Marine flora and fauna of the eastern United States Mollusca: Cephalopoda

The cephalopods found in neritic waters of the northeastern United States include myopsid and oegopsid squids, sepiolid squids, and octopods. A key with diagnostic illustrations is provided to aid in identification of the eleven species common in the neritic waters between Cape Hatteras and Nova Scotia; included also is information on two oceanic species that occur over the continental shelf in this area and that can be confused with similar-looking neritic species. Other sections comprise a glossary of taxonomic characters used for identification of these species, an annotated systematic checklist, and checklists of the 89 other oceanic species and 18 Carolinian and subtropical neritic species that might occur occasionally off the northeastern United States. (PDF file contains 30 pages.

Distribution, relative abundance and developmental morphology of paralarval cephalopods in the Western North Atlantic Ocean

Paralarval and juvenile cephalopods collected in plankton samples on 21 western North Atlantic cruises were identified and enumerated. The 3731 specimens were assigned to 44 generic and specific taxa. This paper describes their spatial and temporal distributions and their developmental morphology. The smallest paralarvae recognized for a number of species are identified and illustrated. The two most abundant and most frequently collected taxa were identifiable to species based on known systematic characters of young, as well as on distribution of the adults. These were the neritic squids Loligo pealeii and Illex illecebrosus collected north of Cape Hatteras, both valuable fishery resources. Other abundant taxa included two morphotypes of ommastrephids, at least five species of enoploteuthids, two species of onychoteuthids, and unidentified octopods. Most taxa were distributed widely both in time and in space, although some seasonal and mesoscale-spatial patterns were indicated. The taxa that appeared to have distinct seasonal distribution included most of the neritic species and, surprisingly, the young of the bathypelagic cranchiids. In eight seasonal cruises over the continental shelf of the middle U.S. Atlantic states, neritic taxa demonstrated approximately the same seasonal patterns during two consecutive years. Interannual differences in the oceanic taxa collected on the shelf were extreme. The highest abundance and diversity of planktonic cephalopods in the oceanic samples were consistently found in the vicinity of the Gulf Stream. Only eight of the oceanic taxa appeared to have limited areal distributions, compared with twelve taxa that were found throughout the western North Atlantic regions sampled in this study. Many taxa, however, were not collected frequently enough to describe seasonal or spatial patterns. Comparisons with published accounts of other cephalopod surveys indicate both strengths and weaknesses in various sampling techniques for capturing the young of oceanic cephalopods. Enoploteuthids were abundant both in our study and in other studies using midwater trawls in several areas of the North Atlantic. Thus, this family probably is adequately sampled over its developmental range. In contrast, octopoteuthids and chtenopterygiids are rare in collections made by small to medium-sized midwater trawls but are comparatively common in plankton samples. For families that are relatively common in plankton samples, paralarval abundance, derived similarly to the familiar ichthyoplankton surveys of fisheries science, may be the most reliable method of gathering data on distribution and abundance. (PDF file contains 58 pages.

Microinjection of Zebrafish Embryos to Analyze Gene Function

One of the advantages of studying zebrafish is the ease and speed of manipulating protein levels in the embryo. Morpholinos, which are synthetic oligonucleotides with antisense complementarity to target RNAs, can be added to the embryo to reduce the expression of a particular gene product. Conversely, processed mRNA can be added to the embryo to increase levels of a gene product. The vehicle for adding either mRNA or morpholino to an embryo is microinjection. Microinjection is efficient and rapid, allowing for the injection of hundreds of embryos per hour. This video shows all the steps involved in microinjection. Briefly, eggs are collected immediately after being laid and lined up against a microscope slide in a Petri dish. Next, a fine-tipped needle loaded with injection material is connected to a microinjector and an air source, and the microinjector controls are adjusted to produce a desirable injection volume. Finally, the needle is plunged into the embryo's yolk and the morpholino or mRNA is expelled

Marine flora and fauna of the eastern United States Mollusca: Cephalopoda

The cephalopods found in neritic waters of the northeastern United States include myopsid and oegopsid squids, sepiolid squids, and octopods. A key with diagnostic illustrations is provided to aid in identification of the eleven species common in the neritic waters between Cape Hatteras and Nova Scotia; included also is information on two oceanic species that occur over the continental shelf in this area and that can be confused with similar-looking neritic species. Other sections comprise a glossary of taxonomic characters used for identification of these species, an annotated systematic checklist, and checklists of the 89 other oceanic species and 18 Carolinian and subtropical neritic species that might occur occasionally off the northeastern United State

1091-207 Primary and secondary prevention implantable cardioverter defibrillator patients have similar proportions of ventricular tachyarrhythmia detections and equivalent risk for spurious therapies: Results from painFREE Rx II

Tarrasó, Olga;Fuente Fuente, Carlos;Reventós, Manue

Dry Gas Seal Retrofit.

LecturePg. 221-230Conventionally lubricated shaft sealing systems have long been known to be unreliable, high in maintenance and in some cases hazardous in centrifugal compressors. Labyrinth sealing systems, while generally low in maintenance, are extremely high in operating costs (product loss and steam costs). Dry gas lubricated sealing systems retrofitted into centrifugal compressors are now recognized as a cost effective means of improving equipment performance. Step by step requirements for a successful retrofit of a centrifugal compressor with dry running gas lubricated seals is presented based upon experience and the review of numerous retrofit projects in which dry gas seals are now operating. A description and the advantages of dry gas seals are provided, along with a feasibility study to determine whether or not a retrofit is technically, environmentally, and economically desirable. A detailed proposal request narrative and steps suggested in awarding the contract are shown. This is followed by installation procedures for the dry gas seals along with the commissioning of the newly retrofitted machine. The significant issues presented are based on actual case histories

Essential role of syntaxin-binding protein-1 in the regulation of glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion

Circadian secretion of the incretin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), correlates with expression of the core clock gene, Bmal1, in the intestinal L-cell. Several SNARE proteins known to be circadian in pancreatic α- and β-cells are also necessary for GLP-1 secretion. However, the role of the accessory SNARE, Syntaxin binding protein-1 (Stxbp1; also known as Munc18-1) in the L-cell is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether Stxbp1 is under circadian regulation in the L-cell and its role in the control of GLP-1 secretion. Stxbp1 was highly-enriched in L-cells, and STXBP1 was expressed in a subpopulation of L-cells in mouse and human intestinal sections. Stxbp1 transcripts and protein displayed circadian patterns in mGLUTag L-cells line, while chromatin-immunoprecipitation revealed increased interaction between BMAL1 and Stxbp1 at the peak time-point of the circadian pattern. STXBP1 recruitment to the cytosol and plasma membrane within 30 minutes of L-cell stimulation was also observed at this time-point. Loss of Stxbp1 in vitro and in vivo led to reduced stimulated GLP-1 secretion at the peak time-point of circadian release, and impaired GLP-1 secretion ex vivo. In conclusion, Stxbp1 is a circadian regulated exocytotic protein in the intestinal L-cell that is an essential regulatory component of GLP-1 secretion.Wellcome Trust MR

Understanding the Concentration Dependence of Viral Capsid Assembly Kinetics - the Origin of the Lag Time and Identifying the Critical Nucleus Size

The kinetics for the assembly of viral proteins into a population of capsids can be measured in vitro with size exclusion chromatography or dynamic light scattering, but extracting mechanistic information from these studies is challenging. For example, it is not straightforward to determine the critical nucleus size or the elongation time (the time required for a nucleated partial capsid to grow completion). We show that, for two theoretical models of capsid assembly, the critical nucleus size can be determined from the concentration dependence of the assembly reaction half-life and the elongation time is revealed by the length of the lag phase. Furthermore, we find that the system becomes kinetically trapped when nucleation becomes fast compared to elongation. Implications of this constraint for determining elongation mechanisms from experimental assembly data are discussed.Comment: Submitted to Biophysical Journa