Comparison of Isolation Methods and Physicochemical Characteristics of Starches Isolated from Red and White Sorghum Hybrids

The aim of this study is to optimize starch isolation from different sorghum cultivars and characterize the starch from fourteen red and white sorghum hybrids. Methods involving sulfite maceration and/or protein hydrolysis are assayed. Recovery and yield, residual protein, total and starch damage, whiteness index (WI), water absorption, solubility, and swelling power of isolated starches are compared in order to select the appropriate isolation method. Results indicate that starch recoveries between 44–76%. Isolated starches present 0.58–2.4 g 100 g−1 residual proteins, 89.1–90.6 WI, 5.10–9.57 g 100 g−1 solubility, and 15.09–22.57 g water 100 g−1 swelling power. Taking into account recovery, residual protein, WI, and good hydration properties of starch, the maceration during 24 h combined with protein hydrolysis during 3 h is used to isolate starches. After starch isolation, its characterization (residual protein, total and damage starch, amylose content, particle size distribution, WI, crystallinity, gelatinization temperature, water absorption, solubility, and swelling power) is performed. Principal component analysis shows that color as indicator of variety is influenced by the structure, composition, and physicochemical properties of isolated starch. Starches from white sorghum hybrids have higher amylose content and gelatinization temperature than the red ones, which affect starch solubility, and swelling power.Fil: Albarracín, Micaela. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Instituto de Tecnología de los Alimentos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; ArgentinaFil: Drago, Silvina Rosa. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Instituto de Tecnología de los Alimentos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; Argentin

Physicochemical properties and structural characteristics of whole grain Oryza sativa L. with different treatments

