Projeto Pádel Cidadão: possibilidades no processo formativo de acadêmicos de educação física e aprendizagem para alunos da educação básica

INTRODUÇÃO: O Pádel é um esporte de raquete que, no Brasil, começou a ser difundido pelo Sul, trazido por argentinos e uruguaios no final da década de 80. Ele faz parte da cultura corporal, entretanto pouco presente na formação inicial dos acadêmicos e como conteúdo das aulas de Educação Física.OBJETIVO: Relatar a experiência do Projeto Pádel Cidadão, que tem com objetivos proporcionar o conhecimento e a vivência da modalidade esportiva de Pádel aos acadêmicos do curso de Educação Física - Licenciatura da Universidade Federal do Pampa e oportunizar a vivência do Pádel a estudantes do ensino fundamental da rede pública do município de Uruguaiana (RS). MÉTODOS: Estabelecemos parceria entre a Unipampa e um complexo esportivo de Pádel do município de Uruguaiana, que emprestou as quadras duas vezes na semana, visto que o Pádel requer espaço e materiais específicos. O projeto foi desenvolvido no período de julho a dezembro de 2019 e dividido em duas ações: 1. Encontros semanais com discentes do curso de Educação Física; 2. Encontros semanais com estudantes da rede pública de ensino de Uruguaiana. Participaram 10 estudantes de Educação Física, 2 Técnicos Administrativos, 2 docentes e 19 alunos do 5º ano do ensino fundamental.RESULTADOS: Identificamos que os estudantes envolvidos permaneceram motivados e demonstraram interesse pela vivência do Pádel. A partir dessa experiência, os graduandos puderam refletir sobre formas de sistematização e metodologias possíveis para o seu desenvolvimento em diferentes âmbitos de atuação profissional. Também, os alunos do ensino fundamental tiveram a oportunidade de vivenciar uma modalidade pouco explorada nas aulas de Educação Física e que poucos teriam acesso.CONCLUSÃO: O projeto Pádel Cidadão tornou-se espaço/tempo de formação profissional para além da grade curricular, articulando o labor intelectual, motor, manual e vivências. Além disso, há grande interesse das crianças em aprender novos esportes com raquete.ABSTRACT. Citizen Paddle Project: prividing an experience with racket sport to students from physical education course and elementary public school.BACKGROUND: Paddle is sport, which use a racket to play. This physical entertainment spread in South America, mainly in Argentina and Uruguay, in the last decade of 1980. Even though it is a contemporaneous sport in their culture, it does not be included in the academic curriculum of the physical education course.OBJECTIVE: Contextualizing this situation and overcoming the lack in the academy program of paddle education, this work had the aim to notify the impact of Citizen Paddle Project experience during physical education classes on Federal University of Pampa. This project provided not only the knowledge and familiarity with paddle in the academic environment, but also the opportunity of students from the elementary public education of Uruguaiana city to practice this sport.METHODS: The courts were provided by the Engenho Paddle Sport Center twice a week during July to December of 2019. The project consisted in the weekly meeting with students of the Physical Education course at the University; and separately, with students of elementary public school. The project involved students from Physical Education course (10), and 5th grade of elementary school (19); administrative technicians (2); and professors (2). RESULTS: It was possible to observe the interest and motivation of students during the paddle project. Through this experience, the academic students could reflect on the new systematization and methodologies that could facilitate the application of paddle education in their professional area. In addition, the elementary school students had the opportunity to experience this modality, which is still unexplored in their physical education classes.CONCLUSION: Citizen Paddle Project impacted greatly both academic and elementary students. It created an environment with new possibilities in the professional qualification of physical educator. Moreover, it was improved the intellectual and motor skills of students by the development of paddle abilities.Citizen Paddle Project: prividing an experience with racket sport to students from physical education course and elementary public schoo

