Novel Indices of Meteorological Drivers of West Nile Virus in Ohio Culex Species Mosquitoes From 2002-2006

Novel indices were developed representing estimated stages in the mosquito life cycle and its ecology, and informed with meteorological data. We used descriptive statistics to identify relationships between meteorological/ecological trends and peak infection rates (IRs), and mixed model linear regression to identify meteorological/ecological trends that were significantly associated with increases in mosquito IRs. Results showed increased mean weekly temperature as a significant driver of increased IRs between 2002 and 2006 during oviposition (the trapping week); the gonotrophic cycle; the egg, larvae, and pupae stage; the development of oviposition sites; and during the over-winter months preceding trapping. Decreases in weekly cumulative precipitation during the last half of the development of oviposition sites, and the egg, larvae, and pupae stage, were significantly associated with increases in IRs. Increased cumulative precipitation during the first half of the development of oviposition sites was significantly associated with increases in IRs. Decreases in the weekly Palmer Drought Index during the development of oviposition sites were significantly associated with increases in IR

Indoor Microbiome and Antibiotic Resistance on Floor Surfaces: An Exploratory Study in Three Different Building Types

Floor materials in indoor environments are known to be reservoirs of microbes. We focused on examining bacterial community composition, antibiotic resistance (AR) and microbial source tracking (MST) of fecal bacteria on the floor surfaces. Swab samples were collected from carpet and vinyl floors in three different buildings (medical, veterinary, and office buildings) from high and low traffic areas. Bacterial communities were determined with 16S rRNA sequencing, and AR (tetracycline (tetQ), sulfonamide, and carbapenem (KPC)) and MST (human-, canine-, avian-, and ruminant-specific fecal bacteria) were examined with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The results show that Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were the most abundant phyla. Traffic level significantly affected the number of operational taxonomic units. Traffic level was a key factor for distinctive bacterial community in the medical center. Targeted ARGs were detected from all buildings and tetQ concentration was related with traffic level, and KPC was only detected from the medical center. Most of the floor surfaces showed the presence of dog-specific fecal bacteria (83%) followed by bird-specific fecal bacteria (75%). The results suggest that traffic levels affected the bacterial levels and fecal contamination is prevalent on the floor surfaces. This is the first study that reports KPC presence on the floor surfaces

The Global One Health initiative: Connecting Local to International Efforts

The mission of the Global One Health initiative (GOHi) is to expand capacity for a One Health approach via applied education, training, research and outreach to more efficiently and effectively address causes and effects of diseases at the interface of humans, animals, plants and the environment. The GOHi vision is to produce capable professionals and institutional systems that support and advance a healthy, enduring global (local and international) community. General introduction (GOHi exec. co-leader/GOHi staff team member): The Global One Health initiative (GOHi) at Ohio State is the university's largest interdisciplinary example of institutional teamwork operating on a global scale. GOHi improves the health of communities, builds and strengthens capacity among public health professionals and provides learning opportunities for students, faculty and staff around the world. Founded in 2009 by a team of faculty members representing diverse but complementary disciplines at Ohio State, GOHi actively supports communities in Ohio, Eastern Africa, Central and South America, and Asia. In alignment with GOHi, in 2016 the Ohio State Board of Trustees approved the Global One Health, LLC as an affiliated entity of the university with GOHi's Eastern Africa regional office. This international presence has been proven to be a great asset for connecting local and international partners and communities. See details at https://globalonehealth.osu.edu. Engaging training capacity activities (GOHi exec/co-lead): A GOHi core capacity building activity in the Eastern Africa region is the annual One Health Summer Institute (OHSI), which recently concluded its 7th consecutive year. In 2018 alone, GOHi supported a record 20+ trainings and workshops in Addis Ababa, Gondar and Haramaya, Ethiopia, and two different locations in Kenya during the 2018 One Health Summer Institute. There were 500+ participants from numerous African countries including Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia. Additionally, 33 educators from 10 different U.S. and African universities provided instruction on topics ranging from infectious diseases and clinical pharmacy to One Health leadership. It was one of GOHi's strongest summer institute to date. Engaging implementation science capacity through the Global Health Security (GOHi exec/co-Lead): GOHi is involved in local and international research and implementation capacity building efforts including the Global Health Security Agenda. The presentation highlights key initiatives in antimicrobial stewardship and resistance, tuberculosis prevention and control at home (in Ohio) and abroad (Africa and Asia) and zoonotic disease prevention efforts. In the past few years, GOHi's community-engaged projects in eastern Africa and Ohio resulted in several key impactful outcomes.AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Michael Bisesi, professor, Global One Health initiative, [email protected] (Corresponding Author); Wondwossen Gebreyes, professor of Veterinary Science, Global One Health initiative; Sally Miller, professor, Global One Health initiative; Christine O'Malley, communication expert, Global One Health initiative; Shu-Hua Wang, professor, Global One Health initiativeThe mission of the Global One Health initiative (GOHi) is to expand capacity for a One Health approach via applied education, training, research, and outreach to more efficiently and effectively address causes and effects of diseases at the interface of humans, animals, plants, and the environment. The GOHi vision is to produce capable professionals and institutional systems that support and advance a healthy, enduring global (local and international) community. Areas addressed include: GOHi's commitment for community engagement; role of affiliated entity, Global One Health, LLC in eastern Africa; engaging communities through training capacity activities and engaging implementation of science capacity through global health security. As a land-grant university, Ohio State needs to play a lead role in building and strengthening capacity and engaging communities to address global priorities

After-Action Review of the 2009-10 H1N1 Influenza Outbreak Response: Ohio’s Public Health System’s Performance

Objective: In early 2009, H1N1 influenza was identified within the human population. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) officials responded with focused assessment, policy development, and assurances. The response was mobilized through efforts including procurement of adequate vaccine supply, local area span of control, materials acquisition, and facilities and resource identification. Methods: Qualitative evaluation of the assurance functions specific to the system\u27s ability to assure safe and healthy conditions are reported. The methodology mirrors the Homeland Security Exercise and Evaluation Program used to assess system capability. Results: Findings demonstrate the effectiveness of community responsive disease prevention efforts in partnership with the public health systems mission to unify traditional public sector systems, for-profit systems, and local area systems was accomplished. As a result of this response pharmaceutical industries, healthcare providers, healthcare agencies, police/safety, colleges, and health and human service agencies were united. Conclusions: Findings demonstrate the effectiveness of community response strategies utilizing feedback from system stakeholders. After-action review processes are critical in all-hazards preparedness. This analysis of local health district response to the H1N1 influenza outbreak informs future public health service delivery. Results provide a synthesis of local health department\u27s emergency response strategies, challenges encountered, and future-focused emergency response strategy implementation. A synthesis is provided as to policy and practice developments which have emerged over the past seven years with regard to lessons learned from the 2009-10 H1N1 influenza outbreak and response