[EN] Physicochemical properties and structural characteristics of whole rice flours with different treatments (soaking, germination and extrusion cooking) were studied. Water solubility, water absorption, crystallinity, adsorption isotherms (BET and GAB models), and glass transition temperature of the samples were determined. Water solubility and water absorption were enhanced by extrusion cooking process (3.17 4.98 vs. 24.1 53.76 g/100 g and 2.77 3.05 vs. 4.46 7.04 ml/g, respectively), but crystallinity was decreased (30 33 vs. 4 16%). Adsorption isotherms showed that extruded samples exhibited higher equilibrium moisture content as compared with their corresponding non-extruded samples (5.0 19.2 vs. 4.0 16.1 g water/g solids). There were no changes in glass transition temperature values in the studied moisture range (3.8 16 g/100 g). These results allow the correct use of whole rice flours with different treatments in foods and also contributed to the knowledge of stabilization of the productsThe author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was partially financed by ANPCYT (PICT 1105) and ERASMUS MUNDUS ACTION 2 ARCOIRIS Fellowship.Albarracin, M.; Talens Oliag, P.; Martínez Navarrete, N.; González, RJ.; Drago, SR. (2016). Physicochemical properties and structural characteristics of whole grain Oryza sativa L. with different treatments. Food Science and Technology International. 22(4):1-10. doi:10.1177/1082013215600078S110224Albarracín, M., José González, R., & Drago, S. R. (2015). Soaking and extrusion effects on physicochemical parameters, phytic acid, nutrient content and mineral bio-accessibility of whole rice grain. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 66(2), 210-215. doi:10.3109/09637486.2014.986070Björck, I., & Asp, N.-G. (1983). The effects of extrusion cooking on nutritional value — A literature review. Journal of Food Engineering, 2(4), 281-308. doi:10.1016/0260-8774(83)90016-xBrunauer, S., Deming, L. S., Deming, W. E., & Teller, E. (1940). On a Theory of the van der Waals Adsorption of Gases. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 62(7), 1723-1732. doi:10.1021/ja01864a025Donkor, O. N., Stojanovska, L., Ginn, P., Ashton, J., & Vasiljevic, T. (2012). Germinated grains – Sources of bioactive compounds. Food Chemistry, 135(3), 950-959. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.05.058Gonzalez, R. J., De Greef, D. M., Torres, R. L., Borras, F. S., & Robutti, J. (2004). Effects of endosperm hardness and extrusion temperature on properties of products obtained with grits from two commercial maize cultivars. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 37(2), 193-198. doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2003.07.004Gonzalez, R., Drago, S., Torres, R., & De Greef, D. (2013). Extrusion Cooking of Cereal-Based Products. Contemporary Food Engineering. doi:10.1201/b15246-13González, R. J., Pastor Cavada, E., Vioque Peña, J., Torres, R. L., De Greef, D. M., & Drago, S. R. (2013). Extrusion Conditions and Amylose Content Affect Physicochemical Properties of Extrudates Obtained from Brown Rice Grains. International Journal of Food Science, 2013, 1-8. doi:10.1155/2013/584148Herawat, H., Kusnandar, F., Adawiyah, D. R., Budijanto, S., & Rahman, M. S. (2014). Thermal characteristics and state diagram of extruded instant artificial rice. Thermochimica Acta, 593, 50-57. doi:10.1016/j.tca.2014.08.017Jones, J. M., & Engleson, J. (2010). Whole Grains: Benefits and Challenges. Annual Review of Food Science and Technology, 1(1), 19-40. doi:10.1146/annurev.food.112408.132746Kim, H. Y., Hwang, I. G., Kim, T. M., Woo, K. S., Park, D. S., Kim, J. H., … Jeong, H. S. (2012). Chemical and functional components in different parts of rough rice (Oryza sativa L.) before and after germination. Food Chemistry, 134(1), 288-293. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.02.138Lowry, R. R., & Tinsley, I. J. (1976). Rapid colorimetric determination of free fatty acids. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, 53(7), 470-472. doi:10.1007/bf02636814Matveev, Y. (2000). The plasticizing effect of water on proteins, polysaccharides and their mixtures. Glassy state of biopolymers, food and seeds. Food Hydrocolloids, 14(5), 425-437. doi:10.1016/s0268-005x(00)00020-5Perdon, A., Siebenmorgen, T. J., & Mauromoustakos, A. (2000). Glassy State Transition and Rice Drying: Development of a Brown Rice State Diagram. Cereal Chemistry Journal, 77(6), 708-713. doi:10.1094/cchem.2000.77.6.708ROOS, Y., & KAREL, M. (1991). Plasticizing Effect of Water on Thermal Behavior and Crystallization of Amorphous Food Models. Journal of Food Science, 56(1), 38-43. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.1991.tb07970.xRuiz-Ruiz, J., Martínez-Ayala, A., Drago, S., González, R., Betancur-Ancona, D., & Chel-Guerrero, L. (2008). Extrusion of a hard-to-cook bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and quality protein maize (Zea mays L.) flour blend. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 41(10), 1799-1807. doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2008.01.005SIU, G. M., & DRAPER, H. H. (1978). A SURVEY OF THE MALONALDEHYDE CONTENT OF RETAIL MEATS AND FISH. Journal of Food Science, 43(4), 1147-1149. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.1978.tb15256.xSun, Z., Yang, W., Siebenmorgen, T., Stelwagen, A., & Cnossen, A. (2002). Thermomechanical Transitions of Rice Kernels. Cereal Chemistry Journal, 79(3), 349-353. doi:10.1094/cchem.2002.79.3.349Timmermann, E. O. (2003). Multilayer sorption parameters: BET or GAB values? Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 220(1-3), 235-260. doi:10.1016/s0927-7757(03)00059-1Tovar, J., Bjoerck, I. M., & Asp, N. G. (1990). Starch content and .alpha.-amylolysis rate in precooked legume flours. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 38(9), 1818-1823. doi:10.1021/jf00099a00

Escuela secundaria posible

REPENSAR LA EDUCACIÓN SECUNDARIA Colección de infografías II Parte Seguimiento de medios de comunicación 2017-2019Fil: Ferreyra, Horacio Ademar. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Educación; ArgentinaFil: Di Francesco, Adriana Carlota. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Educación; ArgentinaFil: Equipo de investigación en educación de adolescentes y jóvenes. Unidad Asociada CONICET. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Educación; Argentina

