Peculiar Quarantines: The Seamen Acts and Regulatory Authority in the Antebellum South

In 1824, the American schooner Fox sailed into Charleston harbor with seasoned mariner and Rhode Island native Amos Daley on board. When officials boarded the ship, they interrogated the captain and crew before cuffing Daley and hauling him off to the Charleston jail, where he remained until the Fox was set to leave harbor. Daley's detainment occurred because 16 months earlier the South Carolina General Assembly had enacted a statute barring the entrance of all free people of color into the state. Unlike other antebellum state statutes limiting black immigration, this law extended further, stretching to include in its prohibition maritime laborers aboard temporarily docked, commercial vessels. This particular section of the law was passed on the assumption that such sailors inspired slave insurrection and thereby posed a direct threat to the safety and welfare of the citizenry. Over the course of the next four decades, the states of North Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas would join South Carolina in passing statutes, commonly referred to as the "Seamen Acts," which limited the ingress of free black mariners. Amos Daley was only one of ~10,000 sailors directly affected by these particularly Southern regulations

Estimation of the radioactive source dispersion from Fukushima nuclear power plant accident

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Impact of Monthly Radioxenon Source Time-Resolution on Atmospheric Concentration Predictions

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Estimation of the time-dependent radioactive source-term from the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident using atmospheric transport modelling

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Moral Contagion : Black Atlantic Sailors, Citizenship, and Diplomacy in Antebellum America

Between 1822 and 1857, eight Southern states barred the ingress of all free black maritime workers. According to lawmakers, they carried a \u27moral contagion\u27 of abolitionism and black autonomy that could be transmitted to local slaves. Those seamen who arrived in Southern ports in violation of the laws faced incarceration, corporal punishment, an incipient form of convict leasing, and even punitive enslavement. The sailors, their captains, abolitionists, and British diplomatic agents protested this treatment. They wrote letters, published tracts, cajoled elected officials, pleaded with Southern officials, and litigated in state and federal courts. By deploying a progressive and sweeping notion of national citizenship - one that guaranteed a number of rights against state regulation - they exposed the ambiguity and potential power of national citizenship as a legal category. Ultimately, the Fourteenth Amendment recognized the robust understanding of citizenship championed by Antebellum free people of color, by people afflicted with \u27moral contagion\u27.https://scholarworks.umf.maine.edu/publications/1064/thumbnail.jp

Status across Borders: Roger Taney, Black British Subjects, and a Diplomatic Antecedent to the Dred Scott Decision

At the request of the U.S. State Department, Roger B. Taney wrote the following lines regarding the obligation of the U.S. president to honor the treaty rights of black British sailors: "Yet this word [subject] cannot be regarded as having been used in that extensive sense by the parties to the contract. That unfortunate people [of the African races] came into the dominions of Great Britain not as aliens coming to settle among them & whose descendants would be free born British subjects, but as slaves; whose posterity it was then intended should always remain so. The privileges there granted to some of them, are rather favours than rights inherent in British subjects. … They are not to be intended to be included when the British people or British subjects are spoken of. … They have never been looked to or considered as forming any part of the body politic." Taney deduced that black Britons were not protected by existing Anglo-American treaties and that Great Britain had no power to compel the United States to guarantee their free entry and movement. Most noticeable about his lines is their uncanny resemblance to the text of the infamous Scott v. Sandford opinion, where Chief Justice Taney refuted both the existence and the possibility of African American citizenship and boldly enshrined the Jacksonian ideal of the white republic into the canons of constitutional law. Taney handed down the decision in Dred Scott's case in 1857, but he penned his opinion about black sailors' treaty rights in his capacity as Andrew Jackson's attorney general in 1832

How to predict seasonal weather and monsoons with radionuclide monitoring

Abstract Monsoon in India is of particular importance for the $2 trillion economy, highly dependent on agriculture. Monsoon rains water two-thirds of India’s harvest. However, the monsoon season also causes large-scale flooding, resulting in loss of human life and economic damage estimated around$7 billion annually. Beryllium-7 is a tracer that can be used to monitor the intensity of stratosphere-troposphere exchange, which varies in accordance with the annual cycle of the global atmospheric circulation (Hadley, Ferrel and Polar cells). Based on the beryllium-7 data collected globally as part of the monitoring of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, the presented empirical method demonstrates the possibility to predict the start, withdrawal and intensity of the Indian monsoon season. Onset can be forecasted with an unprecedented accuracy of ±3 days, 2 months in advance compared to 1–3 weeks in advance by traditional methods. Applying this new method will enable better preparation for economic and natural hazard impacts of the monsoon season in India. This method can also be extended to other regions where the movement of Hadley cells governs monsoon onset and withdrawal

Estimation of the radioactive source dispersion from Fukushima nuclear power plant accident

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Saechsische Meinungsbilder: die ersten Jahre Freistaat Sachsen im Spiegel der Demoskopie

SIGLEAvailable from Bibliothek des Instituts fuer Weltwirtschaft, ZBW, Duesternbrook Weg 120, D-24105 Kiel A 207033 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman