this or possible charge. The aim of the this is to offer the functional applicable Compliance programme in accordance with the Act No. 418/2011 Coll. on criminal liability of legal entities and processes against them and with international patterns as there exists a lack of the Czech legal regulation as it comes to protection of legal entity against criminal liability. Theoretical part deals with legal regulation of the said topic. The selected parts of the act are being explained and elaborated in purpose of practical application. At the same time, international legal regulation is outlined as well as recommended content of Compliance programmes in relations with recommendations of the Czech professional public. In the practical part, there is concrete Compliance programme for company Autodružstvo Frýdek-Místek created. This part of the thesis also partially deals with preventive, detection and reaction aspects of criminal issue.152 - Katedra podnikohospodářskávýborn

Instability of Alien Chromosome Introgressions in Wheat Associated with Improper Positioning in the Nucleus

Alien introgressions introduce beneficial alleles into existing crops and hence, are widely used in plant breeding. Generally, introgressed alien chromosomes show reduced meiotic pairing relative to the host genome, and may be eliminated over generations. Reduced pairing appears to result from a failure of some telomeres of alien chromosomes to incorporate into the leptotene bouquet at the onset of meiosis, thereby preventing chiasmate pairing. In this study, we analysed somatic nuclei of rye introgressions in wheat using 3D-FISH and found that while introgressed rye chromosomes or chromosome arms occupied discrete positions in the Rabl’s orientation similar to chromosomes of the wheat host, their telomeres frequently occupied positions away from the nuclear periphery. The frequencies of such abnormal telomere positioning were similar to the frequencies of out-of-bouquet telomere positioning at leptotene, and of pairing failure at metaphase I. This study indicates that improper positioning of alien chromosomes that leads to reduced pairing is not a strictly meiotic event but rather a consequence of a more systemic problem. Improper positioning in the nuclei probably impacts the ability of introgressed chromosomes to migrate into the telomere bouquet at the onset of meiosis, preventing synapsis and chiasma establishment, and leading to their gradual elimination over generations

Auxin metabolite profiling in isolated and intact plant nuclei

The plant nucleus plays an irreplaceable role in cellular control and regulation by auxin (indole-3-acetic acid, IAA) mainly because canonical auxin signaling takes place here. Auxin can enter the nucleus from either the endoplasmic reticulum or cytosol. Therefore, new information about the auxin metabolome (auxinome) in the nucleus can illuminate our understanding of subcellular auxin homeostasis. Different methods of nuclear isolation from various plant tissues have been described previously, but information about auxin metabolite levels in nuclei is still fragmented and insufficient. Herein, we tested several published nucleus isolation protocols based on differential centrifugation or flow cytometry. The optimized sorting protocol leading to promising yield, intactness, and purity was then combined with an ultra-sensitive mass spectrometry analysis. Using this approach, we can present the first complex report on the auxinome of isolated nuclei from cell cultures of Arabidopsis and tobacco. Moreover, our results show dynamic changes in auxin homeostasis at the intranuclear level after treatment of protoplasts with free IAA, or indole as a precursor of auxin biosynthesis. Finally, we can conclude that the methodological procedure combining flow cytometry and mass spectrometry offers new horizons for the study of auxin homeostasis at the subcellular level

Healh Care Financing in the Czech Republic

Diplomová práce je zaměřena na problematiku financování zdravotnických systémů, a to zejména užitého v České republice. Cílem práce je nalezení stěžejních problémů, které český systém financování zdravotnictví provázejí, a navržení jejich možného řešení. V rámci práce je v dílčích kapitolách objasněna základní terminologie společně s právními předpisy, které problematiku upravují. Vymezeny jsou také vybrané zahraniční modely financování zdravotnictví společně s vytyčením výhod a nevýhod těchto. Dále se práce zabývá kontraktací, zejména mezi poskytovatelem zdravotní péče a zdravotní pojišťovnou. Rozebrána je též redistribuce financí ve zdravotnickém systému, tedy výběr prostředků a jejich přerozdělování. V poslední části jsou analyzovány vybrané zjištěné problémy českého systému společně s jejich navrženým řešením.The diploma thesis is focused on the issue of health systems financing, especially those used in the Czech Republic. The aim of the thesis is to find the main problems that accompany the Czech system of health care financing and to propose their possible solution. Within the thesis, the basic terminology is determined in partial chapters together with legal regulations that regulate the given field. Selected foreign models of health care financing are also defined, together with the outline of advantages and disadvantages of those. Furthermore, the thesis deals with contracting, especially between the health care provider and the health insurance company. The redistribution of finances in the health care system is also being dealt with, thus a collection of financial means and their redistribution. In the last part of the thesis, selected identified problems of the Czech system are analyzed and their solution is proposed.119 - Katedra právavýborn