Spirulina sp. leb-18 culture using effluent from the anaerobic digestion

The carbon source is the most expensive nutrient for Spirulina production; effluents from anaerobic digestion contain this nutrient in the form of HCO3. The aim of this study was to assess the growth kinetics, composition and fatty acid profile of Spirulina sp. LEB-18 grown in standard Zarrouk medium (NaHCO3 16.8 g L-1) and in Zarrouk medium replaced with 20% (v/v) effluent with reduced concentrations of NaHCO3 (5.3 and 2.8 g L-1). The use of effluent and lower concentrations of HCO3 was found to be an alternative to reduce the costs of Spirulina production, because there were no significant differences in growth parameters (μmax 0.324 - 0.354 d-1; Pmax 0.280 - 0.297 g L-1 d-1), in the different culture medium used. Lipids ranged between 4.9 and 5.0%; the media with effluent had higher levels of linoleic acid compared to the standard medium

Spirulina sp. LEB-18 culture using effluent from the anaerobic digestion

The carbon source is the most expensive nutrient for Spirulina production; effluents from anaerobic digestion contain this nutrient in the form of HCO3 -. The aim of this study was to assess the growth kinetics, composition and fatty acid profile of Spirulina sp. LEB-18 grown in standard Zarrouk medium (NaHCO3 16.8 g L-1) and in Zarrouk medium replaced with 20% (v/v) effluent with reduced concentrations of NaHCO3 (5.3 and 2.8 g L-1). The use of effluent and lower concentrations of HCO3 - was found to be an alternative to reduce the costs of Spirulina production, because there were no significant differences in growth parameters (μmax 0.324 - 0.354 d-1; Pmax 0.280 - 0.297 g L-1 d-1), in the different culture medium used. Lipids ranged between 4.9 and 5.0%; the media with effluent had higher levels of linoleic acid compared to the standard medium

Global variation in postoperative mortality and complications after cancer surgery: a multicentre, prospective cohort study in 82 countries

© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licenseBackground: 80% of individuals with cancer will require a surgical procedure, yet little comparative data exist on early outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared postoperative outcomes in breast, colorectal, and gastric cancer surgery in hospitals worldwide, focusing on the effect of disease stage and complications on postoperative mortality. Methods: This was a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of consecutive adult patients undergoing surgery for primary breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer requiring a skin incision done under general or neuraxial anaesthesia. The primary outcome was death or major complication within 30 days of surgery. Multilevel logistic regression determined relationships within three-level nested models of patients within hospitals and countries. Hospital-level infrastructure effects were explored with three-way mediation analyses. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03471494. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and Jan 31, 2019, we enrolled 15 958 patients from 428 hospitals in 82 countries (high income 9106 patients, 31 countries; upper-middle income 2721 patients, 23 countries; or lower-middle income 4131 patients, 28 countries). Patients in LMICs presented with more advanced disease compared with patients in high-income countries. 30-day mortality was higher for gastric cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (adjusted odds ratio 3·72, 95% CI 1·70–8·16) and for colorectal cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (4·59, 2·39–8·80) and upper-middle-income countries (2·06, 1·11–3·83). No difference in 30-day mortality was seen in breast cancer. The proportion of patients who died after a major complication was greatest in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (6·15, 3·26–11·59) and upper-middle-income countries (3·89, 2·08–7·29). Postoperative death after complications was partly explained by patient factors (60%) and partly by hospital or country (40%). The absence of consistently available postoperative care facilities was associated with seven to 10 more deaths per 100 major complications in LMICs. Cancer stage alone explained little of the early variation in mortality or postoperative complications. Interpretation: Higher levels of mortality after cancer surgery in LMICs was not fully explained by later presentation of disease. The capacity to rescue patients from surgical complications is a tangible opportunity for meaningful intervention. Early death after cancer surgery might be reduced by policies focusing on strengthening perioperative care systems to detect and intervene in common complications. Funding: National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licenseBackground: Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide. Methods: A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study—a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3·85 [95% CI 2·58–5·75]; p<0·0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63·0% vs 82·7%; OR 0·35 [0·23–0·53]; p<0·0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer. Interpretation: Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised. Funding: National Institute for Health and Care Research