Metals resources: products in turmoil

Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Field structure and electron life times in the MEFISTO Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source

The complex magnetic field of the permanent-magnet electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source MEFISTO located at the University of Bern have been numerically simulated. For the first time the magnetized volume qualified for electron cyclotron resonance at 2.45 GHz and 87.5 mT has been analyzed in highly detailed 3D simulations with unprecedented resolution. New results were obtained from the numerical simulation of 25211 electron trajectories. The evident characteristic ion sputtering trident of hexapole confined ECR sources has been identified with the field and electron trajectory distribution. Furthermore, unexpected long electron trajectory lifetimes were found.Comment: 11 pages, 18 figure

Shea\u27s Buffalo Theater Program Scrapbook

This scrapbook contains programs for performances held at Shea’s Buffalo Theater (Shea’s Performing Arts Center) from 1921 through 1923. Please note that the last several pages of the scrapbook were left blank and therefore not digitized.https://digitalcommons.buffalostate.edu/msheascrapbooks/1001/thumbnail.jp

The Story of the End of the World: An Alternative Approach to the Future at the Japanese Museum of Science and Innovation

The following discussion is a critical assessment of the “Story of the End of the World: 73 Questions We Must Answer”, an exhibition at the Miraikan. The Tohoku earthquake and tsunami on the 11th of March 2011 created the necessity for collective catharsis regarding various threats posed by the future. I will argue that the outcome of the exhibition differs significantly in content, presentation and meaning to the more conventional visions of the future presented elsewhere in the museum

A Queer Series of Events: A Comparative Examination of Same-Sex Marriage Legalization

As of 2020, same-sex marriage has been legalized at the national level in 28 countries. This dissertation examines the factors that make legalization of same-sex marriage (same-sex marriage) more likely. Using quantitative analysis and a customized index, The Rainbow Index, to capture overall country friendliness towards LGB equality, this dissertation shows that a combination of secular and emancipative values, a high degree of LGB mobilization capacity, and opportunities for transnational advocacy networks to connect with and support local activists make legalization more likely. Furthermore, this combination of variables, which together represent a country’s friendliness to LGB equality, is more predictive of same-sex marriage legalization than the effects of modernization. Case study qualitative analysis drawing from the cases of Colombia, Japan, Mexico, and Taiwan will also be conducted based on the quantitative findings

Are Europeans Really from Venus? A Comparative Study of War-making and State-Making in the US and EU.

With regard to making war, the European Union (EU) is either characterized as being “from Venus” or as having made the transition from “garrison state” to “civilian state.” Drawing on the work from Charles Tilly, this thesis will show that neither characterization provides an accurate depiction of European behavior where the use of coercive force is concerned. To best understand the behavior of the EU it is necessary to conceive of it as a certain kind of state, and to highlight the ways in which peacekeeping and humanitarian interventions serve the same purposes as classical war-making. This thesis will use the examples of interventions in the former Yugoslavia and Iraq as case studies

Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Contamination of Breeding Pools Utilized by the Puerto Rican Crested Toad, Peltophryne lemur.

Habitat preservation and management may play an important role in the conservation of the Puerto Rican crested toad, Peltophryne lemur, due to this species' small geographic range and declining native wild population. Bioavailable water concentrations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) contaminants within breeding pools at 3 sites were established using Passive Sampling Devices (PSDs) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). A more diverse population of PAH analytes were found in higher concentrations at the breeding site that allowed direct vehicular access, but calculated risk quotients indicated low risk to toad reproduction associated with the current PAH analyte levels

Near-Field Limits on the Role of Faint Galaxies in Cosmic Reionization

Reionizing the Universe with galaxies appears to require significant star formation in low-mass halos at early times, while local dwarf galaxy counts tell us that star formation has been minimal in small halos around us today. Using simple models and the ELVIS simulation suite, we show that reionization scenarios requiring appreciable star formation in halos with $M_{\rm vir} \approx 10^{8}\,M_{\odot}$ at $z=8$ are in serious tension with galaxy counts in the Local Group. This tension originates from the seemingly inescapable conclusion that 30 - 60 halos with $M_{\rm vir} > 10^{8}\,M_{\odot}$ at $z=8$ will survive to be distinct bound satellites of the Milky Way at $z = 0$. Reionization models requiring star formation in such halos will produce dozens of bound galaxies in the Milky Way's virial volume today (and 100 - 200 throughout the Local Group), each with $\gtrsim 10^{5}\,M_{\odot}$ of old stars ($\gtrsim 13$ Gyr). This exceeds the stellar mass function of classical Milky Way satellites today, even without allowing for the (significant) post-reionization star formation observed in these galaxies. One possible implication of these findings is that star formation became sharply inefficient in halos smaller than $\sim 10^9 \,M_{\odot}$ at early times, implying that the high-$z$ luminosity function must break at magnitudes brighter than is often assumed (at ${\rm M_{UV}} \approx -14$). Our results suggest that JWST (and possibly even HST with the Frontier Fields) may realistically detect the faintest galaxies that drive reionization. It remains to be seen how these results can be reconciled with the most sophisticated simulations of early galaxy formation at present, which predict substantial star formation in $M_{\rm vir} \sim 10^8 \, M_{\odot}$ halos during the epoch of reionization.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures; minor updates. Published in MNRAS Letter