Efecto agudo de la melatonina exógena sobre funciones cognitivas, en jóvenes adultos que consumen alcohol

La melatonina es una neurohormona asociada con los ciclosdel sueño y como barredor de radicales libres. Recientemente,se ha demostrado que es eficaz para proteger elhipocampo en condiciones de estrés oxidativo, reduciendo eldaño celular y promoviendo mejores ejecuciones en las pruebasde memoria. En este estudio, se evaluó si el consumodiario de 10 mg de melatonina podría tener efectos favorablessobre la memoria y el pensamiento abstracto en adultosjóvenes que consumían alcohol. Los participantes fueronevaluados con las pruebas de Memory span y con la pruebade tarjetas de Wisconsin. Los resultados mostraron que elconsumo exógeno de melatonina se asoció con una mejorasignificativa en funciones cognitivas, aun en condiciones deconsumo regular de alcohol

Efecto de la melatonina exógena en tareas de clasificación en adultos jóvenes

Introduction: use of exogenous melatonin has generally been found to successfully treat sleep disturbances. In recent years it has regained interest due to its favorable effects on learning and memory. In this sense, the benefits of melatonin on other types of processes such as cognitive flexibility have not been explored. The objective of the present investigation was to determine the effect of melatonin consumption during one month on these processes in young adults with an average age of 23.5 years. Methodology: the sample consisted of 30 participants who were divided into a control group and an experimental group. The experimental group consumed 10 mg of melatonin daily for 2 months. Every three weeks, both groups were evaluated with computerized Wisconsin card tests and tapping test. Results and conclusions: melatonin had a significant improvement over abstract thinking but not about response times.Introducción: el uso de la melatonina exógena se ha enfocado a tratar de manera satisfactoria alteraciones del sueño en adultos mayores. Se han propuesto efectos favorables sobre el aprendizaje y memoria, quedando la interrogante si tales beneficios se encuentran en funciones como la flexibilidad cognitiva y tiempo de respuesta. Se tuvo como objetivo determinar el efecto del consumo de melatonina durante 1 mes sobre dichas funciones en adultos jóvenes. Metodología: El grupo de 30 participantes fue dividido en uno control y uno experimental. El grupo control consumió tabletas placebo por las noches por un mes, mientras que el experimental consumió 10 mg de melatonina. Cada dos semanas, ambos grupos fueron evaluados a través de la prueba de clasificación de cartas, así como con la prueba de golpeteo con el dedo. Resultados y conclusiones: la melatonina se relacionó con una mejora significativa sobre las tareas de clasificación

Acute Effect of Exogenous Melatonin on Cognitive Functions in Young Adults Consuming Alcohol

La melatonina es una neurohormona asociada con los ciclos del sueño y como barredor de radicales libres. Recientemente, se ha demostrado que es eficaz para proteger el hipocampo en condiciones de estrés oxidativo, reduciendo el daño celular y promoviendo mejores ejecuciones en las pruebas de memoria. En este estudio, se evaluó si el consumo diario de 10 mg de melatonina podría tener efectos favorables sobre la memoria y el pensamiento abstracto en adultos jóvenes que consumían alcohol. Los participantes fueron evaluados con las pruebas de Memory span y con la prueba de tarjetas de Wisconsin. Los resultados mostraron que el consumo exógeno de melatonina se asoció con una mejora significativa en funciones cognitivas, aun en condiciones de consumo regular de alcohol.Melatonin is a neurohormone associated with sleep cycles and free radical scavenger. Recently, it has been shown to be effective in protecting the hippocampus under stress conditions, reducing cell damage and promoting better executions in memory tests. In this study, it was tested whether the daily consumption of 10 mg of melatonin could have favorable effects on memory and abstract thinking in adults who consumed alcohol. The participants were evaluated with the "Memory Span" and Wisconsin cards test, The results showed that exogenous melatonin consumption was associated with a significant improvement in cognitive functions, even when alcohol is consumed regularl

Geochemical and micropaleontological evidence of recent hydrological changes in sedimentary records of Jiquilisco Bay, El Salvador

The geochemical, mineralogical, and micropaleontological (Foraminifera, Ostracoda, Bacillariophyta) spatial and temporal variations in marshland sediments from the Jiquilisco Bay Biosphere Reserve, El Salvador, are described. The sedimentary characteristics of two marsh sites reveal contrasting sedimentary environments: site Los Cedrones depicts a high energy environment with sandy sediments, low organic matter content, and no microfossils, while site El Gimidor represents a lower energy environment with muddy sediments rich in organic matter and more abundant and diverse microfossils. 210Pb-dated sedimentary cores showed changes over time (last 100 years) in the mineral and elemental composition, as well as in the accumulation rates, suggesting changes in the type and magnitude of sediments delivered to the sites. Sediment accumulation rates were similar at both sites, ranging from 1.2 ± 0.9 to 3.4 ± 0.5 mm yr–1 at Los Cedrones and from 0.8 ± 0.2 to 4.0 ± 0.5 mm yr–1 at El Gimidor. Even though both marshes are located 13 km apart, and depict different sedimentary environments, elemental composition, and microfossil assemblages, both sedimentary records show the influence of hydrological changes, probably due to the damming of the Lempa River and the sea-level increase during the last 100 years.

