Assessing the Papuan Government’s Policy for Tackling the Spread of Coronavirus (COVID-19)

This paper aims to assess the Papuan government’s policy for preventing the spread of COVID-19 through the shutdown of travel to the region based on the Papua joint statement. Excluding the transportation of goods, Papua was the first province in Indonesia to restrict entry into the region by both sea and air travel. To analyse the Papuan government’s policy, Edwards’ theory of policy implementation was adopted. Using first-hand interviews, observations, and library research, this paper argues that the government of Papua has made the right decision to close its borders, despite challenges, as part of a strict policy to protect the region from COVID-19. It is also worth noting that although five regions selected for this study (Jayapura City, Mimika, Biak Numfor, Merauke and Yapen Regency) reflected variations between one another in policy implementation, they all had expressed how the local government in Papua was doing the best they could to eradicate COVID-19. The use of theoretical frameworks (communication, resources, dispositions, and bureaucratic structures) as part of policy implementation had also been effective, despite that some parts need to be improved. The results of this study include recommendations for effective coordination among policymakers, the availability of laboratory testing, adoption of evidence-based policies and improving the health system in Papua

World Health Organization - Technical Report Series: Introduction

[No abstract available]9591105(1956) Joint FAO/WHO Conference on Food Additives, , FAO/WHO. Rome, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, (FAO Nutrition Meetings Report Series, No. 11)Geneva, World Health Organization, 1956 (WHO Technical Report Series, No. 107)Benford, D., DiNovi, M., Setzer, R.W., Application of the margin of exposure (MoE) approach to substances in food that are genotoxic and carcinogenic (2010) Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48 (SUPPL. 1), pp. S42-S48(2010) Chronic Carcinogenicity Bioassays of Acrylamide and Glycidamide in Male and Female B6C3F1 Mice and Fischer 344 Rats, , National Center for Toxicological Research/National Toxicology Program. Unpublished study. Submitted to WHO by the National Center for Toxicological Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AKChen, C.L., Ingested arsenic, characteristics of well water consumption and risk of different histological types of lung cancer in northeastern Taiwan (2010) Environmental Research, 110 (5), pp. 455-462Chen, C.L., Arsenic in drinking water and risk of urinary tract cancer: A follow-up study from northeastern Taiwan (2010) Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, 19 (1), pp. 101-110(2008) Report of the 2nd Session of the Codex Committee on Contaminants in Foods, the Hague, the Netherlands, 31 March - 4 April 2008, , http://www.codexalimentarius.net/download/report/700/al31_41e.pdf, FAO/WHO. Rome, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme, Codex Alimentarius Commission, ALINORM 08/31/41Young, L.G., Vomitoxin in corn fed to young pigs (1983) Journal of Animal Science, 57, pp. 655-664Pollmann, D.S., Deoxynivalenol-contaminated wheat in swine diets (1985) Journal of Animal Science, 60, pp. 239-247Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of furan (CAS No. 110-00-9) in F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice (gavage studies) (1993) NTP Technical Report Series, No. 402, pp. 1-286. , National Toxicology Program. Research Triangle Park, NC, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Toxicology Program, NIH Publication No. 93-2857Moser, G.J., Furan-induced dose-response relationships for liver cytotoxicity, cell proliferation and tumorigenicity (furan-induced liver tumorigenicity) (2009) Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology, 61, pp. 101-111Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of mercuric chloride (CAS No. 7487-94-7) in F344 rats and B3C3F1 mice (gavage studies) (1993) NTP Technical Report Series, No. 408, , National Toxicology Program. Research Triangle Park, NC, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Toxicology ProgramGreer, M.A., Health effects assessment for environmental perchlorate contamination: The dose response for inhibition of thyroidal radioiodine uptake in humans (2002) Environmental Health Perspectives, 110, pp. 927-93

Towards internationally acceptable standards for food additives and contaminants based on the use of risk analysis

Internationally acceptable norms need to incorporate sound science and consistent risk management principles in an open and transparent manner, as set out in the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (the SPS Agreement). The process of risk analysis provides a procedure to reach these goals. The interaction between risk assessors and risk managers is considered vital to this procedure. This paper reports the outcome of a meeting of risk assessors and risk managers on specific aspects of risk analysis and its application to international standard setting for food additives and contaminants. Case studies on aflatoxins and aspartame were used to identify the key steps of the interaction process which ensure scientific justification for risk management decisions. A series of recommendations were proposed in order to enhance the scientific transparency in these critical phases of the standard setting procedure. Chemicals/CAS: aflatoxin, 1402-68-2; aspartame, 22839-47-0, 5910-52-

Who Technical Report Series: Evaluation Of Certain Food Additives

[No abstract available]9281156(1956) Joint FAO/WHO Conference on Food Additives, , Rome, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, (FAO Nutrition Meetings Report Series, No. 11)Geneva, World Health Organization, 1956 (WHO Technical Report Series, No. 107)(1987) Principles for the Safety Assessment of Food Additives and Contaminants in Food, , Geneva, World Health Organization, (WHO Environmental Health Criteria, No. 70)Hydroxyethylidine diphosphonic acid: Exemption from the requirement of a tolerance (1998) Federal Register, 63, pp. 28253-28258(1999) Opinion on Stevioside As a Sweetener, , Scientific Committee on Food, CS/ADD/EDUL/167 final, 17 June(1967) Evaluations of Some Pesticide Residues in Food, , Geneva, World Health Organization, (WHO Food Add./67.32)(1968) Evaluations of Some Pesticide Residues in Food, , Geneva, World Health Organization, (WHO Food Add./68/30