Bioactive properties of sorghum-based beverages from whole or refined grains

Sorghum-based beverages were developed and the effects of decortication on nutritional composition and biofunctional properties after a simulated gastrointestinal digestion were analyzed. For that, white sorghum flours from whole (WS) and decorticated (DS) grains were obtained and used to prepare sorghum beverages. They were analyzed regarding chemical composition, minerals, and phenolic acid contents. Moreover, the bioaccessibility of phenolics, proteins, and the potential bioactivity (ABTS+ scavenging, ACE-I inhibition and DPP-IV inhibition) after a simulated gastrointestinal digestion were determined. The grain decortication increased the content of carbohydrates and Fe in the flour, but decreased all the other compounds analyzed. Gallic and ferulic acids were the most abundant free and bound phenolics, respectively. WS-beverage exhibited higher gallic acid bioaccessibility, while DS presented higher p-coumaric acid bioaccessibility, with no differences for ferulic acid. DS-beverage showed higher peptide bioaccessibility than WS, probably because of the higher degree of hydrolysis of proteins from refined flour. Regarding bioactive properties, WS- beverage presented 20% more ABTS scavenging than DS, possibly related to the higher phenolic content. On the other hand, DS-beverage presented higher ACE-I and DPP-IV inhibition than WS (40 and 100% more, respectively) because of the generation of bioactive peptides. Whole or refined sorghum could be used to produce beverages analogs to milk, with health potential benefits.Fil: Garzón, Antonela Guadalupe. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Instituto de Tecnología de los Alimentos; ArgentinaFil: Albarracín, Micaela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Instituto de Tecnología de los Alimentos; ArgentinaFil: Drago, Silvina Rosa. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Instituto de Tecnología de los Alimentos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Sexo masculino del feto como factor de desarrollo de preeclampsia en embarazadas del Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso, en el año 2016

Antecedentes: los trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo representan la principal causa de mortalidad materna en el país, sin embargo, el sexo del producto no ha sido estudiado como un factor de riesgo; ante esta situación se plantea buscar la relación entre el sexo del producto y la presentación de preeclampsia. Objetivo general: establecer la relación entre el sexo del producto con el desarrollo de preeclampsia en embarazadas del Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso durante el periodo 2016. Metodología: estudio analítico de casos y controles, en un total de 90 casos y 90 controles. La recolección de información se realizó mediante un formulario elaborado por las autoras, los datos fueron analizados mediante el programa SPSS versión 15; obteniendo frecuencias y porcentajes, para establecer la relación se usó el valor del Odds ratio con intervalos de confianza para un 95%. Resultados: la población en estudio en la mayoría de casos tenía entre 20 a 29 años, residentes en el área rural los controles, en el área urbana los casos, situación que se repitió con la procedencia. La secundaria fue el nivel de instrucción más representativo en ambos grupos. La frecuencia de productos de sexo masculino en el grupo con preeclampsia fue 57,8%, en el grupo control fue 4,4%. El sexo masculino del producto aumenta el riesgo de preeclampsia en 29,4 (9,9-87,1). Conclusiones: se comprobó la hipótesis, el sexo masculino del producto aumenta el riesgo de preeclampsia significativamente; por lo que en estos casos las evaluaciones y el control de la gestante debe ser integralBackground: the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy represent the main cause of maternal mortality in the country; however, the sex of the product has not been studied as a risk factor; given this situation, it´s proposed to look for the relationship between the sex of the product and the presentation of preeclampsia. General objective: to establish the relationship between the sex of the product and the development of preeclampsia in pregnant women of the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital during the 2016 period. Methodology: analytical study of cases and controls, in a total of 90 cases and 90 controls. The information was collected using a form elaborated by the authors of the study and the data were analyzed through the SPSS (proof); obtaining frequencies and percentages, and to establish the relationship the value of the Odss ratio was used with confidence intervals for a 95%. Results: the study population in most cases was between 20 and 29 years old, residents in the rural area the controls and in the urban area the cases, situation that was repeated with the origin, the secondary level was the most representative level of instruction in both groups. The frequency of products was male in the group with preeclampsia was 57,8% and in the control was 4,4%. The male sex of the product increases the risk of preeclampsia by 29,4 (9,9-87,1). Conclusions: the hypothesis was verified, the male sex of the product increases the risk of preeclampsia significantly; so in these cases the evaluations and the control of the pregnant woman must be integral.MédicoCuenc

Soaking and extrusion effects on physicochemical parameters, phytic acid, nutrient content and mineral bio-accessibility of whole rice grain

A combination of soaking and extrusion processes of whole rice grain was studied. The effects of temperature (35–55 °C) and time (24–48 h) of soaking treatment on phytic acid (PA), protein and ashes losses using a factorial design were evaluated. Taking into account ash, protein and PA losses, whole rice was soaked 24 h at 45 °C and extruded using a Brabender single screw extruder. Effects of extrusion temperature (160–190 °C) and moisture content (14–19 g/100 g) on product characteristics were evaluated using surface response methodology. Values corresponding to the different responses were: Expansion (1.64–3.28), Specific Volume (5.68–11.06 cm3/g), Water absorption (3.41–4.43 mL/g) and Solubility (45.44–66.20 g/100 g). The content of PA was reduced from 740.09 to 163.47 mg/100 g (77%) after both processes, resulting in a higher mineral bio-accessibility, and a 7.3% decrease of protein digestibility. Total soluble phenolics and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) were affected according to the treatment. Both treatments were important to obtain a nutritionally improved whole grain product.Fil: Albarracín, Micaela. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Instituto de Tecnología de los Alimentos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; ArgentinaFil: Gonzalez, Rolando Jose. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Instituto de Tecnología de los Alimentos; ArgentinaFil: Drago, Silvina Rosa. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Instituto de Tecnología de los Alimentos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; Argentin

