Ethnobotanical and ethnoveterinary survey in Paraguay: Medicinal plants used for deworming

254-262Gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) infections, commonly called ―worms‖, affect both humans and animals. In veterinary medicine, the search for alternatives to control GIN is now considered a priority because of increasing resistances to commercial anthelmintics. The use of bioactive plants and related secondary metabolites is one of these alternatives. This study aimed to collect data on the use of medicinal plants (MPs) for humans and veterinary practices and at listing plant species with potential anthelmintic properties to select some plant species for further studies following three criteria (availability, originality and popularity). A cross sectional survey was conducted with a total of 384 participants, using semi-structured face-to-face interviews and a free list. To evaluate quantitative data of MPs, two ethnobotanical indices were calculated, the Salience index (SI) and the Use Value (UV). The importance and use of MPs in the population of study was high, 98% (372/383) of participants reported use MPs and 86% (321/384) mentioned knowledge of MPs used against GIN. The transmission of knowledge is not limited to the family environment. Sixteen plant species were listed belonging to 10 botanical families. The Asteraceae was the most popular botanical family. Six plants species were indicated for veterinary use. The four MPs selected for furthers studies were, namely: Kyllinga odorata Valh. (Cyperaceae), Cassia occidentalis L. (Fabaceae), Artemisia absinthium L. (Asteraceae), Verbena litoralis Kunth. (Verbenaceae). Evaluation of those MPs based on in vitro and in vivo assays are planned to validate the traditional local knowledge of these 4 plants

Use of agro-industrial by-products containing tannins for the integrated control of gastrointestinal nematodes in ruminants

Previous studies have illustrated that different bioactive legume fodders containing condensed tannins might represent one of the options for integrated sustainable control of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in ruminants, which may help address the worldwide development of resistance to synthetic anthelmintics. More recently, impetus has been given to assess the potential antiparasitic activity of less conventional resources, represented by different agro-industrial by-products (AIBPs). This review presents in vitro and in vivo results obtained with a range of tannin-containing AIBPs of various geographical and botanical origins, namely AIBP of nuts, temperate and tropical barks, carob, coffee and cocoa. They tend to confirm the "proof of concept" for their antiparasitic effects and also for other aspects of ruminant production in an agro-ecological context. Socio-economic aspects of the exploitation of such non-conventional resources are also discussed as potential models of the circular economy, by using waste. The different modes of use of these resources are presented in this review, as well as strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analyses to illustrate the advantages and limitations of on-farm use

Plantes du Paraguay - Etude de quatre plantes bioactives utilisées contre les nématodes gastro-intestinaux

L'exploration des propriétés antiparasitaires des plantes indigènes au Paraguay est au centre de ce projet de thèse universitaire basé sur une collaboration entre le Paraguay (Université d'Asunción) et la France (UMR IHAP 1225 INRA / ENVT Toulouse). L'objectif de cette thèse est d'évaluer et de valider l'éventuelle action antiparasitaire des plantes paraguayennes identifiées sur la base d'informations ethno-vétérinaires ou de données photochimiques pour mieux contrôler les nématodes parasites digestifs des petits ruminants (caprins et ovins). Ce projet de thèse s'articulera en 3 étapes. 1) Une étape d'étude prospective et descriptive au Paraguay: a) une enquête ethno-vétérinaire et botanique pour identifier les plantes d'intérêt ayant des propriétés anthelminthiques chez les chèvres et les moutons; b) collecte d'échantillons et production d'extraits. 2) Tests in vitro de stade 2 réalisés en France (UMR IHAP INRA / ENVT Toulouse). Visant à confirmer sur la base d'une série de tests in vitro sur deux espèces NGIS les effets anthelminthiques des extraits de plantes. 3) Analyses Invivo pour valider les effets in vitro. Avec ce projet, nous espérons identifier une activité antiparasitaire des plantes contre les nématodes gastro-intestinaux qui affectent les ruminants et développer leurs applications possibles dans un système agricole traditionnel

Plants from Paraguay - Study of 4 bioactive plants against gastrointestinal nematodes

