Effect of Different Fertilization Rates on Cyanogen and Foliage and Tuber Yields of Cassava

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of different fertilization rates on the cyanogen and yields of cassava foliage and tuber. Nine fertilization rates, three nitrogen and potassium levels (N: 0, 50, 100 kg/ha and K: 0, 100, 250 kg/ha, respectively) with constant phosphorus level (P: 50 kg/ha) (F-0:N0-P50-K0, F-1:N0-P50-K100, F-2:N0-P50-K250, F-3:N50-P50-K0, F-4:N50-P50-K100, F-5:N50-P50-K250, F-6:N100-P50-K0, F-7:N100-P50-K100, F-8:N100-P50-K250), were applied in the randomized completely block design. After one year experiment, cassava foliage and tuber were harvested, and determined the yields and cyanogen (HCNp) content. The lowest (P < 0.05) HCNp contents and the highest (P < 0.05) foliage, tuber and protein yields were observed in cassava applied with F-4 (N50-P50-K100) and F-5 (N50-P50-K250) in compare with other fertilization rates. Regarding growth characteristics, the plant height (P < 0.05) was also highest in cassava fertilized by F-4 (N50-P50-K100) and F-5 (N50-P50-K250), whereas the leaf numbers per plant and branches number per plant were highest in cassava applied with F-5 (N50-P50-K250) and F-7 (N100-P50-K100), respectively. It could be recommended that the nitrogen (N: 50 kg/ha) and potassium (K: 100-250 kg/ha) should be used to reduce cyanogen contents for safe utilization and increased cassava foliage and tuber yields

Development of probiotics bio-actives liposomes for cosmetic applications

Master of Science (Cosmetic Sciences (International Program)),2019The Lactobacillus paracasei SD1 and Lactobacilli rhamnosus SD11 are found in the oral cavity of humans. They are used as a probiotic for oral health. In this study, it was intended to investigate the cosmetic potential of lyophilized cell free supernatant (LCFS) of L. paracasei SD1 and L. rhamnosus SD11 for dermal application. The cell free supernatant (CFS) of probiotic lactobacilli consisted of various bioactive compounds which confer valuable advantages to skin health. However, the LCFS of Lactobacilli have unpleasant colour and odour. These problems were solved by liposomal encapsulation technology. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were to investigate the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of LCFS, to develop LCFS liposome, to formulate into a cosmetic product as well as to investigate their physicochemical and in vitro release properties. The antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH radicle scavenging assay. The ECso value for L. paracasei SD1 was 940 ± 0.1 μg/ml and for L. rhamnosus SD11 was 690 ± 0.02 μg/ml. Both strains exhibited antagonistic effects on P. acne, S. aureus and S. epidermidis when examined by agar well diffusion assay and broth microdilution assay. In combination, these two strains showed synergistic effects not only on antioxidant activity, but also on antimicrobial activity. Liposomes were prepared with different compositions, ratios and total lipid contents. The optimal liposome formulation loading 5% w/v of actives which was composed of SPC:CHOL:TW 80 in 4:1:1 molar ratio with 80 μmol total lipid. It was characterized by small particle size of 344 nm, low PDI of 0.19, high zeta potential value of -48.05 mV and satisfactory %EE of 69.45. The LCFS liposome showed stability in terms of physical appearance, vesicle sizes, zeta potential and %EE at different temperatures for 90 days. The result of in vitro release showed that the liposome could maintain the release of active compounds over 24 hours. Apart from that, it was observed that the liposome significantly reduced the cytotoxicity when tested with HaCaT cells. For cosmetic formulation development, the cream containing 50% w/w liposome showed good stability. The in vitro release of liposome cream was higher than non-liposome cream at 24 hours with antioxidant activity of 58.87± 0.84% and 27.48 ± 0.80%, respectively (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the antimicrobial potency of the liposome cream was the same as the commercial products. Altogether, it can be concluded that the LCFS liposomes are worthy to develop as cosmetic or cosmeceutical products.Higher Education Research Promotion and the Thailand's Education Hub for Southern Region of ASEAN Countries Project Office of the Higher Education Commission

Combination of Keyword and Visual Feature based Image Retrieval System

Keyword-based image retrieval systems havebecome popular for many image databaseapplications. To improve the performance ofkeyword-based web image queries, combination ofkeyword and visual feature based image retrievalsystem is presented in this paper. Firstly, DOM(Document Object Model) trees are constructed fromcollected web pages. And several text blocks aresegmented based on text cohesion. Then, visualfeatures are extracted from color images in RGB(Red, Green and Blue) color space by using colorhistogram. When user query is entered, text blockswhich contain web images are taken as theassociated texts of corresponding images andTF*IDF values are used to index web images.Finally, keyword and visual features are combinedby using Gaussian Mixture Model to produce therelevance images

Image Zooming with Linear Interpolation

Image zooming is a vital role in image processing. The zoomed images can be distorted because of blocky or jaggy effects. Sometimes, there is a problem to define the content of image or photo. The distorted image is needed to restore its fine detailed information. Our main idea is to restore or sharp blurred images. Many iterpolation methods have been developed in the last decade. We proposed an interpolation framework based on iterative linear interpolation method that can interpolate and produce good image with fine detailed information. Although linear interpolation use the same value for the whole image pixel values, our experiment show good and useful result with color image. This approach can assist in medical image analysis and photo editing process with efficient zooming method

