The Podium, the Tower and the 'People': The private development of a public complex, c.1965-1970

Roundtable Two: Architecture in Asia as Theory and MethodFulltext of the conference paper in: http://www.griffith.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/531542/R02_04_Seng_The-Podium-the-Tower-and-the-People.pd

Habitat, c.1976: Transnational technologies, modern domesticities in Singapore and Hong Kong

School of Architecture, Victoria University of Wellington, 40 Year Anniversary 1975-2015The success stories of public housing in Singapore and Hong Kong have been well circulated by their proponents and scholars, to the extent that public discourses on housing in these cities overshadow any other imaginations of domesticity, configurations of habitation, and the participation of professional and private enterprise. This paper begins from the position that housing development in Singapore and Hong Kong ...postprin

Effect of three calmodulin antagonists on subpopulations of CD44/CD24 immunophenotypes in breast cancer cell lines

Purpose: To determine the effect of three calmodulin antagonists (A-7, W-7 and W-13) on the subpopulations of CD44/CD24  immunophenotypes in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cell lines.Methods: Flow cytometry analysis was used to determine the proportion of the various subpopulations of the immunophenotypes, viz, CD44+CD24-, CD44-CD24+ and CD44+CD24+, when MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells were subjected to calmodulin antagonists. The effect of W-13 on the invasion properties of  MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 was investigated using Matrigel invasion assay.Results: A-7, W-7 and W-13 caused alterations in the subpopulation of CD44+CD24- in MDA-MB-231 cells. The most potent antagonist was W-13 as it reduced the proportion of tumorigenic CD44+CD24- to 0.64 ± 0.05 at a concentration of 80 μM. In contrast, the subpopulation of MDA-MB-468 cells, which had a low fraction of  CD44+CD24-, was not altered when administered with W-7 but showed variations when incubated with W-13. Specifically, when the concentration of W-13 increased from 20 – 100 μM, the proportion of CD44+CD24+ was reduced from 92.93 ± 3.2 to 60.96 ± 2.4. The effect of W-13 on the subpopulations of CD44+CD24- and CD44+CD24+ in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468, respectively, reduced the invasion properties of the cells.Conclusion: The calmodulin antagonist, W-13, has a significant antitumor effect on MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells

Carcinoma of stomach detected by routine transabdominal ultrasound

Assessment of the stomach is not commonly included in routine scanning protocol of upper abdominal ultrasound (USG). However, assessment of the stomach in patients presenting with epigastric pain can yield invaluable results. This paper presents, as an illustration, a case of carcinoma of stomach detected by transabdominal ultrasound. The diagnosis is confirmed by subsequent CT, upper endoscopy and operation

Distorted policy transfer? South Korea’s adaptation of UK social enterprise policy

This study draws upon communicative processes in policy transfer to consider the ways in which policy may be adapted to context or distorted. The theoretical framework is used to investigate exactly what the South Korean government borrowed from UK social enterprise policy. Despite claims that the UK was the source of both the general policy direction and the particular regulatory device, the Korean government did not learn about the specific contexts of the British policy, nor attempt two-way communication with domestic stakeholders. Rather, the UK policy was interpreted in accordance with the Korean government’s own ideas about how to utilize social enterprise. Historical legacies of top-down decision-making played an important role in this process, as did the state’s role as a regulator which mobilizes the private sector to achieve policy goals. The consequences have been negative for those organizations refused social enterprise status under the Ministry of Labor’s strict approval system, as well as for the original target population: the socially disadvantaged and vulnerable. It is suggested that the model advanced may help to illuminate the reasons why some borrowed policies differ considerably from the originals, and the use of policy transfer as a means of legitimizatio

Sticking and tipping points: a case study of preschool education policy and practice in Astana, Kazakhstan

This article presents a case study exploring how national guidance for kindergartens in Kazakhstan was interpreted in practice. Document analysis of the State Education Standards of Preschool Upbringing and Education, together with stakeholder interviews and observations of six Astana kindergarten settings, illustrates how competing perspectives on preparing children for school can both promote and limit opportunities for child-led activity in early education. The article considers postcolonial and neocolonial pasts and their potential to influence the present, identifying potential sticking points that may limit change processes. The article suggests processes for building locally grounded praxis in order to create tipping points where child-initiated pedagogy could become a more frequent feature of practice