L'exploration des propriétés antiparasitaires des plantes indigènes au Paraguay est au centre de ce projet de thèse universitaire basé sur une collaboration entre le Paraguay (Université d'Asunción) et la France (UMR IHAP 1225 INRA / ENVT Toulouse). L'objectif de cette thèse est d'évaluer et de valider l'éventuelle action antiparasitaire des plantes paraguayennes identifiées sur la base d'informations ethno-vétérinaires ou de données photochimiques pour mieux contrôler les nématodes parasites digestifs des petits ruminants (caprins et ovins). Ce projet de thèse s'articulera en 3 étapes. 1) Une étape d'étude prospective et descriptive au Paraguay: a) une enquête ethno-vétérinaire et botanique pour identifier les plantes d'intérêt ayant des propriétés anthelminthiques chez les chèvres et les moutons; b) collecte d'échantillons et production d'extraits. 2) Tests in vitro de stade 2 réalisés en France (UMR IHAP INRA / ENVT Toulouse). Visant à confirmer sur la base d'une série de tests in vitro sur deux espèces NGIS les effets anthelminthiques des extraits de plantes. 3) Analyses Invivo pour valider les effets in vitro. Avec ce projet, nous espérons identifier une activité antiparasitaire des plantes contre les nématodes gastro-intestinaux qui affectent les ruminants et développer leurs applications possibles dans un système agricole traditionnel.The exploration of the antiparasitic properties of native plants in Paraguay is at the center of this university thesis project based on a collaboration between Paraguay (University of Asunción) and France (UMR IHAP 1225 INRA / ENVT Toulouse). The objective of this thesis is to evaluate and validate the antiparasitic action of the Paraguayan plants identified on the basis of ethnoveterinary information or photochemical data to better control the digestive parasitic nematodes of small ruminants ( goats and sheep). This thesis project will be articulated in 3 stages. 1) A stage of prospective and descriptive study in Paraguay: a) an ethno-veterinary and botanical survey to identify the plants of interest having anthelmintic properties in goats and sheep; b) collection of samples and production of extracts. 2) Stage 2 in vitro tests carried out in France (UMR IHAP INRA / ENVT Toulouse). Aiming to confirm on the basis of a series of in vitro tests on two NGIS species the anthelmintic effects of plant extracts. 3) Invivo analyzes to validate the effects in vitro. With this project, we hope to identify an antiparasitic activity of plants against gastrointestinal nematodes that affect ruminants and develop their possible applications in a traditional agricultural system

Ethnobotanical and ethnoveterinary survey in Paraguay: Medicinal plants used for deworming

Gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) infections, commonly called ―worms‖, affect both humans and animals. In veterinary medicine, the search for alternatives to control GIN is now considered a priority because of increasing resistances to commercial anthelmintics. The use of bioactive plants and related secondary metabolites is one of these alternatives. This study aimed to collect data on the use of medicinal plants (MPs) for humans and veterinary practices and at listing plant species with potential anthelmintic properties to select some plant species for further studies following three criteria (availability, originality and popularity). A cross sectional survey was conducted with a total of 384 participants, using semi-structured face-to-face interviews and a free list. To evaluate quantitative data of MPs, two ethnobotanical indices were calculated, the Salience index (SI) and the Use Value (UV). The importance and use of MPs in the population of study was high, 98% (372/383) of participants reported use MPs and 86% (321/384) mentioned knowledge of MPs used against GIN. The transmission of knowledge is not limited to the family environment. Sixteen plant species were listed belonging to 10 botanical families. The Asteraceae was the most popular botanical family. Six plants species were indicated for veterinary use. The four MPs selected for furthers studies were, namely: Kyllinga odorata Valh. (Cyperaceae), Cassia occidentalis L. (Fabaceae), Artemisia absinthium L. (Asteraceae), Verbena litoralis Kunth. (Verbenaceae). Evaluation of those MPs based on in vitro and in vivo assays are planned to validate the traditional local knowledge of these 4 plants

Use of agro-industrial by-products containing tannins for the integrated control of gastrointestinal nematodes in ruminants

Previous studies have illustrated that different bioactive legume fodders containing condensed tannins might represent one of the options for integrated sustainable control of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in ruminants, which may help address the worldwide development of resistance to synthetic anthelmintics. More recently, impetus has been given to assess the potential antiparasitic activity of less conventional resources, represented by different agro-industrial by-products (AIBPs). This review presents in vitro and in vivo results obtained with a range of tannin-containing AIBPs of various geographical and botanical origins, namely AIBP of nuts, temperate and tropical barks, carob, coffee and cocoa. They tend to confirm the “proof of concept” for their antiparasitic effects and also for other aspects of ruminant production in an agro-ecological context. Socio-economic aspects of the exploitation of such non-conventional resources are also discussed as potential models of the circular economy, by using waste. The different modes of use of these resources are presented in this review, as well as strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analyses to illustrate the advantages and limitations of on-farm use