The Effect of Developer-Specified Explanations for Permission Requests on Smartphone User Behavior

In Apple’s iOS 6, when an app requires access to a protected resource (e.g., location or photos), the user is prompted with a permission request that she can allow or deny. These permission request dialogs include space for developers to optionally include strings of text to explain to the user why access to the resource is needed. We examine how app developers are using this mechanism and the effect that it has on user behavior. Through an online survey of 772 smartphone users, we show that permission requests that include explanations are significantly more likely to be approved. At the same time, our analysis of 4,400 iOS apps shows that the adoption rate of this feature by developers is relatively small: around 19 % of permission requests include developer-specified explanations. Finally, we surveyed 30 iOS developers to better understand why they do or do not use this feature

Effect of dietary supplementation of broiler chickens with the natural antioxidants hesperidin and naringin on the expression of lipogenesis related genes and fatty acid profile

Hesperidin and naringin, flavonoids abundant in citrus fruits, exhibit health-promoting properties notably antioxidant and modulation of lipid metabolism. Increased antioxidant capacity and favorable fatty acid profile are desirable properties for broiler meat. In chickens hesperidin lowered plasma and egg yolk cholesterol and improved broiler meat antioxidant capacity. Here the effects of broiler diet supplementation with hesperidin and naringin on the expression of the lipogenesis related genes adiponectin, ppar-γ and fatty acid synthase (fasn) and fatty acid profile were assessed

Rehabilitation versus surgical reconstruction for non-acute anterior cruciate ligament injury (ACL SNNAP): a pragmatic randomised controlled trial

BackgroundAnterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is a common debilitating injury that can cause instability of the knee. We aimed to investigate the best management strategy between reconstructive surgery and non-surgical treatment for patients with a non-acute ACL injury and persistent symptoms of instability.MethodsWe did a pragmatic, multicentre, superiority, randomised controlled trial in 29 secondary care National Health Service orthopaedic units in the UK. Patients with symptomatic knee problems (instability) consistent with an ACL injury were eligible. We excluded patients with meniscal pathology with characteristics that indicate immediate surgery. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) by computer to either surgery (reconstruction) or rehabilitation (physiotherapy but with subsequent reconstruction permitted if instability persisted after treatment), stratified by site and baseline Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score—4 domain version (KOOS4). This management design represented normal practice. The primary outcome was KOOS4 at 18 months after randomisation. The principal analyses were intention-to-treat based, with KOOS4 results analysed using linear regression. This trial is registered with ISRCTN, ISRCTN10110685, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02980367.FindingsBetween Feb 1, 2017, and April 12, 2020, we recruited 316 patients. 156 (49%) participants were randomly assigned to the surgical reconstruction group and 160 (51%) to the rehabilitation group. Mean KOOS4 at 18 months was 73·0 (SD 18·3) in the surgical group and 64·6 (21·6) in the rehabilitation group. The adjusted mean difference was 7·9 (95% CI 2·5–13·2; p=0·0053) in favour of surgical management. 65 (41%) of 160 patients allocated to rehabilitation underwent subsequent surgery according to protocol within 18 months. 43 (28%) of 156 patients allocated to surgery did not receive their allocated treatment. We found no differences between groups in the proportion of intervention-related complications.InterpretationSurgical reconstruction as a management strategy for patients with non-acute ACL injury with persistent symptoms of instability was clinically superior and more cost-effective in comparison with rehabilitation management

Web application design and implementation for Firefox OS

This thesis aims at arguing that web applications on the desktop or the mobile are the future of software development. It uses as an example a webRTC based chatting application. The first introductory part touches the subject of web applications. We introduce the communication applications as there are today. We illustrate the strengths and weaknesses of web applications as well as the challenges and problems we faced. The second and third parts deal with the design and implementation respectively. They go into details of design principles, decisions and compromises that we made. As well as interesting implementation tricks. The fourth and fifth parts concentrate on evaluation and conclusion. We discuss what we have designed and implemented. We also evaluate how the final implementation meets our expectations. Finally, we wrap up with a few thoughts on future plans, and the subject of real time communication and web applications.Complete

Wound problems following hip arthroplasty before and after the introduction of a direct thrombin inhibitor for thromboprophylaxis

NICE guidelines have stated that patients undergoing elective hip surgery are at increased risk for venous thromboembolic events (VTE) following surgery and have recommended thromboprophylaxis for 28-35 days1, 2. However the studies looking at the new direct thrombin inhibitors have only looked at major bleeding. We prospectively looked at wound discharge in patients who underwent hip arthroplasty and were given dabigatran postoperatively between March 2010 and April 2010 (n=56). We retrospectively compared these results to a matched group of patients who underwent similar operations six months earlier when all patients were given dalteparin routinely postoperatively until discharge, and discharged home on 150mg aspirin daily for 6 weeks (n=67). Wound discharge after 5 days was significantly higher in the patients taking dabigatran (32% dabigatran n=18, 10% dalteparin n=17, p=0.003) and our rate of delayed discharges due to wound discharge significantly increased from 7% in the dalteparin group (n=5) to 27% for dabigatran (n=15, p=0.004). Patients who received dabigatran were more than five times as likely to return to theatre with a wound complication as those who received dalteparin (7% dabigatran n=4, vs. 1% dalteparin n=1), however, this was not statistically significant (p=0.18). The significantly higher wound discharge and return to theatre rates demonstrated in this study have meant that we have changed our practice to administering dalteparin until the wound is dry and then starting dabigatran. Our study demonstrates the need for further clinical studies regarding wound discharge and dabigatran