Immune regulation in Chandipura virus infection: characterization of CD4+ T regulatory cells from infected mice

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Back ground</p> <p>Chandipura virus produces acute infection in mice. During infection drastic reduction of CD4+, CD8+ and CD19 + cell was noticed. Depletion of lymphocytes also noticed in spleen. The reduction may be due to the regulatory mechanism of immune system to prevent the bystander host tissue injury. There are several mechanisms like generation of regulatory cells, activation induced cell death (ACID) etc were indicated to control the activation and maintain cellular homeostasis. Role of regulatory cells in homeostasis has been described in several viral diseases. This study was undertaken to characterize CD4+T regulatory cells from the infected mice.</p> <p>Method</p> <p>In this study we purified the CD4+ T cells from Chandipura virus infected susceptible Balb/c mice. CD4+ T regulatory cells were identified by expression of cell surface markers CD25, CD127 and CTLA-4 and intracellular markers Foxp3, IL-10 and TGF-beta. Antigen specificity and ability to suppress the proliferation of other lymphocytes were studied <it>in vitro </it>by purified CD4+CD25+T regulatory cells from infected mice. The proliferation was calculated by proliferation module of Flow Jo software. Expression of death receptors on regulatory cells were studied by flowcytometer.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The CD4+ T cells isolated from infected mice expressed characteristic markers of regulatory phenotype at all post infective hours tested. The CD4+ T regulatory cells were proliferated when stimulated with Chandipura virus antigen. The regulatory cells did not suppress the proliferation of splenocytes stimulated with anti CD3 antibody when co cultured with them. Interesting observation was, while purification of CD4+ T cells by negative selection, the population of cells negative for CD4 also co purified along with CD4+ T cell. Flow cytometry analysis and light microscopy revealed that CD4 negative cells were of different size and shape (atypical) compared to the normal lymphocytes. Greater percentage of these atypical lymphocytes expressed <it>Fas </it>Ligand and Programmed Death1 (PD-1) receptor.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>From these results we concluded that virus specific CD4+T regulatory cells are generated during Chandipura virus infection in mice and these cells might control the activated lymphocytes during infection by different mechanism.</p

Keeping It Real: Making Space for Play in Early Education Policy and Practice

This chapter considers how the pedagogical framing of preschool activity as a preparation for a school, may be in conflict with an international consensus advocating allowing children greater control of some of their activities in preschool. The first sometimes promotes an early start to more formal learning, while the second proposes that personal responsibility and self-control and can lead to longer lasting benefits resulting from preschool experiences. A case study of changing policy and practice in Kazakhstan is used to illustrate the tensions between these two models of learning. Qualitative, semi-structured interviews with practitioners in the preschool environment were used to explore how national standards documents interact with underlying beliefs about the nature of learning in the formation of practice. The findings suggest that, as in other countries, the intention to increase child-led pedagogy may be inhibited by existing classroom-based expectations of children’s participation. The chapter considers how participatory research in play environments might help to increase awareness of the value of child-led play by focusing increased attention on how play supports learning

Novel Feature for Catalytic Protein Residues Reflecting Interactions with Other Residues

Owing to their potential for systematic analysis, complex networks have been widely used in proteomics. Representing a protein structure as a topology network provides novel insight into understanding protein folding mechanisms, stability and function. Here, we develop a new feature to reveal correlations between residues using a protein structure network. In an original attempt to quantify the effects of several key residues on catalytic residues, a power function was used to model interactions between residues. The results indicate that focusing on a few residues is a feasible approach to identifying catalytic residues. The spatial environment surrounding a catalytic residue was analyzed in a layered manner. We present evidence that correlation between residues is related to their distance apart most environmental parameters of the outer layer make a smaller contribution to prediction and ii catalytic residues tend to be located near key positions in enzyme folds. Feature analysis revealed satisfactory performance for our features, which were combined with several conventional features in a prediction model for catalytic residues using a comprehensive data set from the Catalytic Site Atlas. Values of 88.6 for sensitivity and 88.4 for specificity were obtained by 10fold crossvalidation. These results suggest that these features reveal the mutual dependence of residues and are promising for further study of structurefunction relationship