Effect of soaking process on nutrient bio-accessibility and phytic acid content of brown rice cultivar

Grain soaking treatment could reduce phytates improving mineral and protein bioavailability. To evaluate the effects of soaking process with lactic acid on phytates and nutrient content (Fe, Zn, and proteins) from whole rice grain, a surface response methodology with a 32 factorial experimental design was used. The independent variables were time (24, 36 and 48 h) and temperature (35, 45 and 55 C) of soaking. The results showed that soaking decreased total phosphorus (TP) in the range of 35e92.4 mg/100 g compared to 255 mg/100 g in whole rice. The losses of phytate in the grains were between 87 and 91%, the remnant phytic acid phosphorus in the grains being between 15.1 and 20.9 mg/100 g, and the most effective treatment was soaking at 45 C for 48 h. The losses of the different nutrients were high in all of the different soaking treatments, reaching 50% for Fe, more than 64% for Zn, and around 45% for proteins. Although protein digestibility and mineral dialyzability were improved, acid soaking of brown rice would not be suggested as a useful process to reduce phytates from whole rice grains, if the production of a staple food is the main objective.Fil: Albarracín, Micaela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos; ArgentinaFil: González, Rolando J.. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos; ArgentinaFil: Drago, Silvina Rosa. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; Argentin

Extruded whole grain diets based on brown, soaked and germinated rice: Effects on cecum health, ca absorption and bone parameters of growing wistar rats. Part I

The influence of diets with whole rice processed ingredients on cecum health, calcium absorption and bone parameters was studied using an animal model. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were fed with Control (C), extruded Brown rice (B), extruded Soaked whole rice (S) and extruded Germinated whole rice (G) diets for 60 days. The cecum weight, cecal content pH, cecal sIgA content, and β-glucosidase and β-glucuronidase activities were determined. Calcium apparent absorption, total bone mineral content and density and right femur parameters (ashes, organic content, calcium and P) were evaluated. The results showed that animals fed with whole grain diets have lower food intake in comparison with the C diet, and decreased cecal content pH (7.06 vs. 6.33) and β-glucosidase activity (1.66 vs. 0.21 μmol p-nitrophenol g-1 cc h-1). Even though calcium apparent absorption was not different among treatments (∼70%), none of the whole grain diets improved calcium related bone parameters over the control fed rats (cellulose as dietary fibre).Fil: Albarracín, Micaela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Instituto de Tecnología de los Alimentos; ArgentinaFil: Weisstaub, Adriana Ruth. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; ArgentinaFil: Zuleta, Angela. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; ArgentinaFil: Drago, Silvina Rosa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Instituto de Tecnología de los Alimentos; Argentin

Extruded whole grain diets based on brown, soaked and germinated rice: Effects on the lipid profile and antioxidant status of growing Wistar rats. Part II

The influence of whole grain (WG) rice based diets on the lipid profile and antioxidant status was evaluated. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were fed with Control (C), extruded Brown rice (B), extruded Soaked whole rice (S) and extruded Germinated whole rice (G) diets for 60 days. Triacylglycerols (TAGs), cholesterol and malondialdehyde equivalent (MDA eq.) in serum and liver were determined. Catalase (CAT), Glutathione Reductase (GR) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) enzyme activities and Glutathione Reduced (GSH) and Oxidized (GSSG) in the liver were analyzed. Animals consuming B and S diets presented lower body weight gain. All WG diets reduced TAGs in serum and MDA eq. Content in liver in comparison with the C diet. WG rice diets improved the redox status in animals mainly fed G due to their higher GR activity and GSH/GSSG ratio.Fil: Albarracín, Micaela. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Instituto de Tecnología de los Alimentos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; ArgentinaFil: Weisstaub, Adriana Ruth. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; ArgentinaFil: Zuleta, Angela. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; ArgentinaFil: Drago, Silvina Rosa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Instituto de Tecnología de los Alimentos; Argentin