Formulation and application of a dynamic model for atmospheric point sources.

Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1977.No abstract available

Marooned on an Extinct Volcano: the Conservation Status of Four Endemic Land Snails (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) at Mount Kaputar, New South Wales

Volcanic activity in northern inland New South Wales between 40 and 15 million years ago was followed by general continental-scale drying and coastward contraction of mesic ecosystems between 15 and 2 million years ago. Together, these processes resulted in the creation of high-elevation climatic refuges such as Coolah Tops, Mount Kaputar and the Warrumbungle Range as western outposts of the mesic eastern highlands on the dry western slopes. These areas are important hotspots of land snail species diversity and endemism. A high-elevation and dry rainforest land snail community at Mount Kaputar, recognised as being of outstanding conservation significance, was listed as an endangered ecological community under NSW legislation in 2013. Two species from this community, the Kaputar Pink Slug Triboniophorus sp. nov. “Kaputar” and Bronze Rippled Pinwheel Snail Cralopa kaputarensis , are currently listed on the IUCN Red List , as endangered and data deficient respectively. This paper provides an updated assessment of the conservation status of the Kaputar Pink Slug, a reassessment of the Bronze Rippled Pinwheel Snail and original assessment of another two endemic Mount Kaputar species (Kaputar Carnivorous Snail Vitellidelos kaputarensis and Kaputar Keeled Snail Thersites sp. nov. “Kaputar”), concluding that all four species meet the criteria for listing as endangered on the IUCN Red List

Synthesis of transition metal N-heterocyclic carbene complexes and applications in catalysis

Les ligands de carbènes N-hétérocycliques (NHC) qui possèdent une symétrie C1 attirent beaucoup l’attention dans la littérature. Le présent projet de recherche propose de synthétiser une nouvelle série de ligands NHC C1-symétriques avec deux groupements N-alkyles qui exploitent un relais chiral. Un protocole modulaire et efficace pour la synthèse des sels d’imidazolium chiraux qui servent comme préligands pour les NHC a été développé. Quelques-uns de ces nouveaux ligands ont été installés sur le cuivre et de l’or, créant de nouveaux complexes chiraux. Les nouveaux complexes à base de cuivre ont été évalués comme catalyseurs pour le couplage oxydatif de 2-naphthols. Les ligands C1-symmétriques ont fourni des meilleurs rendements que les ligands C2-symmétriques. Au cours de l’optimisation, des additifs ont été évalués; les additifs à base de pyridine ont fourni des énantiosélectivités modérées tandis que les additifs à base de malonate ont donné des meilleurs rendements de la réaction de couplage oxydatif. Ultérieurement, les additifs à base de malonate ont été appliqués envers l’hétérocouplage de 2-naphthols. Le partenaire de couplage qui est riche en électrons est normalement en grand excès à cause de sa tendance à dégrader. Avec le bénéfice de l’additif, les deux partenaires de couplage peuvent être utilisés dans des quantités équivalentes. La découverte de l’effet des additifs a permis le développement d’un protocole général pour l’hétérocouplage de 2-naphthols.A new class of C1-symmetric N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands has been developed. The new ligands exploit a biaryl methyne as a chiral relay, and an N-methyl group as a reactivity controlling element. The precursors for the new ligands were synthesized via a modular scheme that allows for facile diversification. Several of the new ligands were installed onto both copper and gold, generating mono N-heterocyclic carbene transition metal complexes. The new C1-symmetric copper complexes were tested as catalysts for the synthesis of binaphthols via the oxidative coupling of electron poor 2-naphthols. The new C1-symmetric ligands afforded higher yields than their C2-symmetric counterparts. During the course of the optimization, small molecule additives were found to modulate the reactivity of the copper catalyst. Pyridine additives, such as 2-picoline, were found to induce low to moderate enantioselectivity in the oxidative coupling reaction, while diethylmalonate was found to improve the reaction yield without affecting the selectivity. The malonate additive was employed in the catalytic oxidative heterocoupling of electronically dissimilar 2-naphthols. The electron-rich coupling partner is normally added in a large excess due to its tendency to degrade. When the malonate additive is used, the coupling partners can be used in equimolar quantities. The discovery resulted in the development of a general protocol for the additive assisted aerobic oxidative heterocoupling of electronically dissimilar 2-naphthols

Medication Safety in the Operating Room

The operating room is an area where a significant number of adverse drug events occur. Anesthesia providers administer potentially dangerous medications with very little oversight. We looked for a way to decrease the likelihood that a lethal dose of phenylephrine (10mg) would be given to a patient

The Basic Science of Radiofrequency-Based Devices

This chapter outlines the basic science and specific principles of operation for radiofrequency (RF) technologies with a focus on minimally-invasive applications enhancing liposuction procedure. Before discussing the parameters, settings and techniques for radiofrequency-assisted lipolysis (RFAL) and fractional RF subdermal treatment, it is important to understand the fundamentals of the basic science of RF technologies and applications. The chapter accurately describes the physics of the processes occurring during RF-based treatment, and the factors affecting its safe and efficacious outcome. The discussion of RF-based devices will use terminology and definitions provided by FDA guidance for electrosurgical devices. Measurements and computer simulations conducted by the authors to illustrate importance of different parameters for the specific treatments of skin and subcutaneous fat are also presented