CHINA’S POLICY TOWARDS MYANMAR AFTER 2011

This paper argues that Myanmar is in the key factor of Chinese strategic goals. Although Myanmar endeavored to reintegrate itself into the international community or its rapprochement with the United States, China has tried to pursue its foreign policy to Myanmar better than ever before in particular after 2011. On the other hand, it can be said that China for its national interests, continues to make an effort to pursue the appropriate diplomacy towards Myanmar. Therefore, in order to forecast the future prospect of Sino-Myanmar relations, it needs to study Chinese strategic goals towards Myanmar and how Myanmar responses to its policy. Moreover, the influence on Sino-Myanmar relations exerted by other factors such as anti-China sentiment came from Myanmar’s people society will also be discussed. Finally, this paper will attempt to analyze the strategic interests of the rising China on Myanmar

Image resampling using non-adaptive interpolation

Image resampling is a process which change the sizeof an image. It generates output image of thespecified dimension with the help of the interpolationtechniques. The up-sampled images are lost finedetailed information due to artifacts. This is aproblem to define detail content clearly. This is achallenge to restore the lost information. Manyrestoration methods have been developed Theproposed framework is based on non-adaptiveinterpolation method. Non-adaptive method is fasterthan adaptive one. This framework can interpolateand produce good image with fine detailedinformation. This approach can assit in photoediting process and other image processingapplication

Application of new serological (Major Membrane Protein II) enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for leprosy patients in Myanmar

As serodiagnosis is the easiest way of diagnosing a disease, the utility of (Major Membrane Protein II) MMP-II antigen in the serodiagnosis of leprosy was examined and compared with NTP-BSA ELISA test. It was carried out on the blood samples of new leprosy cases and their contacts from Nyaungdon Township, and on new adult pulmonary TB cases of Yangon TB Center and childhood TB cases of Yangon Children's Hospital and North Okkalapa General Hospital between November 2006 and December 2007. The sensitivity of the tests on detecting leprosy patients who had not been treated was 58/77 (75.32%) and 54/77 (70.1%) for MB patients using MMP-II and NTP-BSA ELISA tests, respectively. It was 48/64 (75.0%) and 40/64 (62.50%) for PB patients using MMP-II and NTP-BSA ELISA tests, respectively. The sensitivity of MMP-II ELISA test was higher than that of NTP-BSA ELISA test on both leprosy patients. The sensitivity of MMP-II ELISA test was also higher than that of NTP-BSA ELISA test on TB patients in our study. Therefore, our data indicate that MMP-II ELISA could be useful as a supporting serodiagnostic tool in diagnosis of leprosy and childhood tuberculosi

Rurally rooted cross‐border migrant workers from Myanmar, Covid‐19, and agrarian movements

This paper examines the situation of rurally rooted cross-border migrant workers from Myanmar during the Covid-19 pandemic. It looks at the circumstances of the migrants prior to the global health emergency, before exploring possibilities for a post-pandemic future for this stratum of the working people by raising critical questions addressed to agrarian movements. It does this by focusing on the nature and dynamics of the nexus of land and labour in the context of production and social reproduction, a view that in the context of rurally rooted cross-border migrant workers necessarily requires interrelated perspectives on labour, agrarian, and food justice struggles. This requires a rethinking of the role of land, not as a factor in either production or social reproduction, but as a central component in both spheres simultaneously. The question is not ‘whether’ it is necessary and desirable to forge multi-class coalitions and struggles against external capital, while not losing sight of the exploitative relations within rural communities and the household; rather, the question is ‘how’ to achieve this. It will require a messy recursive process, going back and forth between theoretical exploration and practical politics

Dipterocarpus tuberculatus Roxb. Ethanol Extract Has Anti-Inflammatory and Hepatoprotective Effects In Vitro and In Vivo by Targeting the IRAK1/AP-1 Pathway

Dipterocarpus tuberculatus Roxb. has been used traditionally as a remedy for many diseases, especially inflammation. Therefore, we analyzed and explored the mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effect of a Dipterocarpus tuberculatus Roxb. ethanol extract (Dt-EE). Dt-EE clearly and dose-dependently inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW264.7 cells. Also, Dt-EE suppressed the activation of the MyD88/TRIF-mediated AP-1 pathway and the AP-1 pathway related proteins JNK2, MKK4/7, and TAK1, which occurred as a result of inhibiting the kinase activity of IRAK1 and IRAK4, the most upstream factors of the AP-1 pathway. Finally, Dt-EE displayed hepatoprotective activity in a mouse model of hepatitis induced with LPS/D-galactosamine (D-GalN) through decreasing the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and suppressing the activation of JNK and IRAK1. Therefore, our results strongly suggest that Dt-EE could be a candidate anti-inflammatory herbal medicine with IRAK1/AP-1 inhibitory and hepatoprotective properties