Safety and Outcome of Revascularization Treatment in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke and COVID-19: The Global COVID-19 Stroke Registry.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES COVID-19 related inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and coagulopathy may increase the bleeding risk and lower efficacy of revascularization treatments in patients with acute ischemic stroke. We aimed to evaluate the safety and outcomes of revascularization treatments in patients with acute ischemic stroke and COVID-19. METHODS Retrospective multicenter cohort study of consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke receiving intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and/or endovascular treatment (EVT) between March 2020 and June 2021, tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection. With a doubly-robust model combining propensity score weighting and multivariate regression, we studied the association of COVID-19 with intracranial bleeding complications and clinical outcomes. Subgroup analyses were performed according to treatment groups (IVT-only and EVT). RESULTS Of a total of 15128 included patients from 105 centers, 853 (5.6%) were diagnosed with COVID-19. 5848 (38.7%) patients received IVT-only, and 9280 (61.3%) EVT (with or without IVT). Patients with COVID-19 had a higher rate of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.53; 95% CI 1.16-2.01), symptomatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SSAH) (OR 1.80; 95% CI 1.20-2.69), SICH and/or SSAH combined (OR 1.56; 95% CI 1.23-1.99), 24-hour (OR 2.47; 95% CI 1.58-3.86) and 3-month mortality (OR 1.88; 95% CI 1.52-2.33).COVID-19 patients also had an unfavorable shift in the distribution of the modified Rankin score at 3 months (OR 1.42; 95% CI 1.26-1.60). DISCUSSION Patients with acute ischemic stroke and COVID-19 showed higher rates of intracranial bleeding complications and worse clinical outcomes after revascularization treatments than contemporaneous non-COVID-19 treated patients. Current available data does not allow direct conclusions to be drawn on the effectiveness of revascularization treatments in COVID-19 patients, or to establish different treatment recommendations in this subgroup of patients with ischemic stroke. Our findings can be taken into consideration for treatment decisions, patient monitoring and establishing prognosis

Safety and Outcome of Revascularization Treatment in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke and COVID-19: The Global COVID-19 Stroke Registry

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: COVID-19 related inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and coagulopathy may increase the bleeding risk and lower efficacy of revascularization treatments in patients with acute ischemic stroke. We aimed to evaluate the safety and outcomes of revascularization treatments in patients with acute ischemic stroke and COVID-19. METHODS: Retrospective multicenter cohort study of consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke receiving intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and/or endovascular treatment (EVT) between March 2020 and June 2021, tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection. With a doubly-robust model combining propensity score weighting and multivariate regression, we studied the association of COVID-19 with intracranial bleeding complications and clinical outcomes. Subgroup analyses were performed according to treatment groups (IVT-only and EVT). RESULTS: Of a total of 15128 included patients from 105 centers, 853 (5.6%) were diagnosed with COVID-19. 5848 (38.7%) patients received IVT-only, and 9280 (61.3%) EVT (with or without IVT). Patients with COVID-19 had a higher rate of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.53; 95% CI 1.16-2.01), symptomatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SSAH) (OR 1.80; 95% CI 1.20-2.69), SICH and/or SSAH combined (OR 1.56; 95% CI 1.23-1.99), 24-hour (OR 2.47; 95% CI 1.58-3.86) and 3-month mortality (OR 1.88; 95% CI 1.52-2.33).COVID-19 patients also had an unfavorable shift in the distribution of the modified Rankin score at 3 months (OR 1.42; 95% CI 1.26-1.60). DISCUSSION: Patients with acute ischemic stroke and COVID-19 showed higher rates of intracranial bleeding complications and worse clinical outcomes after revascularization treatments than contemporaneous non-COVID-19 treated patients. Current available data does not allow direct conclusions to be drawn on the effectiveness of revascularization treatments in COVID-19 patients, or to establish different treatment recommendations in this subgroup of patients with ischemic stroke. Our findings can be taken into consideration for treatment decisions, patient monitoring and establishing prognosis