Effect of Dietary Supplementation with a Mixture of Natural Antioxidants on Milk Yield, Composition, Oxidation Stability and Udder Health in Dairy Ewes

Due to the limitations in the use of antibiotic agents, researchers are constantly seeking natural bioactive compounds that could benefit udder health status but also milk quality characteristics in dairy animals. The aim of the current study was therefore to examine the effects of a standardized mixture of plant bioactive components (MPBC) originated from thyme, anise and olive on milk yield, composition, oxidative stability and somatic cell count in dairy ewes. Thirty-six ewes approximately 75 days after parturition were randomly allocated into three experimental treatments, which were provided with three diets: control (C); without the addition of the mixture, B1; supplemented with MPBC at 0.05% and B2; supplemented with rumen protected MPBC at 0.025%. The duration of the experiment was 11 weeks, and milk production was weekly recorded, while individual milk samples for the determination of composition, oxidative stability, somatic cell count (SCC), pH and electric conductivity were collected. Every two weeks, macrophage, lymphocyte, and polymorphonuclear leukocyte counts were also determined in individual milk samples. It was observed that milk yield was the greatest in the B2 group, with significant differences within the seventh and ninth week (p p p p < 0.05), while no significant effects on the macrophage, lymphocyte, and polymorphonuclear leukocyte counts were observed. In conclusion, the MPBC addition had a positive effect on sheep milk yield, oxidative stability and somatic cell count, without any negative effect on its composition

Hesperidin and Naringin Improve Broiler Meat Fatty Acid Profile and Modulate the Expression of Genes Involved in Fatty Acid β-oxidation and Antioxidant Defense in a Dose Dependent Manner

The beneficial properties of the flavanones hesperidin and naringin as feed additives in poultry have lately been under investigation. In broilers, both flavanones have been shown to exhibit antioxidant properties while their individual effects on fatty acid (FA) composition and the underlying molecular mechanisms of their activity have not been explored. Here, we studied their effects on broiler meats’ FA profiles and on the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism, antioxidant defense and anti-inflammatory function. The experimental design comprised six treatment groups of broilers, each supplemented from day 11 until slaughter at 42 days with hesperidin, naringin or vitamin E, as follows: the E1 group received 0.75 g of hesperidin per kg of feed, E2 received 1.5 g hesperidin/kg feed, N1 received 0.75 g naringin/kg feed, N2 received 1.5 g naringin/kg feed, vitamin E (VE) received 0.2 g a-tocopheryl acetate/kg feed, and the control group was not provided with a supplemented feed. The VE treatment group served as a positive control for antioxidant activity. An analysis of the FA profiles of the abdominal adipose tissue (fat pad), major pectoralis (breast) and biceps femoris (thigh) muscles showed that both hesperidin and naringin had significant effects on saturated FA (SFA), polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) and omega n-6 content. Both compounds reduced SFA and increased PUFA and n-6 content, as well as reducing the atherogenicity and thrombogenicity indices in the breast muscle and fat pad. The effects on the thigh muscle were limited. An analysis of gene expression in the liver revealed that naringin significantly increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), Acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (ACOX1) and glutathione disulfide reductase (GSR) expression. In the breast muscle, both hesperidin and naringin increased fatty acid synthase (FASN) expression and hesperidin increased the expression of adiponectin. In brief, both hesperidin and naringin supplementation beneficially affected FA profiles in the breast meat and fat pad of broiler chicken. These effects could be attributed to an increase in FA β-oxidation since the increased expression of related genes (PPARα and ACOX1) was observed in the liver. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of hesperidin and naringin previously observed in the meat of broilers could be attributed, at least partly, to the regulation of antioxidant defense genes, as evidenced by the increased GSR expression in response to naringin supplementation

QTLs for percent body fat in C57BL/6ByJ×129P3/J F₂ mice (Experiment 1).

<p>Chr = chromosome. cM = centimorgan based on the experimental map. Marker = nearest LOD score peak. “Plus” refers to the allele that increases the trait value. Sex = sex-dependent by the criterion described in the text. For percent variance, see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0068776#pone-0068776-t004" target="_blank"><b>Table 4</b></a>. For locus boundaries, see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0068776#pone-0068776-t005" target="_blank"><b>Table 5</b></a>.</p>a<p>Overdominance means that phenotype of heterozygotes differs from phenotypes of both homozygotes. *p<0.05. **p<0.01.</p

Comparison of QTLs from genome scans of B6 × 129 F₂ mice fed high-energy diets (Experiment 1) with published data.

<p>Chr = chromosome. C57BL/6J x 129S1/SvImJ refers to the results of a similar study that interbred these strains <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0068776#pone.0068776-Su1" target="_blank">[36]</a>. C57BL/6ByJ x 129P3/J refers to the results reported here. If the locus boundaries overlap, the QTLs are considered the same. Other crosses that have overlapping obesity QTLs are shown with the strain conferring the allele that increases the trait value first. NA = not applicable.</p

Multiple regression analysis of variance for percent body fat in C57BL/6ByJ × 129P3/J F₂ mice fed low- and high-energy diets (Experiment 1).

<p><a href="mailto:Chr@Mb%E2%80%8A=%E2%80%8Achromosome/megabase" target="_blank">Chr@Mb = chromosome/megabase</a>. % Var = percent variance accounted for. Interactions are denoted by a semicolon. Degrees of freedom (df) are predicated on main effects and interactions.</p